MIRATECH CorporationThe Particulate Matter ProblemSoot Trap Basics HUG CombiKat® Soot FilterCARB Verification – Process and Completion

The Particulate Matter Problem

What is Particulate Matter?

What is the health risk?

EPA’s Current PM Standards

Future Trends in EPA Standards

Trends in PM 10 levels

Trends in PM 2.5 levels

What is a Soot Trap?

What is Particulate MatterEPA Definitions

Particulate Matter is the general term used for a mix of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. Some particles are large enough to be seen as dust or dirt. Others are so small they can only be detected with an electron microscope.Fine particles – about 1/30th the diameter of a human hair –are less than or equal to 2.5 µm in diameter and are referred to as PM 2.5 by EPA. PM 2.5 is monitored and regulated by EPA.Coarse particles – particles with diameters ranging from about 2.5 µm to more than 40 µm. EPA also monitors and regulates PM10, which refers to particles less than or equal to 10 µm in diameter.“Primary” particles – such as dust, or soot from combustion – are emitted directly into the atmosphere.“Secondary” particles are formed in the atmosphere from primary gaseous emissions

What Is The Health Risk? EPA’s Concern

Particles small enough to get into the lungs (those less than or equal to 10 micrograms in diameter) can cause numerous health problems and have been linked with illness and death from heart and lung disease.

Particles can aggravate respiratory conditions such as asthma and bronchitis and have been associated with heartbeat irregularities and heart attacks.

Both fine and coarse-fraction particles are of concern.

People with heart or lung disease, the elderly and children are at highest risk from exposure to particles.

EPA’s Current PM StandardsEPA’s National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) - October, 2005

NAAQS PM 2.5 PM 10

Short Term (24-hour average) 65 µg/m3 150 µg/m3

Long-Term (Annual average) 15 µg/m3 50 µg/m3

Compliance Thresholds

Each PM standard carries a separate compliance threshold:For long-term standards for both PM2.5 and PM10, compliance is determinedbased on the average of three consecutive annual average values.Compliance with the short-term PM 2.5 standard is determined by the 3-year average of the annual 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations.The short term standard for PM 10 is not to be exceeded more than once per year, averaged over 3 years.

The Particle Pollution Report

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency December, 2004

Future Trends In EPA’s PM Standards

EPA Advisory Council Recommends Tighter Coarse Particulate Standards on Stationary Sources.

An EPA scientific advisory council (The Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee Particulate Mater Review Panel) has issued a report recommending more stringent standards for coarse particulate matter from stationary sources. (Coarse particulate matter are particles greater than 2.5 microns in diameter.)

The panel has concluded that existing coarse particle standards should be tightened to lower the allowable amount of coarse particle dust and soot from 150 micrograms per cubic meter of air to 65 micrograms per cubic meter of air as measured over 24 hours.

The panel also recommended that EPA change the existing annual standard to focus attention on short-term exposures. “There is convincing evidence” of the health risks of breathing these particles,” the panel said.

Future Tightening Standards – As of October, 2005

Report of The Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee Particulate Matter Review Panel

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency September, 2005

Trends In PM 10 Levels

The Particle Pollution Report

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency December, 2004

Trends In PM 2.5 Levels

The Particle Pollution Report

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency December, 2004

Soot Trap Basics

What is a Soot Trap?

Two Soot Trap Technologies

– Active Regeneration

– Passive Regeneration

What is a Soot Trap?A “Soot Trap” is a product that removes or filters Particulate Matter from engine exhaust.Particulate matter is composed of:

– Carbonaceous material– Unburned fuel and lubrication oil

Particulate matter is measured by the mass or volume size of theparticles. Particulate matter from a diesel engine has a mean diameter of less than 1 micron.

Two Soot Trap TechnologiesActive Vs. Passive Regeneration

Regeneration is the process of burning off – or oxidizing –particulate matter that is trapped by the soot filter.

– Passive Regeneration occurs when exhaust temperature reaches a point where the carbonaceous and SOF automatically oxidize.

– If a passive trap is catalyzed, this can occur at temperatures above 750 F, without catalyst this occurs above 950 F.

– Active Regeneration means external energy (not normally contained with the exhaust) is used to regenerate the filter.

– The preferred, proven Active Regeneration technique utilizes duct burners.

HUG CombiKat® Soot Filter

HUG CombiKat® – Passive Regeneration

CBS Technology

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Role

Silicone Carbide (SiC) Filters

CombiKat Wall-Flow Filtering

CombiKat Filter – Results

CombiKat Filter – Benefits Summary

Passive Regeneration

Designed for stationary applications.

The particulate is “regenerated”by oxidation in the exhaust due to the temperature and catalyst on the filters.

Stacked filter blocks in housings for engines up to 7 MW.

HUG CombiKat® Soot Filter

HUG Engineering CombiKat®diesel particulate filter

CombiKat Technology DetailsDesign

– Designed and Manufactured by HUG Engineering in Switzerland– Rugged Design Using Silicon Carbide Filter Material– Relatively Low Back Pressure– Access Ports for Filter Removal and In-Place Cleaning– Coating is Sulfur Tolerant

Installation– Flanged Inlet and Outlet to Connect to Exhaust Pipe – Standard Design Mounts Horizontally– Lifting Lugs and Mounting Feet on Housing

Operational Details– Fittings Provided for Temperature and Pressure Measurements– Pressure Drop Monitor Included with System

Testing & Performance– Over 85% Reduction of PM 10 and PM 2.5

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst RoleDiesel Oxidation Catalyst Can Work In Conjunction With CombiKat

MIRATECH’s Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) when combined with a soot filter controls Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).

The DOC also controls diesel odor.

CombiKat – Silicon Carbide FiltersSilicon Carbide (SiC) Filters

The Particulate is trapped on the surface of a catalyzed, high temperature, wall flow, porous Silicon Carbide filter.

Silicon Carbide provides superior thermal durability over metal fiber and cordierite filters.

Following regeneration, the soot leaves only a small amount of ash on the surface that can be blown off or washed off during maintenance periods.

Sulfur Tolerant Catalyst Applied to Reduce Regeneration Temperature.

CombiKat - Wall Flow Filtering

Wall flow design means exhaust is forced through Silicon Carbide molecular structure to filter out particulate matter.

The Particulate is trapped on the surface of a catalyzed, high temperature, wall flow, porous Silicon Carbide filter.

Wall flow SiC provides superior thermal durability over metal fiber and cordierite filters.

CombiKat Soot Filter – Results

Meets Regulations on Particulate Matter

– NJ- 0.1 gms/bhp-hr– WI- 0.1 gms/bhp-hr– SCAQMD - 0.15 gms/bhp-hr

Meets Regulations on Air Toxics– Sub-micron PM considered a

carcinogen– Modeling PM concentrations at

sites - even Standby’s– New limits in California

HUG Engineering CombiKat®diesel particulate filter

Reduces Visible Smoke for Public Relations

– Many Hospitals have HVAC issues– Electronics Manufacturers have

production problems– Neighbors – Companies want

good relations

Meets Customers’ Needs

CombiKat Benefits SummaryCombiKat Benefits

Sizes for Engines from 150kW to 7 MWCan Go 12 Hours Between High Temperature OperationUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel NOT RequiredRobust Design Provides Fail Safe OperationModular Components for Service and MaintenanceCompetitively pricedProven in Stationary Power Generation ApplicationsEasy Installation and Start-upPoison ResistantLow Back Pressure – Within Engine Manufacturer SpecificationsProvides 15-25 dBA of Sound ReductionNo specific NO/NO2 ratio requiredNo specific NOx/PM ratio required

CARB Verification – Sept. 2005

California Air Resources Board (CARB) Verification’s Meaning

CARB Verification Process

CombiKat Test and Results

24 30-minute cold start cycles

CombiKat Regeneration Temperatures

CARB Verification Received

CARB Verification Applicability

CARB Verification’s Meaning

California has some of the toughest air quality regulations in the country.

CARB verification is seen by many as the state’s “stamp of approval” for effective emission control.

Operators can be assured that technology verified in California will be compliant almost anywhere.

CARB Stationary Verification Process

Emissions TestingNeed over 85% reduction of PM for Level III VerificationNo Significant Increase in Other pollutants

Durability Testing500-Hours of Durability for Standby Generator and Water Pump Applications

– Cold Start and Idle for 30 Minutes - 24 Times in a Row (3 Times)– Cold Start and Operate at 30% Load for 30 Minutes - 24 Times

in a Row (3 Times)– Operate for 24 Hours Continuous at 25%, 65%, and 85% Load (6

Times)Additional 500-Hours of Loaded Operation for Prime Power Applications

Field TestingMust have Field Applications with Letters from Users

CombiKat Test at UC-Riverside

Testing at University of California Riverside - College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT).

CAT 3406C Diesel Genset and Electrical Load Bank

– 350 kW at Full LoadStandard CARB “Red Dye” Diesel FuelCBS-9 Particulate TrapExhaust Piped into Mobile Emissions Trailer After FilterDetailed Emissions Measurements in Triplicate

Emissions Test Results

Operating Time Prior

to Test PM2.5 CO HC NOx

0-Hours 93% 49% 75% -3.3%

167-Hours

97% 41% 88% -3.1%

ISO 8170 Weighted Averages

Percent Reduction from Baseline without Filter:

24, 30-Minute Cold Start Cycles

During standby generator testing, the engine was subjected to 24 cold-starts, each with a 30-minute idle session.

DPF backpressure stayed within OEM-specified limits.

All other filters tested have failed to achieve this level of performance.

This is particularly important for diesel engines used in stand-by and emergency power systems which are normally run only in short intervals for inspection and maintenance.

This testing shows that, with the combiKat® CBS, engines in many applications can be exercised for up to one year before a load must be applied to the engine to regenerate the filter.

24, 30-Minute Cold Start Cycles

DP (inches water) Exhaust Temp (C)

CombiKat Regeneration Temperature

0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.300

0.350

0.400

0.450

0.500

300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460

Temperature (C)

Soot

Con

cent

ratio

n (g

/bhp

-hr)

PassiveRegen

ActiveRegen

CARB Verification Received 9/13/05

Conditional Verification received September 13, 2005– Level III Verification, PM Reduction > 85%– Stationary Emergency Generators and Pumps– Conditional verification is equivalent to verification for the purpose of

satisfying the regulations of in-use emission control regulations of CARB600 Hours of Durability Testing completed without issue

– Completed 24 cold start cycles (6 times)– Backpressure has remained below 25 inches of water

CARB Family Designation:– CA/MES2005/PM3NOO/ST/DPF01

CARB Verification Continued

CBS Filters will be Sold with Delta P Transmitter

– Dwyer DH-010 Digihelic®

Differential Pressure Controller.

CARB Warranty Terms:– 5 Years or 4,200 Hours of Operation– Must Track Warranty Claims and Report Once/Year

Filter is Listed on CARB Website:– http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/verdev/stationary/stationary.htm

CARB Verification Applicability

Parameter ValueApplication Stationary Emergency Power Generation or Pumping

Size Range Less than 7 MW

Engine Type Diesel, with or without turbocharger, certified to 0.4 g/bhp-hr or less of PM

Minimum Exhaust Temperature for Filter Regeneration

The engine must operate at the load level required to achieve sufficient exhaust temperature for regeneration at the rated PM level of the engine, per Figure 5. Operation at lower temperatures is allowed, but only for a limited duration. Per Figure 5, operate in the “Passive Regeneration Okay” side of the graph for at least 30 Minutes.

Maximum Consecutive Minutes Operating Below Passive Regeneration Temperature

720 Minutes

Number of Cold Start and 30 Minute Idle Sessions before Regeneration Required

24

Number of Hours of Operation Before Cleaning of Filter Required

Project Specific. 2000 Hours Typical.

Fuel California on-road or off-road diesel with 500 ppm limit on the sulfur content. Biodiesel is not acceptable for this verification.

PM Verification Level Level 3 Verification: At least 85% reduction of PM.

For Additional Information

Don NewburryResearch & Development Manager

MIRATECH Corporation918-794-9370

dnewburry@miratechcorp.com

Visit our Web site: www.miratechcorp.com

Steve StrongMarketing Manager

MIRATECH Corporation918-794-9379

sstrong@miratechcorp.com