Genetics Test Review
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Transcript of Genetics Test Review
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Genetics Test Review
Chapter 11
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Match the Scientists
• 1. Mendel A. recombination
• 2. Morgan helps make map
• 3. Sturtevant B. alleles segregate
• C. some genes linked
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Match the Scientists
• 1. Mendel B. alleles segregate
• 2. Morgan C. genes linked
3. Sturtevant A. recombination
• helps make map
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4. What is fertilization?
• Process of sexual reproduction
• Joining egg + sperm
• Joining egg and pollen
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What is true-breeding and hybrid?• 5. True-breeding = E. offspring are
identical to parents
• 6. Hybrid = D. offspring are of parents of different traits
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7. Genes are____:
• F. the location on a chromosome for a trait
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PUNNETT PRACTICE
• p.3 Dihybrid Cross
• What are the parental genotypes?
• Heterozygous running, heterozygous black mouse
• Homozygous running, homozygous black mouse
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PUNNETT PRACTICE
• p.3 Dihybrid Cross
• What are the parental genotypes?
• Heterozygous running, heterozygous black mouse RrBb
• Homozygous running, homozygous black mouse RRBB
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PUNNETT PRACTICE
• Dihybrid Cross• How many boxes to you
need for a dihybrid cross?
• ANSWER:• 16
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PUNNETT PRACTICE
• Show how you would place the parental alleles on each side of the Punnett Squares:
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RB Rb rB rb
RB
RB
RB
RB
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NOW FILL IN THE BOXES AND
• WHAT IS THE PHENOTYPIC RATIO?
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100% running black
RRBB RRBb RrBB RrBb
RRBB RRBb RrBB RrBb
RRBB RRBb RrBB RrBb
RRBB RRBb RrBB RrBb
RB Rb rB rb
RB
RB
RB
RB
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8. Gametes are:
• A. body cells
• B. sex cells
• C. somatic cells
• D. skin cells
• ANSWER: sex cells B
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9. The likelihood that a particular event will occur is:
• A. hybrid
• B. offspring
• C. probability
• D. recombination
• ANSWER: C probability
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10. The wild type is…
• A. dominant trait
• B. recessive trait
• C. most common trait
• ANSWER: C
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11. homologous
• D. male + corresponding female set of chromosomes
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GO TO PUNNETT PRACTICE
• On your dry erase board.
• Do #4 on page 2.
• Cross two plants that are heterozygous for green pods.
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#4 Answer
Gg
Gg gg
G g
G
g
GG
Genotypic ratio: GG:Gg:gg
1: 2: 1
Phenotypic ratio:
Green:yellow
3:1
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12. Haploid and 13. Diploid
• 13. C. one set of chromosomes N in humans 23
14. B. two sets of homologous chromosomes
2N in humans 46
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14. What is a tetrad?
• A. 4 homologous chromosomes
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MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAITS IN CHICKENS
• Question #1:On the cross pictured, what must be the genotypes of the two parents for the outcome to always be a buttercup offspring?
• ANSWER:
• rrPP X RRpp
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Did you set it up right?
RP Rp rP rp
RP
rP
rp
Rp
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9:3:3:1
RRPP RRPp RrPP RrPp
RRPp RRpp RrPp Rrpp
RrPP RrPp rrPP rrPp
RrPp Rrpp rrPp rrpp
RP Rp rP rp
RP
rP
rp
Rp
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15. Crossing-over
• F. homologous chromosomes exchange segments
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16. What is a chiasma?
• A. when 4 chromosomes come together• B. when a cell divides into 4 cells• C. when a cell splits• D. making poopie• E. is the point of crossing over of the two
inner homologous chromosomes
• ANSWER: E
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17. Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
• Mitosis:• starts with 2N parent• Daughter cells are 2N• Daughter cells identical• Makes somatic cells• Ends with 2 cells• 1 division
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17. Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
• Meiosis:• starts with 2N parent• Daughter cells are N• Daughter cells different• Makes sex cells• Ends with 4 cells• 2 divisions
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18. If you had a tall plant, how can you tell if it is TT or Tt?
• Cross it with tt
• (a test cross)
T T
T t
t
t
t
t
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18. If you had a tall plant, how can you tell if it is TT or Tt?
• Cross it with ttTt tt
Tt tt
Tt Tt
Tt Tt
T T
T t
t
t
t
t
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19. Spongebob SsYy marries and mates Spongebetty ssYy
Y=yellow y=blueS=square s=round
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19. Spongebob SsYy marries and mates Spongebetty ssYy
Y=yellow y=blueS=square s=round
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19. SsYy X ssYy
SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy
SsYy Ssyy ssYy ssyy
SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy
SsYy Ssyy ssYy ssyy
SY Sy sY sy
sY
sy
sY
sy
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19. SsYy X ssYy
SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy
SsYy Ssyy ssYy ssyy
SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy
SsYy Ssyy ssYy ssyy
SY Sy sY sy
sY
sy
sY
sy
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6 square yellow 6 round yellow2 square blue 2 round blue
SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy
SsYy Ssyy ssYy ssyy
SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy
SsYy Ssyy ssYy ssyy
SY Sy sY sy
sY
sy
sY
sy
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20. Flower Parts
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EXTRA: Male Flower Parts?
• Stamen pistil stigma anther
• ANSWER: stamen anther
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21. Hetero or Homo zygous
• _____HH _____hh _____Hh
• ANSWER:
• Homozygous Heterozygous
• HH hh Hh
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EXTRA: Recessive?
• T t H h
• ANSWER: t h
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EXTRA: Dominant?
• T t H h
• ANSWER: T H
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CHECK YOUR SKILLS: Go to Punnett Practice #7
• Genotypic Ratio?
• Phenotypic Ratio?
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Nn x nn
• N n
n
n
Nn nn
Nn nn
Genotypic:
Nn:nn
2 : 2
Phenotypic
Smooth;const.
2 : 2
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CHECK YOUR SKILLS: BbFf x bbff
• How many boxes do you need?16
• How do you separate each parent?BF Bf bF bf
• bf bf bf bf
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BF Bf bF bf
BbFf Bbff bbFf bbff
BbFf Bbff bbFf bbff
BbFf Bbff bbFf bbff
BbFf Bbff bbFf bbff
bf
bf
bf
bf
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• Genotypic Ratio
• BbFf : Bbff : bbFf : bbff
• 4 4 4 4
• Phenotypic Ratio
• Black fat : black thin : white fat : white thin
• 4 4 4 4
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CHECK YOUR SKILLS: RR x RW incomplete dominance
• R R
R
W
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CHECK YOUR ANSWER: RR x RW incomplete dominance
• R R
R
W
RR RR
RW RW
Genotypic
RR : RW
2 2
Phenotypic
Red : Pink
2 2
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#22
• Black rooster and white chicken form black and white spotted chicks
• ANSWER: codominance
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#23
• The color of the skin is determined by six different locations on genes
• ANSWER: polygenic trait
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#24
• A red flower is crossed with a white flower to make pink offspring.
• ANSWER: incomplete dominance
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#25
• TT x WW = TW offspring
• ANSWER: codominance
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#26
• Eye color alternatives include blue, brown, green, black
• ANSWER: multiple alleles
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#27
• A black rabbit crossed with a white rabbit produced a gray rabbit
• ANSWER: incomplete dominance
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#29
• ANSWER: The higher the crossover frequency, the farther apart are the genes.
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#28
• The greater the number of recombination frequencies (crossovers), then the _____ the genes are to each other.
• ANSWER: farther apart
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#29
• Red, hair freckles, and fair skin seem to be inherited together. They must be on _____ genes.
• ANSWER: linked
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#30
• The location on a chromosome is referred to as the:
• ANSWER: locus gene
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Back of chicken worksheet:
•Do questions #1 and #2
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• Incomplete dominance = the offspring show trait in-between the two dominant traits (like black and white have gray offspring)
• Codominance = both dominant traits will appear like black and white will have spotted black-white offspring
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• Genotype for black chickens BB
• Genotype for white chickens WW
• Genotype for erminette BW
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#31
• What is the difference between a trait and an allele?
• TRAIT: general description EX; eye color, height
ALLELE: alternative choices EX: blue and green, and tall-short
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A-B = 29% B-C=11% B-D=4%A-D = 21 %
ADD: A-C =18% C-D = 3%
What is the order of these genes?
• ANSWER: A C D B
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32. Names of the phases in meiosis:
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32. Names of the phases in meiosis:
Anaphase IAnaphase II
Prophase I
Metaphase IMetaphase II
Prophase II Telophase II
Telophase I
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#33 Structures of Prophase I
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Go to Back and do “Polygenic Inheritance” Worksheet
• Human Skin Shades
• Mulatto denotes a person with one white parent and one black parent, or more broadly, a person of mixed black and white ancestry. May also include Native American and other backgrounds.
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KNOW YOUR MATCHING
• Numbers of descriptions of offspring • phenotypic ratio
• Numbers of letters of offspring , TT, Tt, tt• genotypic ratio
• Trait that is expressed even if other trait is present
• dominant
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32. MATCHING (cont.)
• Trait that is only expressed if the dominant trait is not present
• recessive
• Alternative choices of a trait
• alleles
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32. MATCHING (cont)
• General description of a gene• trait
• Plant’s pollen fertilizes the same plant• self-pollination
• Plant’s pollen fertilizes a different plant• cross-pollination
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Can You Identify?
locus
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Compare egg and sperm:
• Egg forms one large egg and three smaller polar bodies
• Sperm form all the same size and shape
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What is the purpose of the Punnett Square?
• A. show the exact offspring
• B. show only dominant offspring
• C. predict the probability from a cross
• D. predict who will win the sperm lotto
• ANSWER: C
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Independent Assortment and Crossing Over
• Independent Assortment randomly segregates the alleles.
• Crossing-over breaks and reattaches chromosomes to make new gene arrangements.
• BOTH INCREASE DIVERSITY
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ESSAYS?
• Punnett Squares
• Monohybrid Cross
• Codominant or Incomplete Dominant
• Dihybrid Cross
Be able to write a genotypic and phenotypic ratio.