Geographic Perspective

7/27/2019 Geographic Perspective

1/15

Mor e e duc at ion al reso urce s a re ava ila ble atwww.nationalgeographic.com/geographyaction Copyright 2006 National Geographic Society. All rights

reserved.

Whats Inside?

Overview 2

KeyTermsinthisGuie 4

GeographicSkills 6

Activity:IsitGeography? 10

Activity:FininganAnalyzingMapswithSpatialCorrelations 12

OnlineResources 13

Ggphc PpcvContent Guide

for eduCators

Authors:

Bck J. Bwn, P.D., Aciae Pe, Gegapy Depamen, texa sae univeiy-san Mac

Mical L. LeVae, P.D., Execive Diec, Nainal Cncil Gegapic Edcain, Jacknville sae univeiy, Alabama

A National Geographic-led campaign


2/15


reserved.

Cnen Gide: GeoGraPHiC PersPeCtiVe

ovvw

T

e geg eete i a len ne may e

analyze vially any pic a a a paial diibin,

a i, anying a can be mapped. Gegy e a niqe

way ndeand anying a i diibed ac pace,

inclding e eve-canging elainip beween man

and e envinmen, and make pedicin and even

ppe lin cen pblem. since e Ea i a lage

ineelaed yem, man and e envinmen ave an

ineacive elainip, eac inencing e e in cmplex

way. tecnlgy enable peple daically ale e w

enegy and mae g e Et yte and clally

mdiy e envinmen. since e indial evlin,

eee, ee paial impac n e landcape ave inceaed

apidly, a ave pplain gw and envinmenal pblem.

Gegape emply b a t eete and an

eg eete a enable em ak qein abw man ineac wi ei pyical nding.

te gegapic pepecive i an inediciplinay ne a allw

examine cmplex ie, inclding e aiing m e

ineacin peple and ei envinmen, ing allavailable

inmain in de avid making -iged deciin.

Fi, gegape beve t tt in de map

em.Anything a exi in Ea pace can be mapped. te

gegape aee paial diibin by aking

Who or whati being beved? When i i being beved?

Where i i lcaed? once ne knw howmeing i

diibed ve Ea pace, e e can y ndeand why

i i diibed a way. t, e gegape nex ak i

analyze e ndelying t ee a ae epnible

e bevable diibin by aking Whyde e paial

diibin exi? and Howdid i cme be? only en,

ae e diibin and pcee ae nded, can e

gegape e e gegapical pepecive ak How can

e paial diibin be mainained canged? and

Wa i . . . ? in de make pedicin and deciin a

may piively impac e e.

ti pepecive i niqe in a i i n limied a paicla

bjec mae. rae, gegapy e an interdisciplinary

and geneic paial pepecive a may be badly applied

anying diibed ac Ea pace. te gegape i

eee ee examine allelevan inmain in de

make an inmed pedicin deciin.

Annapolis , Maryland (1991 )

2 of 15


3/15


reserved.


Gegapy i a badly applicable, tey eete

a allw e bevain and analyi anying a i

diibed ac Ea pace.

Fi, gegape dcmen t tt, aking who

whati being beved, when i i being beved, and where

i i lcaed? ti i e knwing level inking.

Nex, gegape inveigae e ndelying paial pcee

a ae epnible e beved paial diibin by

aking Howdid e paial diibin cme be? Whyi i eway i i? ti i e ndeanding level inking.

Finally, i gegape can ndeand wy e bevain

exi, ey can make paial pedicin and deciin eie

mainain e diibin cange i by aking How can

What i? ti i e applying level inking.

3 of 15

spaTial disTribuTions

ThE GEoGraphic pErspEcTivE

spaTial procEssEsspaTial prEdicTion

and dEcision-makinG

Who WhaT

eg ee yze?

Anying a can be mapped

a a paial diibin.

1. Place and egin

2. A wa cale?

WhErE t? (Lcain)

WhEn t eg

ee?

(tempal cmpnen)

knoWinG

ee f tg

WhY e te

t tt

ext?

hoW t e t e?

1. Naal-pyicalsyem

2. hman syem

3. Envinmen and sciey

relainip

undErsTandinG

ee f tg

hoW can te tt e

te e ge?

WhaT iF we . . . ?

Pedicin and deciin ae en

made ing mdel.

applYinG

ee f tg


4/15


reserved.


Ky tm h G

ate t defned by pecie pin n a gegapic

gid ing cdinae c a laide and lngide

Eg eete e view ne a wen e e

exple e elainip beween e pyical and man

envinmen

Geg eete e pepecive ed by gegape

wen ey e all available daa and l f ae paial

diibin, en inveigae e ndelying paial pceeepnible e bevable paial diibin, and fnally

make paial pedicin and deciin ab w be peeve

cange e diibin

Gegy an inediciplinay pepecive a pvide a

badly applicable med beving and analyzing anying

a i diibed ac Ea pace a pedicin and

deciin can be made ab w be ndeand impac

paial diibin and pcee; in Geek e wd gegapylieally mean decibe Ea; in decibing Ea, gegapy

bidge e cial and pyical cience

hyte a genealizain, ally baed pn mliple

bevain, a el in a aemen e elainip

inencing ac vaiable, wic can limaely be

inveigaed; link e aking and anweing age gegapic

inqiy and gide e eac inmain

reg a man cnc a aemp genealizecmplex pyical and clal paial diibin a ey

can be nded

rete t indicae a piin in eeence

meing ele

st tt e diibin in Ea pace anying

a exi and can be beved and mapped; n andm b de

paial pcee

Can be naal/pyical, c a pecipiain, empeae,

il

Can be clal, c a langage, eligin, gende eqaliy

Can al be e el man ineacing wi e

envinmen, example, il ein, deeain,

abia l de ban pawl

st eete e view ne a wen e e exple

paial diibin and ndelying paial pcee

st e an ndelying pce epnible e way

meing i diibed ve Ea pace

spaial diibin in e naal/pyical envinmen aede paial pcee; enegy and mae wking in e

Ea pyical yem

Clal paen ae n andm, eie, b de paial

pcee, pimaily innvain/invenin me likely

paial diin

4 of 15


5/15


reserved.


Key Terms in this Guide cont.

syte Gegape dy e naal envinmen

m a yem appac. te Ea i cnideed be an pen

enegy yem; a i, enegy ene, w g, and exi

e Ea yem. All cange a cc n Ea i de enegy

inp, mvemen and ane, and p. te Ea i

cnideed be a cled mae yem, wic mean a e

plane gain le vey lile maei i j mved and

and canged.

Tet map a depic ne pic eme; example, pplain diibin, langage, annal incme,

climae ype, vegeain ype, cean cen. temaic map may

diplay qaliaive qaniaive daa. Qtte tet

map w e diibin e daa wi any nmbe;

example, vegeain ype by name, c a a pine e.

Qttte tet map w e diibin e daa

wi nmbe vale; example, nmbe pine ee in a

given aea.

ve a caaceiic a pen, place, ing a can be

beved meaed

mte eeet e e vaiable

g inence e beved caaceiic vale

ane vaiable, e epnden vaiable; i i e maniplaed

vaiable a cange i delibeaely aleed ding

expeimen

reet eeet e e vaiable we

beved vale caaceiic ae being inveigaed;

i i e pic cncen ab wic an anwe i g;

e bevain vale i vaiable ae a el e

cange in e maniplaed vaiable

cte e any ac a mig inence vale

caaceiic beved and wic e eeace de

n wan cnide in e inveigain; cnlling ee

vaiable enable ne ave me cnfdence in aing e

anwe e iginal qein

5 of 15


6/15


reserved.


Ggphc skll

Mc like any cial pyical cieni, e gegape gal i ak and anwe qein in de gain knwledge. upn aking a

qein, e gegape will develp a ypei and meae vaiable in de cnfm deny e ypei, j a any cieni

wld. te gegape i n limied, weve, any ne dicipline, ype daa, e l. he e i ee e any available

inmain l in de ndeand w and wy ing appea a ey d in Ea pace. ta being aid, gegape d e a

med a eqie ey ave ceain kill. tee ae e kill y den m lean in de d gegapy.

Te nt Gegy st ideniy fve kill a will gide a gegapic inqiy. tee fve kill enable gegape

(1) ak gegapic qein ab paial diibin and pcee, (2) acqie gegapic inmain ab diibin,

(3) ganize gegapic inmain, (4) analyze gegapic daa, and (5) anwe gegapic qein. F a dicin ee kill

ee Geography or Lie: The National Geography Standards1994, page 4256. An veview e 18 Nainal Gegapy sandad i

available nline a e Nainal Gegapic Xpediin Web ie ahttp://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/standards.

6 of 15

1. a geg qet

sden ld be able ak wy ing ae wee ey ae

and w ey g ee a well a wy c diibin ae

impan. Gegape begin by aking wee, wa, wy, and

wa?

Gegapic qein lead den cnide e llwing:

spaial Diibin: w wa i being examined

inveigaed

Place: e paial cnex w wa i being

inveigaed: e pyical and man caaceiic a

give meaning lcain; e way in wic place ae

defned and gped in egin; e develpmen and

ignifcance e ene place; e menal map man

cnc place

Lcain: wee e w wa being inveigaed i

lcaed; e able and elaive piin; e way in wic

ing ae diibed in pace; e ignifcance lcain

and/ diibin

scale and Pepecive: e elaive ize ing; w e

cale e ie a i being examined aec e degee

genealizain a can be made

Paen: e eglaiy diincive aangemen ing

ac pace; e lack paen in e diibin; e

ignifcance paen

spaial Pcee: wy ing ae iaed wee ey ae; epcee a aec lcain and paen diibin; e

le cange ve ime in a place and/ ac pace; e

ndelying naal/pyical and clal/man pcee

a ae epnible e beved paial diibin


7/15


reserved.


7 of 15

Geographic Skills cont.

relainip and Cnnecin: e ineacin elemen

in a pyical clal yem; way in wic yem ae

cnneced; w envinmen and man aciviy ae elaed,

inclding e cneqence

Example: Where is the continent o study located? What is

the distribution pattern o the continents population? Why are

the continents climates distributed the way they are? Is the

distribution pattern o mineral resources signicant to the economic

development o populations and, i so, in what way? Why is the

standard o living what it is?

2. aqe geg ft

sden ld lean e a vaiey l and ce

gae gegapic daa. te kill invlved inclde lcaing

and cllecing daa, beving and yemaically ecding

inmain, eading and inepeing map and e gapicepeenain pace and place, ineviewing, and ing

aiical med.

Example: primary and secondary sources, photographs,

interviews, surveys, eldwork, reerence material, observation,

videos, maps, satellite images

3. ogze geg ft

sden ld lean a vaiey med yemaically

ganizing and peening gegapic daa a well a w

ecgnize dieen ype daa and elec e be med

epeening e daa ey ave clleced.

Example: choropleth (area), isoline (line), and dot (point) maps;

pie, bar, and line graphs; diagrams, tables, charts; oral or written

summaries

4. ayze geg ft

sden ld be able ideniy, ndeand, explain, and

analyze inmain peened in map, able, ca, and

gap. tg c ciny, den ld eek paen,lean ine elainip, make pedicin, make ineence,

evalae bia, and yneize inmain ing map, able,

ca, and gap. tey ld be able e aiic in de

decibe daa, ideniying end, eqence, celain, and

elainip.

Becae paial diibin can be vey cmplex, even

cmplex lly cmpeend, gegape ceae eg

in de impliy and genealize paial daa a i can bended.

5. awe geg qet

sden ld be able peen gegapic inmain in

al and wien ep and n map. tey ld lean make

genealizain and apply ee genealizain in de lve

eal-wld pblem. tey ld be able e gegapic

inmain ae e eaibiliy pped lin.

sden ld develp cnclin baed n e daa clleced,

ganized, and analyzed. skill aciaed wi anweing

gegapic qein inclde e abiliy make ineence,

baed n inmain ganized in gapic m (map, able,

gap) and in al and wien naaive.


8/15


reserved.


8 of 15

REGIONS

Types of Regions

Cultural

Formal FunctionalFormal Functional Vernacular Vernacular

Natural/Physical

naTural/phYsical

Baed pn e paial diibin

a pyical ai; example,climae, vegeain, il, landm

Deemined by a naally ccing

ganizain pace accmpli

a ncin. F example, a waeed

i a egin defned by e ncin

e ive and i ibaie.

Example inclde tnad Alley

culTural

Baed pn e paial diibin

a t ai; example, langage,eligin, d, mic, cling

Deemined by e delibeae ganizain

pace accmpli a ncin,

ge meing dne. Place ae

cnneced by i ncin. F example,

a cny, a makeing aea, e

diibin a newpape m wee

i i pined e me bcibe.

Example inclde

Dixie, Bible Bel, swe,

Fn range, Bay Aea, Aggieland

F/uf

Defned by a e caaceiic

a ideniy e egin. oen ave

a ce wee all caaceiic

ae peen, b bde may be

nclea. tee i en a aniinalgadien ac pace m ne ce

ane.

Ft/n

have an ganizing nde

eadqae

ve/peet

Exi in e mind peple;

pbably cann be eaily een

TYpEs oF rEGions


9/15


reserved.


GeoGraPHiC inVestiGation: a exmpl

pe: tempeae ve Ea ace ae nevenly diibed, wi ige aveage empeae being nd in eqaial

zne. A n angle i a cnibing ac e eceip enegy, de laide inence n angle and cnibe e

glbal paen empeae diibin?

a Geg Qet

Qet: Wa i e eec laide n e angle a wic e n ay ike Ea ace?

hyte: te angle a wic e n ay ike Ea ace will vay wi laide.

aqe ogze Geg ift

mte ve: Laide, a meaed by degee, mine, and ecnd n e Eqa

reet ve: Angle a wic e n ay ike Ea ace, a meaed by e angle e nn n abve e izn

cte ve: Day yea, ime day, inmen ed meae angle

ayze Geg ift

seek paen, elainip, and cnnecin; yneize bevain in ceen explanain. sden ld ne aciain

and imilaiie beween aea, ecgnize paen, and daw ineence m map, gap, diagam, able, and e ce.

uing imple aiic, den can ideniy end, elainip, and eqence.

awe Geg Qet

sccel gegapic inqiy clminae in e develpmen genealizain and cnclin baed n e daa clleced,

ganized, and analyzed. skill aciaed wi anweing gegapic qein inclde e abiliy make ineence, baed n

inmain ganized in gapic m (map, able, gap) and in al and wien naaive.

9 of 15


10/15


reserved.

0


acvy: i Ggphy?

A cmmnly ed len den lean a Ea ace i pimaily wae i e glbe . t a glbe (beac-ball yle wk

well) den. Wen ey cac e glbe, den indicae wee ei mb i n wae n land. tack el n e daa able

n e llwing page (able can be ed a a den and, y can ceae a daa able n e blackbad). te aed bjecive i

den lean a ei mb c wae me eqenly an land ace. uing i planning l, epae e bjecive a

a gegapic qein. Ne a e qein, a paed, de n adde eac cmpnen.

10 of 15

is iT GEoGraphY?Wa i e paen and ignifcance e diibin land and wae ve Ea ace?

ThE QuEsTion lEads sTudEnTs To considEr . . .

uneven diibin by

amn: 70% wae and

30% land

uneven diibin by

emipee

locaTion and

disTribuTion

Glbal: Diibin

elaive qaniy land

and wae

hemipee: uneven

diibin land andwae in sh and Nh

scalE and pErspEcTivE

sen hemipee (sh)

a me wae

Nen hemipee (Nh)

a me land

paTTErns

N addeed by qein

a aed.

Cld c n plae

ecnic pcee a

elaed e lcain andize cean bain

procEssEs

te neven diibinpaen i elaed :

te caaceiic climae in emipee

Penial ie man abiain

Penial ecnmicaciviie

rElaTionshipsconnEcTions

N addeed byqein a aed.

Cld c n cean andcninenal landmae

a place and ecaaceiic a make

eac a niqe place

placE

sden e:

Gegapic kill

Glbe

Daa able ecd and

ganize bevain Gap analyze daa

m bevain

Map empeae,pplain diibin,ecnmic aciviie

GEoGraphic skills/Tools


11/15


reserved.


11 of 15 Handout

NAME LANd WATER NH SH

L W


12/15


reserved.


12 of 15

acvy: fg alyzg Mp wh spl Cl

Maeial: sden ala wi emaic map

Explain den a tet map depic ne pic eme; example, pplain diibin, langage, annal incme,

climae ype, vegeain ype, and cean cen. A den ala i likely pvide paial diibin (map) pyical paen,

man paen, demgapic paen, ecnmic paen, paen envinmenal dibance, and pliical paen.

Y will ak den cmpae map a w paial celain. F example, den cld cmpae:

Map wld eligin wi map wld langage

Map wld climae egin wi map vegeain ype

Map pplain gw ae wi map g nainal incme pe capia

F eac e map, ak den li pible cae e paial celain. Ak qein c a ee:

W wa i being examined?

Wy ae ing wee ey ae?

hw did ey ge ee?

I ee a paen ( a lack paen) e diibin?

I ee any ignifcance e diibin?

Can den make any genealizain baed n e inmain in e map?

A a cla, dic ei fnding. A y dic, emind den a paial celain de n imply cae and eec in all cae.


13/15


reserved.


13 of 15

ol rc

Geographic Perspective: Content Guide: Online Resources

rElaTEd links:

b bw Geg sy f Et nt/py Eet syte

h itetg wt te syte (pdF)

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/guides/geogsummary.pdf

ti g-pvking eay exple e Ea dynamic enegy/mae yem and w man impac a yem g e e

ecnlgy. D. Bwn i an Aciae Pe Gegapy a texa sae univeiysan Mac.

my Wef W

http://www.mywonderfulworld.org

Give kid e pwe glbal knwledge wi ece m i Nainal Gegapic-led campaignbacked by a caliin maj

pane expand gegapic leaning in cl, in e me, and in e cmmniy.

nt Geg: Enet

http://ngsednet.org

te Nainal Gegapic ee nline ie edcaa ne-p p edcain new, ece, dicin, and me

nt Geg oe

http://www.nationalgeographic.com

P, vide, daily new, ineacive eae, map, wld mic, and me, a well a ece edca and kid

nt Geg Xet: Gegy st

http://nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/standards

oveview e 18 u.s. Nainal Gegapy sandad


14/15


15/15



15 of 15

Note: This guide is one in a series that National Geographic developed orGegapy Acin!2006: Arica.

Each guide ofers background on and real-world examples o the geographic perspective and how it can be applied across the curriculum.

Geg peete: ctet Ge f Et (pdF) (i gide)

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/guides/geogpguide.pdf

af: py Gegy ctet Ge f Et (pdF)

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/guides/physicalafricaguide.pdf

af: h Gegy ctet Ge f Et (pdF)

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/guides/humanafricaguide.pdf

af: ctey ie ctet Ge f Et (pdF)

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/guides/contempafricaguide.pdf

af mty Et Ge (pdF)

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/guides/multidafricaguide.pdf

A:

Bck J. Bwn, P.D., Aciae Pe, Gegapy Depa men, texa sae univeiy-san MacMical L. LeVae, P.D., Execive Diec, Nainal Cncil Gegapic Edcain, Jacknville sae univeiy, Alabama

Pgap n cve and page 2: rbe Madden

Diagam page 3: Bck Bwn

Diagam page 10: Mical LeVae

Geographic Perspective

Documents

Transcript of Geographic Perspective