Geochemistry 2012
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Transcript of Geochemistry 2012
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Tanta University Faculty of Science
Department of Geology
Geochemistry 2012 4th year- 2nd term
Submitted byMohamed Mahmoud Ahmed El-Shora
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Isotopes
REE
Mineral Chemistry
Geochemistry
Isotopes
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IsotopesMineral Chemistry
REE
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Radioactivity (Isotope)
• Isotope analysis• Isotope: are atoms having the same atomic number “Z” but different
masses “A” due to difference in number of neutrons “N”.• Ex:
• Isobars: atoms having the same mass “A” but different “Z” and “N”.• Ex:
• Isotones: atoms having the same “N” but different “A” and “Z”.• Ex:
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Isotopes
Stable isotopes
Unstable isotopes
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Stable isotopes
• Atoms do not change into other atoms, but the only change is the number of “N”
• Have low life time • Ex: O, H, S, C, N• عدد في لتغير نتيجة العنصر لنفس نظائر ايالنيترونات
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• Parent atom is changed into daughter atom U……….P
• Associated with the emission of α, β, µ• Have great life times• Ex: Sr, Rb, U, Pb• Present decay process• لعملية نتيجة اخر لعنصر عنصر من يتغير العنصر اياالشعاع
Unstable isotopes
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Geochronology • Another importance of
radiogenic isotopes is usage of them is age dating of rocks.
• This can be done using the isochron diagram.
• Rubidium – Strontium system
Parent atom is changed into daughter atom U……….P
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Isochron diagram
• τ= 1/λ ln ( slope +1)• Where: τ the age λ the decay constant
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Ex:
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القيم عمودمتشابهه الغير
المتشابهه القيم عمود
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Select data, then press insert
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Press Scatter
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Right-click on the points
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The Result
• τ= 1/λ ln ( slope +1)
• القانون هذا عوضفيالعمر هو والناتج
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The End Of Isotopes
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REE
Mineral Chemistry
Isotopes
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REE
Man
tle Residual“HREE”
Melt“LREE”
Partly melting
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Types of melting
• 1- Fractional Melting When melt leave magma chamber without react with residualSo HREE ˃ LREE• 2- Batch Melting When melt still in magma chamber and react with residualSo LREE ˃ HREE
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1Fractional Melting
HREE ˃ LREEشديد الخط انحدار
BATCH MELTINGLREE ˃ HREE
خفيف الخط انحدار
Normalization
EuLa Lu
LREE HREE
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Normalization = conc in rock / conc in PM
PM : Primitive Mantle
1Enrichment
Depletion
Metasomatism“Rock was attacked by
Melt”
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REE
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Press here
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After inserting the the value of
each element
press "Enter"
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After inserting the the value of
each element
press "Enter"
1
2
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1
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1Fractional Melting
HREE ˃ LREEشديد الخط انحدار
BATCH MELTINGLREE ˃ HREE
خفيف الخط انحدار
Normalization
EuLa Lu
LREE HREE
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Normalization = conc in rock / conc in PM
PM : Primitive Mantle
1Enrichment
Depletion
Metasomatism“Rock was attacked by
Melt”
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Enrichment
Depletion
Metasomatism
BATCH MELTING
BATCH MELTING
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Mineral Chemistry
Isotopes
REE
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Calculate the general formula of group of mineral “Manual”
• The following steps must be performed:• 1-calculation of the molecular proportion (M.P) M.P=(WT%/Mwt)*1000• 2-atomic proportion (ATP) ATP=M.P*no of (O) oxygen atoms in oxide• 3-Factor (F) F=no of (O) in general formula/Sum of ATP• 4-Number of anions = F*ATP• 5-Number of Cations = no of anions*(no of cations/no of (O) in each oxide)
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Notes
• 5-Number of Cations = no of anions*(no of cations/no of (O) in each oxide) EX
• (no of cations/no of (O) in each oxide)= 1/2
SiO2
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General Formula• Pyroxene Group
• Feldspar Group
• Amphibole Group
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Pyroxene Group
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Feldspar Group
Types of Feldspar:
General Formula
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Feldspar Group
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Feldspar Group
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Amphibole Group
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Example for Amphibole Group
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Sample 2 Sample 1 Oxides
52.05 53.44 SiO2
0.21 0.23 TiO2
2.02 1.29 Al2O3
12.24 9.11 FeO
0.27 0.16 MnO
10.52 15.25 MgO
23.75 20.24 CaO
0.44 0.51 Na2O
Example for Pyroxene Group
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Example for Feldspar GroupSample 2 Sample 1 Oxides
64.1 65.98 SiO2
- - TiO2
22.66 19.58 Al2O3
0.14 - Fe2O3
0.17 - FeO
- 0.21 MnO
0.25 0.12 MgO
3.26 0.49 CaO
9.89 5.9 Na2O
0.05 7.88 K2O
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Minpet 2.02
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To Create File
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Enter the data for the sample No. one
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After inserting the the value of
each element
press "Enter"
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Enter the data for the sample No. two
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After inserting the the value of
each element
press "Enter"
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or
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To calculate the general formula from minpet
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Press here
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T=Z , M1=Y , M2=X
5-Number of Cations = no of anions*(no of cations/no of (O) in each oxide)
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T=Z , M1=Y , M2=X
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P-T Condition In Pyroxene sample
Ca
FeMg
Cations بـــــ بشتغل
recalculation
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In Pyroxene sample
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PL-Amphiboleالقانون في بيها واعوض طلعت اللى الكاتيون نسبة باخد
الرسم في واوقع
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PL-Amphibole
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Amphibole onlyWt%
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Amphibole only
• Wt% بـــــــ بنشتغل• العينة هي التقاطع نقطة• الـــ واشوف انزل• Temp & Pressure• يكون ان البد التوقيع
للخطوط موازي.األساسية
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IsotopesMineral Chemistry
REE
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Best RegardsMohamed M Elshora
President of AAPG-TUSCPhone (+2)01112078926 OR (+2)01280048933Mail : [email protected]