GEOL 452/552 GIS for Geoscientists I
Transcript of GEOL 452/552 GIS for Geoscientists I
GEOL 452/552 -
GIS for Geoscientists I
Lecture 5
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Overview• HW 1 graded, solutions on WebCT (slides & solutions)
• HW 1 - ex 4 - Lake area unit
• More of Chapter 2: Types of data used in maps
• Skip most of Raster display for now (come back in
Chapter 8)
• Raster_display.pdf - How to display raster data
(supplemental material from textbook on WebCT)
• Lab: Tutorial ch 2, 33-> to 45-> and 62 -> to 64 ->
• No new homework (*) until next lecture (Thursday)
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HW 1, ex4: What unit is the Lake’s area in ?
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Choroplethmap,
ArcMap:graduated
color
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Data type vs. ArcGIS symbolization
Nominal data
Categorical data
Ordinal data
Ratio/Interval data
Single symbol map(labels if needed)
Unique values map
Graduated color (polygons)
Graduated symbol (points, lines)
Dot Density
Chart maps
If numericIf n
on-numeric
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Nominal Data
• Describes names of feature
• Nominal data = names (words, computerspeak: “strings”)
• name of state, land owner, etc.
• “Name”: codes or indices (e.g. FIPS for counties, soil-codes, zip-codes)
• Single value: same symbol / appearance
• Only attribute “visualization” via labels
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Categorical Data• Places features into distinct
categories based on an attribute/field (here: Road types)
• Different values (names, types) within each category (“Freeway”)
• Examples: Landuse, types of crop or animals, geologic units
• ArcGIS: Symbolize as Unique values (limited number of types of objects)
Geologic units
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Making a unique values map
State subregions
Note: several features can share a color
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Numerical Data
• Deals with numbers (Zip code? No!)
• Type A: Ordinal = rank (1., 2., 3., etc.)
• Examples: Rankings of: state by population,
universities, grades, taste
• Type B: Decimal numbers (5.1, 2.3) or integers (5, 1, 8)
• Examples: Length, Temperature, $, population, rainfall
• Interval vs ratio type: ratio needs a meaningful “0
point “(Celsius system vs. Fahrenheit or pH)
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Mapping numerical data• Interval and ratio data: need to make classes before
mapping (need find class boundary, more next lecture)
• Show as variations in symbol size, thickness, or color (lightness, hue) or combinations
What are the class boundaries here?
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Graduated color maps
County population in 2000
more on Classification next lecture
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Types of maps symbolized as Quantities
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Chart maps• Symbol (pie, bar) showing several
attributes at once
• Good for showing distributions and proportions
• Pie chart:
• color + slice size for race distribution (3 attributes)
• Pie size for absolute number of people
• Shape (states) used only for locations
Two attributes:
Eaten, not-eaten
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Bar Charts (histogram)Select 1 attribute for each bar
here: “ordered” color scheme
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Multiple attribute maps
State subregion AND population
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Lab
• Raster_display.pdf - How to display raster data
(supplemental material from textbook on WebCT)
• Next lecture (still ch. 2): classification of numeric data
• Lab: Tutorial ch 2, 33-> to 45-> and 62 -> to 64 ->
• Officially: no new home work today, next HW (HW 3) on
Thursday (due Sep. 16)
• In-officially: HW3 will be: ch. 2, ex. 10, 8, 9
• After tutorial you can already do ch 2., ex 10
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