GENETIKA FORENSIK DAN DILENIASI POPULASI...
Transcript of GENETIKA FORENSIK DAN DILENIASI POPULASI...
GENETIKA FORENSIK DAN DILENIASI POPULASI HIU DAN PARI DI INDONESIA: IMPLIKASI PADA PENGELOLAAN DAN KONSERVASI
Hawis Madduppa, Sutanto Hadi, Nurlita Putri Anggraini, Djumadi Parluhutan, Budi Raharjo, Nurmila Anwar, Fitrian Dwi Cahyo, Dani Dasa Permana, Yunita, Effin Muttaqin, Benaya M. Simeon, Muhammad Ichsan, Abraham Sinaipar, Toufan Phardana, Beginer Subhan
Pendahuluan
Permen KP No. 5/PERMEN-KP/2018tentang Larangan Pengeluaran Hiu Koboidan Hiu Martil dari Indonesia.
Sphyrna lewiniCarcharhinus falciformis
Alopias pelagicus
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Manta alfredi – published in 2011http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T195459A8969079.en
KEPUTUSAN MENTERI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 4/KEPMEN-KP/2014 TENTANG PENETAPAN STATUS PERLINDUNGAN PENUH IKAN PARI MANTA
Manta alfredi (Reef Manta Ray)Status: Vulnerable/RawanPop. trend: decreasing CITES : Appendik II
Produksi perikanan hiu di dunia tahun 2002-2011 (Mundy et al. 2013)
Indonesia memproduksi 10.762 ton atau sekitar 13 % dari penangkapan hiu di dunia.
• all parts of the rays have high economic value
• The stingrays are exploited intensively but unregulated in Southeast Asia
(Blaber et al., 2009; White and Kyne, 2010)
Hiu berbeda dengan komoditas perikanan laut lainnya
Sumber : www.PewEnvironment.org
DNA Barcoding
Mitocondrial DNA (COI):
Conserve region
Maternal
Dapat identifikasi sampai species level
Dapat membedakan pada species level
Dapat mengkode Protein
Membedakan spesies yang punya vasiasi tinggi (Hanson et al. 1992)
Mitochondrial DNA
DNA Sampling
Muara Baru
Tanjung Luar
Aceh
Makassar
Cilacap
Raja Ampat
KomodoNusa Penida
DNA Sampling
Prosedur penanganan sampel genetik hiu
DNA Sampling
Prosedur penanganan sampel genetik pari
Foto ID
Pengambilan sampel jaringan (biopsi)
Underwater tissue collection(Robbins 2006)
Tentukan Kelamin
DNA Analisis
7654321
DNA Extraction
PCR gen COI
Electrophoresis
CycleSequencing
Sequence edit
Blast
DataAnalysis
DNA Forensik
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Alopias pelagicus
Carcharhinus dussumieri
Alopias superciliosus
Carcharhinus falciformis
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
Carcharhinus amblythynchoides
Carcharhinus coatesi
Carcharhinus melanopterus
Carcharhinus obscurus
Carcharhinus sorrah
Glyphis fowlerae
Hemigaleus australiensis
Prionace glauca
Sphyrna lewini
Lamiopsis tephrodes
Triaaenodon obesus
Muara Baru
Carcharhinus brevipinnaCarcharhinus macloti
Carcharhinus sorrah Galeocerdo cuvier
Hemipristis elongata
Rhynchobatus australiae
Carcharhinus dussumieri
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides
Hemigaleus australiensis
Carcharhinus melanopterus
Prionace glauca
Glyphis fowlerae Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
Carcharhinus falciformis
Alopias pelagicus
Alopias superciliosus
DNA Forensik
2%
4%2%
6%
24%
17%3%
12%
11%
9%
1% 9%
Daging Glondongan tanpasirip dan kepala
Kulit frozeen
Kulit kering
Sirip Beku
Sirip Kering
Tulang
Tulang Punggung Sayap
Tulang Sirip
Tulang Sirip Sedang
Muara Baru
Aceh
45 ekor (98-100% of BLAST)
DNA Barcoding
Tanjung Luar
32 ekor (99-100% of BLAST)
Muara Baru
3 ekor (99% of BLAST)
Muara Baru2 ekor (100% of BLAST)Tanjung Luar
41 ekor (99-100% of BLAST)
Aceh
4 ekor (99-100% of BLAST)
Carcharinus falciformis
Aceh
4 ekor (99-100% of BLAST)
Tanjung Luar
3 ekor (99-100% of BLAST)
Alopias pelagicus
Sphyrna lewini
Sebaran Populasi
2973877_T
L_251017_1_14_S
L_B
CL
29
79
71
6_
ITK
_M
B_
23
11
17
_A
L_
48
_B
CL
2973876_T
L_261017_1_21_S
L_B
CL
2973875_T
L_061117_1_1_A
P_B
CL
2973874_T
L_261017_1_46_S
L_B
CL
2973873_T
L_091117_1_1_A
P_B
CL
2973869_TL_061117_1_2_A
P_B
CL
2973
868_
TL_
2610
17_1
_26_
SL_
BC
L
2973
867_
TL_
2610
17_1
_31_
SL_
BC
L
2973
866_
TL_0
3111
7_1_
1_AP_B
CL
2973
865_
TL_26
1017
_1_4
2_SL_
BCL
2973864_TL_261117_1_29_SL_BCL
2973862_TL_231017_2_23_SL_BCL
2973860_TL_261017_1_18_SL_BCL
2973857_TL_261017_1_20_SL_BCL
2973856_TL_261017_1_37_SL_BCL
2973854_TL_221017_5_1_SL_BCL
2973853_TL_261017_1_23_SL_BCL
2973852_TL_261017_1_19_SL_BCL
2973851_TL_261017_1_34_SL_BCL
2973850_TL_261017_1_15_SL_BCL2973848_TL_261017_2_32_SL_BCL2973847_TL_261017_1_35_SL_BCL
2973846_TL_261017_1_13_SL_BCL
2973845_TL_261017_1_39_BCL
2973844_TL_231017_2_27_BCL
2973768_TL_171017_1_47_BCL
2973835_MBO_50_BCL
2973836_MBO_54_BCL
2973832_MBO
_48_BCL
2973834_MBO
_45_BCL
2973799_261017_02_09_AJ_B
CL
2973804_261017_02_07_AJ_B
CL
2973790_261017_02_02_AJ_B
CL
2973750_M
BO
_191017_2_B
CL
2973749_M
BO
_171022_19_B
CL
2973748_M
BO
_57_B
CL
2973742_M
BO
_171022_18_B
CL
2973741_M
BO
_14_B
CL
29
73
73
2_
MB
O_
47
_B
CL
29
73
72
8_
MB
O_
11
10
21
_0
3_
BC
L29
73
72
7_
MB
O_
17
10
24
_2
2_
BC
L
2973726_M
BO
_171024_23_B
CL
2973715_M
BO
_44_B
CL
Sphyr
na le
win
i KU
366619.1
57
2973716_M
BO
_33_B
CL
2973798_261017_02_03_B
CL
2973
830_
MB
O_5
5_BC
L
2973
840_
MBO
_51_
BC
L
2973
855_
TL_2
6101
7_1_
16_S
L_BCL
2979
712_
TL_22
1017
_2_6
_SL_
BCL
59 86
2973717_MBO
_9_BCL
2973718_MBO_171025_28_BCL
2973729_MBO_41_BCL
2973730_MBO_171021_07_BCL
2973731_MBO_171022_16_BCL
2973735_MBO_40_BCL
2973737_MBO_171021_04_BCL
2973738_MBO_29_BCL2973739_MBO_171021_06_BCL2973744_MBO_42_BCL
2973746_MBO_171024_21_BCL
2973786_261017_02_01_AJ_BCL
2973792_261017_02_06_AJ_BCL
2973791_261017_01_01_AJ_BCL
2973801_261017_03_01_AJ_BCL
2973831_MBO_52_BCL
2973829_MBO_10_BCL
2981134_MBO_40_BCL
2980001_MBO
_53_BCL
2979709_MBO
_34_BCL
2973839_MBO
_32_BCL
2973838_MBO
_40_BC
L
2973797_RG
P91017_1_1_B
CL
2973871_TL_131117_1_25_A
P_B
CL
99
95
2973734_M
BO
_171023_20_B
CL
Rhin
codon typ
us F
J375725.1
FST = 0,356; P = 0
2979715_IT
K_M
B_231117_A
L_69_B
CL
Ca
rch
arh
inu
s f
alc
ifo
rmis
KX
78
95
08
.1
2973891_IT
K_M
B_291117_M
L_71_B
CL
2973759_061117_2_2_LP
_B
CL
2973743_M
BO
_171025_27_B
CL
2973725_M
BO
_35_B
CL
2973724_M
BO
_36_B
CL
2973
898_
TL_
2210
17_1
_9_C
F_B
CL
2973
897_
TL_
2210
17_1
_13_
CF_B
CL
2973
825_
TL_2
2101
7_1_
4_CF_
BCL
2973
824_
TL_22
1017
_2_8
_CF_B
CL
2973821_TL_221017_3_16_CF_BC
L
2973820_TL_221017_1_5_CF_BCL
2973819_Tl_221017_1_23_CF_BCL
2973818_TL_221017_1_11_CF_BCL
2973817_TL_221017_3_11_CF_BCL
2973816_TL_221017_2_11_CF_BCL
2973815_TL_221017_3_8_CF_BCL
2973814_TL_221017_2_2_CF_BCL
2973813_TL_221017_1_3_CF_BCL
2973812_TL_221017_1_22_CF_BCL
2973811_TL_221017_3_10_CF_BCL2973810_TL_221017_1_2_CF_BCL2973809_TL_221017_1_6_CF_BCL
2973808_TL_221017_1_15_CF_BCL
2973807_TL_221017_2_4_CF_BCL
2973806_TL_2210171_2_9_CF_BCL
2973805_TL_221017_1_16_BCL
2973785_TL_181017_1_25_BCL
2973782_TL_181017_1_22_BCL
2973781_TL_181017_1_21_BCL
2973780_TL_181017_1_1_BCL
2973779_TL_181017_1_9_BCL
2973778_TL_181017_1_7_B
CL
2973777_TL_181017_1_2_B
CL
2973776_TL_181017_1_13_B
CL
2973774_TL_181017_1_24_B
CL
2973772_T
L_181017_1_4_B
CL
2973771_T
L_181017_1_19_B
CL
2973770_T
L_181017_1_18_B
CL
2973769_T
L_171017_2_5_B
CL
29
73
76
4_
TL
_1
81
01
7_
1_
3_
BC
L
29
73
76
5_
TL
_1
81
01
7_
1_
6_
BC
L
29
73
77
3_
TL
_1
81
01
7_
1_
8_
BC
L2973766_T
L_181017_1_23_B
CL
27
2973784_T
L_181017_1_14_B
CL
59
2973823_T
L_221017_1_10_C
F_B
CL
99
2973870_T
L_261017_1_30_S
L_B
CL
2973871_TL_131117_1_25_A
P_B
CL
2973
855_
TL_
2610
17_1
_16_
SL_
BC
L
2973
844_
TL_
2310
17_2
_27_
BC
L
2973
846_
TL_2
6101
7_1_
13_S
L_BCL
2973
847_
TL_26
1017
_1_3
5_SL_
BCL
2973848_TL_261017_2_32_SL_BCL
2973850_TL_261017_1_15_SL_BCL
2973851_TL_261017_1_34_SL_BCL
2973852_TL_261017_1_19_SL_BCL
2973853_TL_261017_1_23_SL_BCL
2973854_TL_221017_5_1_SL_BCL
2973856_TL_261017_1_37_SL_BCL
2973857_TL_261017_1_20_SL_BCL
2973860_TL_261017_1_18_SL_BCL2973861_TL_181117_1_23_BCL
2973862_TL_231017_2_23_SL_BCL
2973863_TL_061117_1_33_SL_BCL
2973864_TL_261117_1_29_SL_BCL
2973865_TL_261017_1_42_SL_BCL
2973866_TL_031117_1_1_AP_BCL
2973867_TL_261017_1_31_SL_BCL
2973868_TL_261017_1_26_SL_BCL
2973873_TL_091117_1_1_AP_BCL
2973874_TL_261017_1_46_SL_BCL
2973875_TL_061117_1_1_AP_BCL
2973876_TL_261017_1_21_SL_BCL
2973877_TL_251017_1_14_SL_B
CL
2973845_TL_261017_1_39_B
CL
2973869_TL_061117_1_2_A
P_B
CL
5720
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
02
87 96
93
67
80
2973872_TL_251017_1_29_A
P_B
CL
2973878_TL_231017_2_8__A
P_B
CL
99
Rhin
codon typ
us F
J375725
Carcharhinus falciformis
Sebaran Populasi
FST = 0,733; P = 0
Pelagic Thresher, Alopias pelagicus
Sebaran Populasi
2973711 M
BO
59 B
CL
Alopi
as p
elag
icus
KF02
0876
.1
17
2973761 181017 1 3 LP BCL
10
2973757 061117 2 3 LP B
CL
15
2973872 T
L 2
51017 1
29 A
P B
CL
67
2973
878
TL 23
1017
2 8
AP B
CL
2973896 TL 251017 1 27 AP BCL
66
Rhincodon typus FJ375725
Konektivitas Antar Populasi Manta alfredi Manta alfredi COI JQ765532.1(Ningaloo Reef)
Manta alfredi COI JQ765531.1(Ningaloo Reef)
2516654 ITK RAM MA 30 R12516653 ITK RAM MA 29 R12516648 ITK RAM MA 23 R12516642 ITK RAM MA 15 R1
2516638 ITK RAM MA 11 R1
2516633 ITK RAM MA 04 R1
2516632 ITK RAM M
A 03 R1
2516629 ITK NPN
MA 30 R
1
2516628 ITK N
PN M
A 29 R
1
2516626 ITK N
PN
MA 27 R
1
2516619 ITK N
PN
MA 20 R
1
2516617 IT
K N
PN
MA
18 R
1
2516616 IT
K N
PN
MA
17 R
1
2516615 IT
K N
PN
MA
16 R
1
2516612 IT
K N
PN
MA
13 R
1
2516611 IT
K N
PN
MA
12 R
1
2516610 IT
K N
PN
MA
11 R
1
25
16
60
9 IT
K N
PN
MA
10
R1
25
16
60
7 IT
K N
PN
MA
08
R1
2516604 IT
K N
PN
MA
05 R
12516600 IT
K N
PN
MA
01 R
1
2516599 IT
K K
OM
MA
24 R
1
2516598 IT
K K
OM
MA
23 R
1
2516597 IT
K K
OM
MA
22 R
1
2516592 IT
K K
OM
MA
17 R
1
2516590 ITK
KO
M M
A 15 R
1
2516585 ITK K
OM
MA 10 R
1
2516583 ITK K
OM
MA 08 R
1
2516579 ITK KOM
MA 04 R
1
2516578 ITK KOM
MA 03 R1
2516577 ITK KOM MA 01 R1
65
2516652 ITK RAM MA 28 R1
1
2516651 ITK RAM MA 26 R1
2516580 ITK KOM MA 05 R1
2516581 ITK KOM MA 06 R1
2516584 ITK KOM MA 09 R1
2516586 ITK KOM MA 11 R1
2516587 ITK KOM MA 12 R12516588 ITK KOM MA 13 R1
2516591 ITK KOM MA 16 R1
2516593 ITK KOM MA 18 R1
2516594 ITK KOM MA 19 R1
2516595 ITK KOM MA 20 R1
2516596 ITK KOM MA 21 R1
2516601 ITK NPN MA 02 R1
2516602 ITK NPN MA 03 R1
2516603 ITK NPN
MA 04 R
1
2516608 ITK N
PN M
A 09 R1
2516613 ITK N
PN
MA 14 R
1
2516614 ITK N
PN
MA 15 R
1
2516618 IT
K N
PN
MA
19 R
1
2516620 IT
K N
PN
MA
21 R
1
2516621 IT
K N
PN
MA
22 R
1
0
2516622 IT
K N
PN
MA
23 R
1
0
2516623 IT
K N
PN
MA
24 R
1
0
2516625 IT
K N
PN
MA
26 R
1
0
25
16
62
7 IT
K N
PN
MA
28
R1
0
25
16
63
0 IT
K R
AM
MA
05
R1
0
25
16
63
1 IT
K R
AM
MA
06
R1
0
2516634 IT
K R
AM
MA
07 R
1
0
2516635 IT
K R
AM
MA
08 R
1
0
2516636 IT
K R
AM
MA
09 R
10
2516637 IT
K R
AM
MA
10 R
1
0
2516639 IT
K R
AM
MA
12 R
1
0
2516640 ITK
RAM
MA
13 R1
0
2516641 ITK R
AM
MA 14 R
1
0
2516643 ITK R
AM
MA 16 R
1
0
2516644 ITK RAM
MA 17 R
1
0
2516645 ITK RAM M
A 19 R1
0
2516647 ITK RAM MA 22 R1
0
2516649 ITK RAM MA 24 R1
1
2516650 ITK RAM MA 25 R1
Manta birostris COI JF493866.1
Fst 0.035 (p=0.17009)
Kesimpulan• Deteksi spesies menggunakan pendekatan
molekular berdasarkan marka mtDNA lokus COI.
• Hasil genetika forensik secara keseluruhan mencapai tingkat deteksi 99-100%.
• Spesies yang terdeteksi, seperti C. falciformis, S. Lewini, A. pelagicus, Carcharhinus sorrah, dan C. amblyrhynchoides, serta # spesius lainnya.
• Pada spesies penting dideteksi terdapat struktur populasi yang tinggi dan signifikan (C. falciformis: FST = 0,733, S. Lewini: FST = 0,356; P = 0).
Rekomendasi
• Kegiatan pengelolaan dapat dilakukan secara terpadu dan berdasarkan karakteristik dari lokasi tersebut.
• Metode ini dapat digunakan untuk deteksi cepat ikan hiu dan pari yang dijual dipasaran, serta
• Karakteristik genetik dapat dipakai untuk mengetahui daerah “hotspot” untuk setiap jenis hiu dan pari
Publikasi hiu dan pariMadduppa H, Ayuningtyas RU, Subhan B, Arafat D. 2016. Exploited
but unevaluated: DNA barcoding reveals skates and stingrays(Chordata, Chondrichthyes) species landed in the Indonesian fishmarket. ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of MarineSciences. 21(2): 77-84.
Prehadi P, Sembiring A, Kurniasih EM, Rahmad R, Arafat D, Subhan B,Madduppa H. 2015. DNA barcoding and phylogeneticreconstruction of shark species landed in Muncar fisherieslanding site in comparison with Southern Java fishingport. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 16(1).
Sembiring A. Pertiwi NPD, Mahardini A, Wulandari R, Kurniasih EM,Kuncoro AW, Cahyani ND, Anggoro AW, Ulfa M, Madduppa H,Carpenter KE. 2015. DNA barcoding reveals targeted fisheries forendangered sharks in Indonesia. Fisheries Research. 164: 130-134.
Toha AH, Widodo N, Subhan B, Himawan MR, Tania C, Noor BA,Stewart BS, Madduppa H. 2016. Close genetic relatedness ofwhale sharks, Rhincodon typus in the Indo-Pacificregion. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation-International Journal of the Bioflux Society (AACL Bioflux). 9(3).