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Old World Plants and Animals in the New World• Ecological Imperialism

o Introduction of exotic plants and animals into new ecosystemso  The Columbian Exchange

y Alfred Crosby

• It was NOT a good idea!"Old world to New world#

o $eduction of plants and animals Introduction of 

• $ats

• Weeds "dandelions% not &'#

• irds "(tarlings# Contact with European plants and animals

• It was NOT a good idea!"New world to Old world#

o  This was a two way process% so the same e)ects were felt by the oldworld*

o +or a complete list "Old to new and ,ice ,ersa#-http-..en*wi/ipedia*org.wi/i.Columbian0Exchange1Examples

• ene2tso Increased types of food in the world

Caused extermination of some plants and animalso  Tripled the number of culti,able food plantso Animals as important source of dietary protein

Additional animal power3333 Ali,e and 4ead

o Ox5drawn plowo +rom intensi,e to extensi,e agriculture

Intensi,e 5 small area% many wor/ers Extensi,e 6 large area% few wor/ers

o (oil destabili7ation and erosion Not a bene2t

• E)ect of Indigenous peopleo 8one with nature9

A :awo In ;awaii

Pigs ate nati,e :owers and dug holes

• ;oles 2lled with watero Water was good en,ironment for insects

Insects /illed birdso New England

;unting for game and wild food "e,en before the coming of newworld indigenous poeple#

Permanent and semipermanent ,illages

• Clearing and planting small areaso <sed 2re for clearing

&obile hunter gatherers "with season#

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• +ish

• irds

• 4eer

• erries

• Plants

Agriculture• Corn

• (=uash

• eans

•  Tobacco arter system No concept of surplus >and and resources were shared

• Increased Ecological Imperialismo 4ue to impro,ement of world5systemo Europeans? attraction to rare and exotic

o Examples (hipping of Indian elephant Polar bears from @reenland New species of plants for botanical gardens

o  Tulips &ania3333 "B# 4utch (pread from Tur/ey to Netherlands "DBD# A bulb would cost as much a townhouse in Amsterdam

• (uccesso Considered a success when the European en,ironment% along with its

traditional stoc/5rearing and grain5growing practices% is most closely

replicated*•  The End

o No% not yet* "haha#o It was a time of colonialismF plants and animals were mo,ed between

colonies but didn?t return to the source*  The pineapple breadfruit

•  The Conse=uenceso (pread of botanical gardens

Not Gust for the rich anymore (o that plants could be prepared for transport for long tra,els

• 4EIC?s garden at Cape town

• England?s Hew @ardens

• @arden at (t* incent% in the Caribbeano Increased pace of change

Capt* William ligh

• JKL

• L breadfruito  Tahiti to Caribbean

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• L di)erent plantso  To England

4a,id 4ouglas

• MLs to Ks

• $oyal ;orticulture (ociety

•

L di)erent plants% ,ia the Paci2co rea/down of maGor biogeographical barriers

New combinations of plants and animals 8weeds9 "still dandelions# became global in distribution ;omogeni7ed :ora and fauna in most parts of the world

o With the growing homogeneity of en,ironment% this changes ourattitude towards nature as well as expanding the world5system*