GENETICS. What are proteins made of? Amino Acids Where are proteins made? Ribosome Where are...
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Transcript of GENETICS. What are proteins made of? Amino Acids Where are proteins made? Ribosome Where are...
What are proteins made of? Amino Acids
Where are proteins made? Ribosome
Where are chromosomes located? Nucleus
What is the function of Chromosomes? Controls heredity
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Proteins- make up our cells (transplants fail – immune systems attack)
Protein synthesis – make proteinsChromosomes – contain information for how
to put proteins together 1. protein & nucleic acid (DNA)Nucleic Acid: 1. 5 carbon sugar 2. phosphate group 3. nitrogen containing base
A. DNA – deoxyribo nucleic acid shape – double helix-twisted ladder a. Sugar + phosphates alternate make
up sides b. Base – rungs of ladderDouble Helix discovered by Watson and Crick
Nucleotide = sugar + phosphate + baseBuilding Blocks – nucleotide (sugar,
phosphate & base)
Four different bases 1. Purines – double ring structure adenine, guanine 2. Pyrimidines – single ring structure thymine , cytosine
Bonding patter for bases:A – TC - G
Replication – when DNA makes an exact copy of itself Must occur every time the cell divides
Why? To ensure cells have a compelte set of DNA
Protein synthesis – controls making protein in nucleus
- ribosome – site of protein synthesis - DNA has code (instructions) for how to make
protein in the nucleus _ RNA – ribonucleic acid
Protein Synthesis
RNASugar – riboseShape – single helixBase: uracil adeninine cytosine guanine A-U C- G
DNADeoxyriboseDouble helixBase: thymine adenine cytosine guanine A-T C-G
Three types of RNA1. mRNA – messenger RNA carry the message
code where proteins are made (genetic info.)
2. Transcription: - tRNA – transfer RNA carries amino acids in
the cytoplasm to the ribosome (translation) - rRNA – ribosomal RNA helps put together
the amino acids to form a protein
II. What is RNA and how is it different from DNA?Two big differences between DNA and RNA: •1. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose; in RNA it is ribose •2. The nitrogenous base uracil (U) is used in RNA in place of T (they are very similar bases; in RNA U= A just like T = A.)
tRNA – anti- codon
Protein Synthesis1. Transcription – process of transferring the
information from DNA to mRNA2. Translation – process of amino acids
bonding together to form