GEOGRAPHY REVIEW ■ How the earth is represented ◆ Maps ◆ Globes ■ How the earth is organized...
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Transcript of GEOGRAPHY REVIEW ■ How the earth is represented ◆ Maps ◆ Globes ■ How the earth is organized...
GEOGRAPHY REVIEW■ How the earth is represented
◆Maps◆Globes
■ How the earth is organized◆Directions◆Mathematical measurements
■ How the earth is divided◆Hemispheres
Measurements■ Lines of latitude (parallels)
◆ Measured in degrees N&S of equator◆ 0 to 90
■ Lines of longitude (meridians)◆ Measured in degrees E&W of prime
meridian◆ 0 to 180
Geography Exercise
• Identify the countries on the map by coloring them• Example 1. United States of America – Blue• 11. Iraq, 12. France, 13. Germany
• Then list the countries its near by.• Example: 1. United States of America is near by
Canada and Mexico.
Opening Activity (OA) 11. What is the role of the government?
2. What are some of their
responsibilities?
Key Terms• Government
• the group of people who control and make decisions for a country, state
• a particular system used for controlling a country
• Political: relating to government• Laws: rules made by the government of a
town or country
Key Terms• Monarchy (Mono – One): a country that
is ruled by a King or a queen• Aristocracy: Few privileged people rule
the country• Privileged means having special rights
or advantages• Oligarchy:
• government by the few• a government in which a small group
exercises control
Rise of Democracy■ Rise of Democratic Ideals
◆ Evolution (changed) from Monarchy and Aristocracy or Oligarchy
◆ Athens, Greece■ Democracy: Type of government in which people have the
power◆ Pure/Direct Democracy – every citizen participated in
decision making ◆ Representative Democracy– when people choose
representatives to make decisions for them■ Principles of Democracy
◆ Rule by law, Rule by the people, Due process (Government must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person.
Golden age of Greece■ Reforms of Solon
◆ Council of 400 – reviewed laws before reaching the assembly
◆ Freed slaves ■ Reforms of Cleisthenes
◆ Increased number & power of assembly (500)◆ Direct Democracy (Male citizens over 18)
■ Reforms of Pericles◆ Paid salaries – allowed more citizens to get involved
with the government◆ Schools of Philosophy
♦ Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
OA 2
• Pg 139 What is Philosophy?
• Do you have any philosophy you live your life by?
• Ex: “You are what you eat”
PhilosophyPhilosophy is an organized system of thought• Philo -- Love• Sophomos – Wisdom• Philosopher was a person who
loves and seeks wisdom and knowledge.
• In Athens, Greek philosophers spoke of nature of life, people, and government.
• Plato’s, The Republic • How government should be
organized
Analyzing, THE REPUBULIC
1. Underline or highlight words you need to define2. On a separate sheet of paper, we will define the terms3. We will read the text together4. Working with your group summarize the reading below the lines.
Myths of Rome
Romulus and RemusFall of Troy (Trojan Spartan War)
Wars and Conquests
Expansion of wealth and power! But the common people stayed powerless. This led to civil wars.
Roman Republic Monarchy was overthrown, and the citizens created a republic.Republic • representative government • Ensure not one person gained too much powerBranches of the government:• Senate and two assemblies
• Senate--Most powerful governing body in Rome• Senators served for life and was responsible for
making laws (legislation)
Roman Senate
Roman RepublicPatricians • the original
aristocratic families of Ancient Rome
• Powerful elitesPlebeians• Commoners—
farmers, merchants, artisans and traders
Slaves• Prisoners of war or
people in debt
Roman Legal System◆ Inequalities in Rome led to the
creation of the 12 Tables◆12 Tables—Rome’s first code of law
that was written down on stone tablets.◆Tribunes – elected from the lower
classes and who had the power to block (veto) decisions made by the assemblies.
What are some similarities?
12 Tables of Rome!First Legal code of Rome that was the foundation of Roman Republic.
OA 3
1.What purposes do laws serve? 2.What kind of laws are there in
today’s society?
Judeo-Christian Tradition■ New religions stress law and fair
treatment ◆Judaism: teachings of
prophets (10 Commandments)◆Christianity: teachings of Jesus
(morality, individualism)◆Islam: teachings of
Mohammed (dignity; charity)
Compare and Contrast
Medieval Reforms■ Governments based on Absolutism
also called Absolute Monarchy lasted for 1000 years
■ Absolute Monarchy is a government in which the monarch (King or Queen) has absolute power among his or her people. He or she has unrestricted political power.
Medieval Reforms◆Magna Carta (1215)◆Nobles forced King of England to
sign this document◆Limited the power of the king◆Source of rights and liberties◆Parliament
–Representative body /Legislature to check the powers of the King
Social Movements■ Renaissance (Rebirth)
◆Cultural movement in Italy◆Modeled after Greek, Roman
♦ Art, Music, Philosophy♦ Da Vinci, Michelangelo, etc
◆Stressed individualism and secular (not Godly) things
Michelangelo's Pietà
Social Movements Cnt’d■ Reformation
◆ Religious movement led by Martin Luther, a German Monk
◆ Sought to end corruption in the Church (Roman Catholic Church
♦ Indulgences – payment to the Church in exchange for forgiveness of sin.
♦ Nailed 95 theses to church door♦ Stood his ground at Diet of Worms♦ Divided Church into 2 groups
• Catholics and Protestants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o8oIELbNxE