Geographic Geographic LandformsLandforms

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FjordFjord► A A fjordfjord (or (or fiordfiord) is a narrow inlet ) is a narrow inlet

of the sea between cliffs or steep of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes, which results from marine slopes, which results from marine inundation of a glaciated valley. inundation of a glaciated valley. Typical characteristics of a fjord Typical characteristics of a fjord include: a narrow inlet, a bottom include: a narrow inlet, a bottom that is glacially eroded significantly that is glacially eroded significantly below sea level, steep-sided walls below sea level, steep-sided walls which continue to descend below which continue to descend below the water level the water level ((http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjorden.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord))

Sognefjord in NorwaySognefjord in Norway

HornHorn

► A A pyramidal peakpyramidal peak, or , or sometimes in its most extreme sometimes in its most extreme form called a form called a glacial hornglacial horn, is a , is a mountaintop that has been mountaintop that has been modified by the action of ice modified by the action of ice during glaciation and frost during glaciation and frost weathering.weathering.

((http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_hornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_horn))

The Matterhorn in the The Matterhorn in the European AlpsEuropean Alps

TalusTalus

► Talus, screeTalus, scree or or detritic conedetritic cone is a term given to broken rock is a term given to broken rock that appears at the bottom of that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders shoulders

► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screeee

Talus Slope, Colorado, USA.

Oxbow LakeOxbow Lake► An An oxbow lakeoxbow lake is a type of lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake. They are is a type of lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake. They are

called oxbow lakes due to the distinctive curved shape that results from this process. In Australia, an oxbow lake is called a called oxbow lakes due to the distinctive curved shape that results from this process. In Australia, an oxbow lake is called a billabong. (billabong. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ox-bow_lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ox-bow_lake))

► Oxbow Lake in MontanaOxbow Lake in Montana

HoodooHoodoo► HoodoosHoodoos are tall thin spires of rock that protrude from the bottom are tall thin spires of rock that protrude from the bottom

of arid basins and badlands. They are composed of soft of arid basins and badlands. They are composed of soft sedimentary rock, and are topped by a piece of harder, less easily-sedimentary rock, and are topped by a piece of harder, less easily-eroded stone that protects the column from the elements eroded stone that protects the column from the elements

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoodoo_geologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoodoo_geology

Drumheller, AlbertaDrumheller, Alberta

SlopeSlope

► Slope landforms simply refer to forms created or modified on a Slope landforms simply refer to forms created or modified on a slope where there is considerable relief. An example is an slope where there is considerable relief. An example is an escarpment like the Niagara Escarpment.escarpment like the Niagara Escarpment.

Rattlesnake Point in Milton, OntarioRattlesnake Point in Milton, Ontario

PingoPingo► A A pingopingo is a mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, is a mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic,

subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo

Alaska/Yukon borderAlaska/Yukon border

DrumlinDrumlin► A A drumlindrumlin (Irish (Irish droimníndroimnín, a little hill ridge) is an elongated , a little hill ridge) is an elongated

whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. Its long axis is whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. Its long axis is parallel with the movement of the ice, with the blunter end parallel with the movement of the ice, with the blunter end facing into the glacial movement. facing into the glacial movement. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin

Georges IslandGeorges Island

Halifax, NSHalifax, NS

StackStack► A A stackstack is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often

vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. Stacks vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. Stacks are formed when part of a headland is eroded, leaving a small are formed when part of a headland is eroded, leaving a small islandisland

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_%28geology%29

Flowerpot IslandFlowerpot Island

Lake HuronLake Huron

WaterfallWaterfall

► A A waterfallwaterfall is usually a is usually a geologicalgeological formationformation resulting resulting from water, often in the form of from water, often in the form of a a streamstream, flowing over an , flowing over an erosionerosion-resistant rock -resistant rock formation that forms a sudden formation that forms a sudden break in elevation break in elevation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall

American Falls, Bridal Veil American Falls, Bridal Veil Falls,Falls,

Niagara Falls, USANiagara Falls, USA

Sand SpitSand Spit

► A A spitspit is a is a depositiondeposition landformlandform found off found off coastscoasts. A spit is a type of . A spit is a type of barbar or or beachbeach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a cove, cove, baybay, , riaria, or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of , or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of sediment (typically sediment (typically sandsand) along a shore by a process known as ) along a shore by a process known as longshorelongshore drift drift. . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spit_%28landform%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spit_%28landform%29

Southport Spit, AustraliaSouthport Spit, Australia

Monteregian HillMonteregian Hill► The The Monteregian mountain chainMonteregian mountain chain is a chain of mountains in is a chain of mountains in MontrealMontreal

and the and the MontérégieMontérégie, between the , between the LaurentiansLaurentians and the and the AppalachiansAppalachians. .

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteregian_Hillshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteregian_Hills

Each mountain in the chain consists of Each mountain in the chain consists of igneousigneous rock and associated hornfels, rock and associated hornfels, which are more resistant to weathering than the surrounding which are more resistant to weathering than the surrounding sedimentary rock sedimentary rock

Mont Saint-Hilaire, QuebecMont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec

ErraticErratic► A boulder that has been transported some distance from its A boulder that has been transported some distance from its

source by a glacier. If an erratic is made of different rock than source by a glacier. If an erratic is made of different rock than the rock on which it lies, tracing it back to its source yields the rock on which it lies, tracing it back to its source yields information on the direction of glacier movement.information on the direction of glacier movement.http://www.nps.gov/archive/yose/education/depth/geology/glossary/http://www.nps.gov/archive/yose/education/depth/geology/glossary/

glossary.htmglossary.htm

Point Lake, NWTPoint Lake, NWT