Organic- related to living organisms; has Carbon

Inorganic- related to nonliving things

Mineral- naturally formed, inorganic solid with a crystalline structure

Element- pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances: 92

Compound- a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically joined (NaCl, H2O, CO2)

Crystals- solid, geometric forms of minerals produced by repeating patterns of atoms

SOME CHEMISTRY DEFINITIONS:

ADVANCE

BACK

http://mythwiki.pbworks.com/w/page/22002997/Periodic-Table

BACK

INTERACTIVE Periodic TABLE

BACK

Lattice Structures: LINK

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2 Kinds of Minerals:

Silicate minerals: have a combination of silicon & oxygen; 90% of Earth’s crust; crystallize from molten magma

Nonsilicate minerals: do not contain silicon & oxygen; instead have carbon, oxygen, flourine, sulfur, etc.

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Directions: Use the periodic table to write in the missing elements. Read the story!

An Elemental Tale: The Gold Dust Kid

The Kid mounted his trusty steed, old [B] ___________. His shooting [Fe] ____________ strapped to his side, he headed out for the bright [Ne] ____________ lights of Toronto, aiming to rob the mid-day stage. There was sure to be a load of precious [U] ______________ aboard, and probably [K] ____________, too. Inhaling a deep breath of [O] __________ he coughed on the [S] ____________ from the nearby mills.  Since the [Hg] ______________ was climbing, he quenched his thirst with some H2O, tasting the [Cl] ____________ all big cities like Brockville had.  As he headed north his bones ached from [Ca] _____________deposits built up over the years of riding the [Zn] ____________ trail. Overhead a [He] __________-filled balloon floated in the breeze; the sun beat down like burning [P] ____________. Soon he spotted the stage, guarded only by a sheriff with a [Sn] ____________ badge.  "Halt," he yelled. "or I'll fill you full of [Pb] ____________." The sheriff drew his gun, but alas, was too slow. The Kid's gun, blazing like flaming  [Mg] ______________ did the [Cu] ____________ in. Anyone who drew on the Kid should know his life wasn't worth a plugged [Ni] ______________. A [Pt] ____________  blonde riding beside the [Al] ___________-framed coach rode for her life when the Kid pulled out some [N] ____________ compounds, preparing to blow the safe to atoms. Suddenly, a shout rang out, "Hi Ho [Ag] ___________ and a masked man on a white horse raced across the [Si] ____________ sands like [Na] ______________ skittering on H2O.  A [H] ___________ bomb would not have stopped the lawman; the Kid had met his doom. The rest of his life was to be spent behind [Co] ___________ steel bars, a warning to all who flirt with danger. Your first detention may be the initial step in a [C] ____________ copy life of the saga of the [Au] ____________ dust Kid. 

Author unknownListen to The Elements SONG

Periodic Table LAB

FRONT Header:

BACK

Identifying Minerals:

1.Color

2.Luster: the way a surface reflects light

3.Streak: the color of a mineral in powdered form (how it rubs against a streak plate)

4.Cleavage- the tendency of some minerals to break along smooth, flat surfaces /Fracture- tendency of a mineral to break unevenly

5.Hardness: how easy/hard it is to scratch; on Mohs scale 1=soft to 10=hard

6.Density: how much matter in a given space (cm3)

ADVANCE

Mohs hardness Lab LINK

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/grocha/mineral/images/cleavage.jpg

Quartz Fracture

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Mohs Hardness scale

Other Properties:

Magnetism: magnetite & pyrrhotite attract iron

Fluorescence: calcite & flourite glow under UV light

Taste: halite is salty-tasting

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Chemical reaction: calcite will become bubbly (fizz) when a drop of weak acid is on it(basalt, limestone, marblesandstone)

Optical properties: a thin, clear piece of calcite placed over an image will make a double image

Radioactivity: minerals containing radium or uranium

Procedure:

1. Fill jar 3/4 full of HOT water.

2. Stir Borax into jar with the spoon.

3. Cut & bend pipe cleaners into the shape of a snowflake (above).

4. Tie one end of the string to the stick, the other end to the snowflake.

5. Hang the snowflake into the Borax water with the stick laying across the top of the jar.

CHEMISTRY LAB:

Crystals Lab 1

Materials: Borax, glass jar, string, pipe cleaner pieces, water, spoon, stick

GOAL: How to demonstrate & observe the growth of borax crystals.

LINK

VOCABULARY:

crystal

saturation

6. Wait overnight. Draw & label the crystal as it grows.

Procedure:

1. Fill both jars half full of warm water.

2. Stir Epson Salts into both jars with the spoon.

3. Tie a washer to both ends of the string.

4. Set jars of water 12 inches apart. Drape the string, washer down into both jars of water.

CHEMISTRY LAB:

Crystals Lab 2

Materials: Epson Salts, two glass jars, string, 2 metal washers, water, spoon

GOAL: How to demonstrate & observe the growth of a stalagmite & stalactite.

LINK

VOCABULARY:

Crystal

Stalagmite

Stalactite

5. Draw & label stalagmite & stalactite.

CHEMISTRY LAB:

Rock/Mineral Identification

Materials: rock specimens, streak tile, paperclip, penny, magnifying glass, vinegar, dropper

GOAL: How to identify rocks/minerals.

Procedure:

1. Place rock specimens on sheet of mat paper.

2. Perform the following tests for each rock, writing observations & drawing detailed picture of minerals on your lab sheet table:

• Color

• Luster

• Hardness

• Streak

• Chemical reaction

• Cleavage What is the break pattern of the rock? Does it cleave or fracture?

Use the dropper to put a few drops of vinegar on the rock. Does it fizz?

Scratch the rock on the streak tile. Describe the color of the streak.

Use the paperclip, penny, & your fingernail to scratch the surface of the rock. Does it scratch easily or is it difficult? Use Mohs hardness scale.

How does it reflect light? (Metallic, nonmetallic, shiny, glassy, earthy)

Describe the color. Be specific

DescriptionProperty

Mineral:_________________ picture:

Color

Luster

Hardness paperclip? Penny? Fingernail?

Streak

Chemical reaction

Cleavage

DescriptionProperty

Mineral:_________________ picture:

Color

Luster

Hardness paperclip? Penny? Fingernail?

Streak

Chemical reaction

Cleavage

DescriptionProperty

Mineral:_________________ picture:

Color

Luster

Hardness paperclip? Penny? Fingernail?

Streak

Chemical reaction

Cleavage

DescriptionProperty

Mineral:_________________ picture:

Color

Luster

Hardness paperclip? Penny? Fingernail?

Streak

Chemical reaction

Cleavage

DescriptionProperty

HEADER:Mineral Identification LAB

HSW VIDEO: Basics of Geology: Classifying Minerals (3 min)

HSW VIDEO: Earth Science/Rocks & Minerals (17 min)

ROCKS: Mineral Mixtures

ROCKS- a natural solid that has more than one mineral & organic matter

Composition: what it’s made of

Texture: how it feels, depends on the size, shape & position of the grains in the rock

1. Igneous Rocks rocks that form from melted rockHEAT

a. granite

b. gabbro

c. obsidian

d. basalt

2. Sedimentary Rocks rocks that form from layers of sediment that harden

TIME + PRESSURE + SEDIMENT

a. clay > shale

b. sand > sandstone

c. gravel > conglomerate

Stratification: layering of the sedimentary rock

3. Metamorphic Rocks rocks that change from one kind to another

TIME + HEAT + PRESSURE + ROCK

a. coal > diamond

b. limestone > marble

c. granite > gneiss

d. shale > slate

e. sandstone > quartzite

f. slate > schist

4. COAL & Natural Gas

COAL & OIL FORMATION

Others:

Flint & iron = fire

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ROCK CYCLE:•Erosion & sediment Grains of sand & sediment are eroded from hills & mtns & wash down a river to the ocean.

•Deposition of sediment Over time sediment forms thick layers on ocean floor. Layers become compacted &

cemented together to form sedimentary rocks.

•Compaction & cementation (sedimentary rocks) Layers become

compacted & cemented together to form sedimentary rocks.

•Metamorphism (metamorphic rocks) Large pieces of crust collide forcing some rock

downward. At great depths, heat & pressure squeeze the sedimentary rock to change it into metamorphic rock.

•Melting The hot liquid magma melts the rock

•Cooling The magma is less dense so it rises. Rising cools it.

•Solidification (Igneous rocks) Cooling rock becomes igneous rock.

•Uplift Uplift & erosion expose igneous rock at Earth’s surface. Rock then weathers into sand & clay. The sediment is eroded & deposited

elsewhere

ROCK CYCLE

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Textbook:

Holt Science & Technology 6th Grade

Procedure:

1. Mix sand, gravel, clay, & soil in a bowl. Fill into soda bottle.

2. Pour water into the bottle 2/3 full. Shake vigorously to mix sediment.

3. Place bottle on tabletop. Cut off top of bottle to allow evaporation. Draw/describe what you see.

4. Allow to sit overnight.

ROCK LAB:Sedimentary Rocks

Materials:clay, soil, gravel, sand, mixing bowl, soda bottle with cap, water

GOAL: How to demonstrate & observe sedimentary process.

VOCABULARY:

Sediment

stratification

5. After sediment has dried & hardened, cut away a piece of the bottle. Draw/describe sediment layers.

Answer questions page 87.

Procedure:

1. FIELD SCIENCE: Locate a specimen of granite in the school yard. Mark where the specimen was obtained in your lab notes. Try not to use granite from the driveways.

2. Place the piece of granite on the observation mat.

3. Identify the minerals that compose granite.

4. Fill out the granite worksheet completely.

ROCK LAB 2Igneous Rock: GRANITE LAB

Materials: granite specimens

GOAL: How to identify the minerals in granite.

LAB LINK

Rock stacking! LINKhttp://www.teamsandtastic.com/RockStacking/

Rock stacking picture slide 1 source:

http://www.teamsandtastic.com/RockStacking/

ROCK PICTURES SOURCE:http://www.cerritos.edu/esci/tutor/On-Line_lecture_notes/Volcanoes/Unit_11_Lecture_Magma.htm

http://Geology.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shale_8040.jpg

itech.dickinson.edu/chemistry/?cat=99

http://www.sierraeye.net/tag/diamonds.html

http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00461/images/slate.jpg

http://www.beg.utexas.edu/mainweb/publications/graphics/schist.htm