M I D T E R M R E V I E W

GEOG 101: DAY 9

HOUSEKEEPING ITEMS• Keith sent me an article challenging whether a fruit and vegetable-

based diet is best for people and the Earth: http://ca.shine.yahoo.com/plant-based-diets-environmentally-friendly-224338496.html

• Rowan sent me a Facebook item on the muzzling of DFO scientists by the Harper government: http://www.ipolitics.ca/2013/02/07/new-policy-gives-government-power-to-muzzle-dfo-scientists/

• Larissa sent me some items about pandas: According to Panda International, they eat 42 different species of bamboo: http://www.pandasinternational.org/newsletter/11-bamboo-facts.html. And, according to the WWF, although it only accounts for 1% of their diet, panda's do eat other plants and sometimes meat: http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/giant_panda/panda/what_do_pandas_they_eat/

• She also mentioned an article about how climate change is affecting their eating habits: http://www.livescience.com/24697-giant-panda-climate-change-bamboo-impact.html

REVIEW FOR THE MID-TERM (NEXT WEDNESDAY)

• For the mid-term we will be covering Chapters 1-9, except 4 & 5. Review these chapters and the lecture notes. Use what we cover today as your guide.

• The mid-term will consist of true/ false, multiple choice, and a few short answers. Here are some review questions:

• The term “environment” includesa) Animals and plantsb) Oceans and riversc) Soil and atmosphered) All of the above are included in this term

QUESTION: Review• Which of the following is correct about the term “environmentalism”?a) It is very science-orientedb) It is a social movement to protect the environmentc) It usually does not include advocacy for the

environmentd) It involves scientists trying to solve environmental

problems

∙Adding various amounts of fertilizer to plants in a laboratory is a _____ type of experimente) Correlativef) Naturalg) Manipulativeh) Rare

1-4

QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and Data

What happens if test results reject a hypothesis?

a) The scientist formulates a new hypothesis

b) It shows the test failedc) The hypothesis was

supportedd) The predictions may not

have been correct

1-5

QUESTION: Review ∙ What is the definition of “sustainable development”?

a) Using resources to benefit future generations, even if it means lower availability now

b) Letting future generations figure out their own problems

c) Using resources to satisfy current needs without compromising future availability

d) Letting each country decide what is its best interest

∙ Which do you think is the best way to protect commonly owned resources (i.e., air, water, fisheries)?

a) Sell the resource to a private entityb) Voluntary organizations to enforce responsible usec) Governmental regulationsd) Do nothing and see what happens

1-6

QUESTION: Weighing the Issues

∙ Do you think the rest of the world can have an ecological footprint as large as the footprint of the Canada?

a) Yes, because we will find new technologies and resources

b) Yes, because the footprint of Canada is not really that large

c) Definitely not; the world does not have that many resources

d) It does not matter; it’s not that important

1-7

QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and DataAccording to this graph, what has happened to the population over the last 500

years?

a) It has grown exponentially

b) It has grown linearly

c) It has decreased

d) It has slowed down recently

1-8

QUESTION: ReviewThe term “system” includes all of the following, except:

a) A network of relationships among various components

b) The various components tend to minimize interactions

c) Energy, matter, and information are exchanged between components

d) Energy and matter are valuable inputs to the system

Which of the following describes a positive feedback loop?

e) It drives a system towards an extremef) It stabilizes the systemg) It causes the system to move in opposite

directions at the same ratesh) It causes the system to maintain a constant

condition5-9

QUESTION: ReviewWhich of the following is a correct statement?

a) Energy and matter flow in one direction onlyb) Energy and matter both cycle repeatedlyc) Energy flows in one direction, while matter

recyclesd) Matter flows in one direction, while energy

recyclesWhat is the definition of “net primary production”?

e) Assimilation of energy by heterotrophsf) Elements and compounds that are required

for survivalg) Energy remaining after respiration that is used

to generate biomassh) Assimilation of energy by autotrophs

5-10

QUESTION: ReviewWhat are ecosystem services and what are some

examples?a) Regulation of balance of gases in the

atmosphereb) Filtration/ purification of water, air, and soilc) Regulation of water cycled) Prevent soil erosion and protect against

storms, floods and droughtse) All of the above

What are key carbon sinks (in a positive sense) that are being disrupted by human activity?f) The atmosphereg) The oceansh) Forests, especially boreal and tropicali) B and C

5-11

QUESTION: Review

Which biogeochemical cycle is contained in proteins, DNA and RNA?a) Carbonb) Nitrogenc) Waterd) Phosphorus

Which biogeochemical cycle is being affected by damming rivers, and altering the surface and vegetation?e) Carbonf) Nitrogeng) Waterh) Phosphorus

5-12

QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and DataAccording to this graph, which ecosystem has the warmest temperature and most rainfall?

a) Temperate grassland

b) Boreal forest c) Savannahd) Tropical rain

forest

5-13FIGURE 5.9

QUESTION: REVIEW

What has accounted for the majority of the world’s population growth in recent years?a) Women are having more babiesb) Death rates have dropped due to technology, medicine, and foodc) More women are using contraceptivesd) Nothing, the population has dropped in recent years

According to the I = P x A x T formula, what would happen if China’s 1 billion people had a lifestyle like Canadians?a) Their population would automatically dropb) Their population would automatically increasec) Their affluence and technology would increased) Their impact on the environment would even out

6-14

QUESTION: REVIEW

How have humans been able to raise the environment’s carrying capacity for our species?

a) Through technologyb) By eliminating limiting factorsc) Through increased consumptiond) Spending more money on non-essential resources

Areas that lack significant numbers of people, and have a low population density are…

a) No longer availableb) Best able to support higher densities of peoplec) Sensitive areas least able to support high densities

of peopled) Located around tropical and grassland areas

6-15

QUESTION: REVIEW

Describe the relationship between growth rates and population size.

a) Falling growth rates automatically mean a smaller population

b) Falling growth rates automatically mean a larger population

c) Falling growth rates means we no longer have a population problem

d) Falling growth rates does not mean a smaller population, but that rates of increase are slowing

6-16

QUESTION: INTERPRETING GRAPHS AND DATA

a) High birth and death rates rise cause population increasesb) High birth and death rates, but population is stablec) High birth rates with low death rates cause population to

increased) Low birth and death rates cause the population to decrease

What happens during the “pre-industrial” stage of the demographic transition?

6-17

QUESTION: INTERPRETING GRAPHS AND DATAAccording to this age pyramid, Madagascar’s future population will be…?a) Balancedb) Largerc) Much largerd) Smallere) Much smaller

6-18

QUESTION: INTERPRETING GRAPHS AND DATA

6-19

a) Iraq and Pakistanb) Malawi and Haitic) Malawi and Kenyad) Kenya and

Bangladesh

According to these graphs, which countries had access to family planning?

QUESTION: REVIEWPhysical weathering is characterized by:

a) The chemical interaction of water with parent material

b) Organisms breaking down parent material

c) Wind or rain breaking down parent material

d) The dislodging or movement of soil by wind

Which horizon is the most valuable for agriculture?e) A horizonf) B horizong) C horizonh) R horizon

7-20

QUESTION: REVIEWErosion increases through all of the following, except:

a) Excessive tilling b) Overgrazing c) Clearing forestsd) All of the above increase erosion

Which sustainable farming method involves planting rows of trees along field edges to slow the wind? e) Terracing f) Crop rotation g) Shelterbeltsh) Contour farming

7-21

QUESTION: WEIGHING THE ISSUES

Should the Canadian government provide farmers with financial incentives to use technologies such as no-till farming, crop rotation, and organic agriculture?a) Absolutely, farmers may be more likely to

switch to these techniques b) Yes, but farmers must put any money

received into the farm c) No, it’s not the government’s job to interfere

with farming practicesd) I don’t care, it doesn’t really affect me

7-22

QUESTION: REVIEWWhy has our production of food increased, despite the growing population?

a) We have become more sustainable in food productionb) We have converted much more land to agricultural

productionc) Technology in the form of fossil fuels, pesticides, and

fertilizers have increased productiond) We have not produced more food in the past several

decadesWhich term means “a shortage of nutrients the body

needs”?e) Undernourishmentf) Overnutritiong) Food securityh) Malnutrition

8-23

QUESTION: REVIEW

Which of the following is NOT correct about monocultures?a) They are an efficient way to produce foodb) They increase biodiversityc) They make crops more susceptible to diseasesd) They narrow human diets

Which of the following is not a part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?e) No-till farmingf) Biocontrolg) Some chemical useh) All are part of IPM

8-24

QUESTION: REVIEW

How does GM food production differ from traditional, selective breeding?a) It does not differb) It uses genes from different speciesc) It involves more fieldworkd) It works better in developing countries

What is a “seed bank”?e) An institution that preserves seed types for their

genetic diversityf) A form of banking in developing countries, where

people can put their excess seeds up as collateral for a loan

g) A form of genetically modified organismh) An area where livestock are fed high-quality grains

8-25

QUESTION: REVIEWWhich of the following is the fastest growing type of agriculture?a) Concentrated animal feeding operationsb) Sustainable agriculturec) Aquacultured) Monocultures

Given that the green revolution has increased crop yields, but only by using increased fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, and hybrid seed, do you consider it a success?e) Yes, because more people were fed, regardless of

the pricef) Yes, because industrialized countries can help

through education and technologyg) No, we will have to eventually pay the

environmental costs of producing food in this wayh) It does not matter; I can buy food whenever I want

8-26

QUESTION: WEIGHING THE ISSUESFactory farming allows us to have high consumption of meat products. However, many people are troubled by the conditions that animals are kept in. Should the quality of the animals’ lives be considered when we decide how to raise food?

a) Yes, the quality of an animal’s life is important, too

b) Yes, but only if it does not interfere with access to meat

c) No, animals have no right to a quality of lifed) I don’t care; I’m not particularly fond of cows or

chickens8-27

QUESTION: INTERPRETING GRAPHS AND DATA

If the average person eats 3 kg of meat per week, how many kg of grain are required if the meat came from a cow?

a) 60 kgb) 22 kgc) 3 kgd) 12 kg

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