GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

How can we describe our How can we describe our world?world?

THE FIVE THEMES OF THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

1.1. Location: where places are located on Location: where places are located on the earth’s surface.the earth’s surface.

2.2. Place: Physical and human Place: Physical and human characteristics of places.characteristics of places.

3.3. Relationships: interaction of people and Relationships: interaction of people and environmentenvironment

4.4. Movement: movement and interaction of Movement: movement and interaction of people.people.

5.5. Regions: areas with similar Regions: areas with similar characteristics.characteristics.

WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?

Geography is the study of the earth’s Geography is the study of the earth’s surface. It looks at the following: surface. It looks at the following:

Physical features: naturally Physical features: naturally occurring- mountains, rivers, etc.occurring- mountains, rivers, etc.

Cultural features: created by people-Cultural features: created by people-towns, roads, etc.towns, roads, etc.

Environment: everything that Environment: everything that surrounds us.surrounds us.

LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATIONLOCATION

Absolute Location: The EXACT spot on the Absolute Location: The EXACT spot on the earth’s surface where a place is found.earth’s surface where a place is found.

Relative Location: refers to where Relative Location: refers to where something is located in relation to something is located in relation to something else.something else.

Cardinal Directions: North, South, East, Cardinal Directions: North, South, East, and Westand West

Intermediate Directions: Northeast, Intermediate Directions: Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest.Northwest, Southeast, Southwest.

LATITUDELATITUDE

Lines that measure direction north and Lines that measure direction north and south from the equator.south from the equator.

Equator: imaginary line that circles the Equator: imaginary line that circles the world at its widest part. It creates the world at its widest part. It creates the north and south hemispheres.north and south hemispheres.

Axis: imaginary line around which the Axis: imaginary line around which the earth rotates.earth rotates.

Hemispheres: any half of the earthHemispheres: any half of the earth Parallels: a name for the lines of latitude.Parallels: a name for the lines of latitude.

LONGITUDELONGITUDE

Measures location east and west.Measures location east and west. Meridians: A name for the lines of longitude.Meridians: A name for the lines of longitude. Prime meridian: the beginning point for Prime meridian: the beginning point for

where longitude is measured.where longitude is measured. International dateline: The beginning point International dateline: The beginning point

for counting time.for counting time. Time zones: there are six in the U.S. and 24 Time zones: there are six in the U.S. and 24

in the world.in the world. Georgia is in the Eastern Standard time Georgia is in the Eastern Standard time

zone.zone.

MAPSMAPS

Physical Relief MapPhysical Relief Map Political MapPolitical Map Highway MapHighway Map Thematic (Data) MapThematic (Data) Map

PARTS OF A MAPPARTS OF A MAP

TitleTitle GridGrid ScaleScale Legend/KeyLegend/Key DirectionDirection

RegionsRegions

Geographic regions: identification Geographic regions: identification based on physical or cultural based on physical or cultural features.features.

Examples: Hemispheres, time zones, Examples: Hemispheres, time zones, continents, south, west, east continents, south, west, east Midwest, deep south, sunbelt, etc.Midwest, deep south, sunbelt, etc.

POLITICAL REGIONSPOLITICAL REGIONS

An area of land with boundaries and An area of land with boundaries and a government( country, state, a government( country, state, county, city, school districts).county, city, school districts).

POPULATION REGIONSPOPULATION REGIONS

Population density: how many people per Population density: how many people per square mile.square mile.

Urban: more than 2,500 populationUrban: more than 2,500 population Rural: less than 2,500 peopleRural: less than 2,500 people Suburban: heavily populated area around a Suburban: heavily populated area around a

city.city. Metropolitan statistical area: a large city Metropolitan statistical area: a large city

and the large populated area around it---and the large populated area around it---several counties perhaps.several counties perhaps.

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

1.1. What is the study of the earth called?What is the study of the earth called?2.2. What direction does latitude measure?What direction does latitude measure?3.3. What are the lines of longitude called?What are the lines of longitude called?4.4. What hemispheres is Georgia part of?What hemispheres is Georgia part of?5.5. What are the cardinal directions?What are the cardinal directions?6.6. What time zone is Georgia in?What time zone is Georgia in?7.7. What type of map shows us boundaries?What type of map shows us boundaries?8.8. What is the populated area around a city called?What is the populated area around a city called?9.9. What are parallels?What are parallels?10.10. What is the starting point for counting time?What is the starting point for counting time?