• Genus: Trichomonas1-Trichomonas hominsi : inhabits the large intestine.

2-Trichomonas tenax: commensal and inhabits the mouth.

3-Trichomonas vaginalis: pathogenic and inhabit the urogenital tract.

General features1-has a trophic stage only (no cystic stage).2-morphology:3-multiplies by longitudinal binary fission. 4-It inhabits the cavities of the body.5-It is host specific, (i.e if present in man, not present in in other

animals) and habitat specific (i.e if present in GIT, not present in other system).

Trichomonas vaginalis-T. vaginalis inhabits the urogenital system of males and females.

-In females , it inhabits the vagina, cervix, skene’s gland, anterior urethra and rarely bladder.-In males, it inhabits the urethra, and rarely prostate and epidedimis.

Pathology and pathogenesis

-Factors important in growth of T. vaginalis:1-presence of glycogen in vaginal epithelial cells.2-pH of vagina (optimal pH for growth of T.

vaginalis is 5.5) -Incidence of infection with T. vaginalis: 1-age. 2-sex.

Transmission

1-direct sexual intercourse, or2-indirectly by using contaminated towels, toilet

seat, or vaginal speculum during vaginal examination.

3-through mother’s birth canal and infect the newborn child.

Clinical finding

-Infection of female (trichomonas vaginitis, trichomoniaisis)

1-acute.2-chronic.3-asymptomatic

Laboratory diagnosis

I-Direct (microscopic): specimens are:• a-from female: vaginal discharge, vaginal smear and

sedimented urine.• b-from male: sedeminted urine, urethral discharge,

prostatic secretion and seminal fluid.

1-Fresh (wet) preparation: to see the motile trophozoites.

2-Dried fix preparation: (permenant stained preparation).

-Stained by Giemsa or Leishman’s stains.3-Wet fixed preparation: Papanicolaou smear.

II-Indirect: by serological test as IFAT, ELISA, latex agglutination test.

• Treatment• Metronidazole (orally or vaginally)

Hemoflagellates(blood and tissue flagellates)

*Morphological forms of hemoflagellates1-Amastigote form2-Promastigote form3-Epimastigote form4-Trypomastigote form

Genus Leishmania1-Cutaneous Leishmaniasis or oriented sore.2-Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis or Espondia3-Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala-azar