Genetics Review

Gregor Mendel is known as:

A. Father of BiologyB. Father of GeneticsC. Father of DNAD. Father of Science

B. Father of Genetics

Mendel conducted experiments on:

A. FlowersB. Fruit FliesC. Pea PlantsD. Worms

C. Pea Plants

Mendel’s experiments looked at _______ generations.

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

C. 3 generations (P, F1, F2)

What is heredity?

A. Passing on of characteristics to offspringB. Cell divisionC. Genetic CrossD. Genetic disease

A. Passing on of characteristics to offspring

What is genetics?

A. Study of lifeB. Study of DNAC. Study of chromosomesD. Study of heredity

D. Study of heredity

What are traits?

A. Inherited characteristics

B. Represented by allelesC. Controlled by genesD. All of the above

D. All of the above

A section on a chromosome that controls a specific trait:

A. Crossing over B. GeneC. NucleusD. All of the above

B. Gene

An alternate form of a gene

A. DNAB. GameteC. AlleleD. Chromosome

C. Allele

This trait can “dominate” or mask another allele.

A. Recessive TraitB. Dominant TraitC. GeneD. Allele

B. Dominant Trait

This trait is represented by CAPITAL LETTERS

A. Recessive TraitB. Dominant TraitC. GeneD. Allele

B. Dominant Trait

This trait is represented by lowercase letters

A. Recessive TraitB. Dominant TraitC. GeneD. Allele

A. Recessive Trait

This trait always gets masked (dominated) in a heterozygous hybrid

A. Recessive TraitB. Dominant TraitC. GeneD. Allele

A. Recessive Trait

What does genotype mean?

A. Appearance B. DNA sequenceC. Gene combinationD. A type of font

C. Gene combination

What does phenotype mean?

A. Appearance B. DNA sequenceC. Gene combinationD. A type of font

A. Appearance

The gene AA is an example of:

A. Homozygous recessiveB. Homozygous dominant C. HeterozygousD. None of the above

B. Homozygous Dominant

A person who is heterozygous (Aa) is also known as a ________.

A. CarrierB. Multiple allelesC. Incomplete dominanceD. Zombie

A. Carrier

A person who is heterozygous (Aa) is also known as a ________.

A. CarrierB. Multiple allelesC. Incomplete dominanceD. Zombie

A. Carrier

What genotype is only represented by a recessive trait?

A. AAB. AaC. aaD. None of the above

C. aa genotype

What genetic cross only uses one trait?

A. Monohybrid CossB. Dihybrid CrossC. Incomplete dominance D. None of the above

A. Monohybrid cross

What genetic cross uses two or more traits?

A. Monohybrid CossB. Dihybrid CrossC. Incomplete dominance D. None of the above

B. Dihybrid Cross

Two Heterozygous red flowers are crossed (white is recessive).

What are the genotypes of the parents being crossed?

A. RRB. RwC. ww

B. Rw

Two Heterozygous red flowers are crossed (white is recessive).

What are the genotypes of the offspring?

A. RR, RwB. RR, wwC. RR, Rw, wwD. All Pink

C. RR, Rw, ww

R w

R RR Rw

w Rw ww

Two Heterozygous red flowers are crossed (white is recessive).

What proportion of offspring are white?

A. 1/4B. 2/4C. 3/4D. 4/4

A. 1/4

R w

R RR Rw

w Rw ww

Dark hair is dominant to light hair and Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. A male that is heterozygous for both traits is crossed with a female that is heterozygous for Dark hair and blue-eyed. What are the genotypes of the parents being crossed? A. DDbb x ddbbB. DDBb x DdbbC. DdBb x DDbbD. DdBb x Ddbb

D. DdBb x Ddbb

Dark hair is dominant to light hair and Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. A male that is heterozygous for both traits is crossed with a female that is heterozygous for Dark hair and blue-eyed. In a cross of DdBb x Ddbb, what are the possible genetic combinations of parent #1. (Hint: Foil) A. DB, Db, dB, dbB. DB, dBC. DdBbD. DD, Bb, dd

A. DB, Db, dB, db

Dark hair is dominant to light hair and Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. A male that is heterozygous for both traits is crossed with a female that is heterozygous for Dark hair and blue-eyed. What proportion of offspring will have a phenotype of dark hair and blue eyes? A. 1/4B. 1/8C. 2/8D. 3/8

D. 3/8

DB Db dB db

Db DDBb DDbb DdBb Ddbb

db DdBb Ddbb ddBb ddbb

What is the law of segregation?

A. The formation of genesB. Each gene has two alleles that are separated (segregated) when gametes formC. Genes from different traits are inherited independentlyD. Defines DNA

B. Each gene has two alleles that are separated when gametes are formed

What is the law of independent assortment?

A. The formation of genesB. Each gene has two alleles that are separated (segregated) when gametes formC. Genes from different traits are inherited independentlyD. Defines DNA

C. Genes from different traits are inherited independently

What are multiple alleles?

A. More than one alleleB. Two allelesC. Three or more allelesD. All of the above

C. Three or more alleles

What is Incomplete Dominance?

A. Results in a phenotype that is the mixing of the two alleles.B. Results in a phenotype that expresses both alleles equallyC. Both A and BD. None of the above

A. Results in a phenotype that is the mixing of the two allels.

What is Codominance?

A. Results in a phenotype that is the mixing of the two alleles.B. Results in a phenotype that expresses both alleles equallyC. Both A and BD. None of the above

B. Results in a phenotype that expresses both alleles equally

A cross between a purebred animal with red hairs and a purebred animal with white hairs produces an animal that has both red hairs and white hairs.

Is this incomplete dominance or codominance?Codominance- traits are equal

R W

R RR RW

W RW WW

What are the genotypes for the parents? RW

What is the phenotype ratio of the offspring?

¼: Red2/4: Red and white patches¼: White

A cross between a purebred animal with red hairs and a purebred animal with white hairs produces an animal that is pink.

Is this incomplete dominance or codominance?Incomplete Dominance- Traits are mixed

R R’

R RR’ RR’

R’ RR’ RR’

What are the genotypes for the parents? RR’

What is the phenotype ratio of the offspring?

All Pink: 4/4

How many alleles found in blood type?

A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

C. 3- A, B, O

Which blood type alleles are dominant?

A. AB. BC. OD. Both A and B

D. Both A and B

What are the possible genotypes for Type A Blood?

A. AA, AaB. IAIA

C. IAIA , IAiD. IAIBC. IAIA , IAi

A cross between a heterozygous Type A person and a heterozygous Type B person

What is the genotype of each parent?IAi x IBi

IA i

IB IAIB IBi

i IAi ii

What proportion of offspring is Type B blood?

Type B blood: 1/4

What is a sex-linked trait?

A. Traits found on all chromosomesB. Traits only found on the X or Y sex chromosomesC. Traits that determine genderD. None of the above?

B. Traits only found on the X or Y sex chromosomes

Which gender can be a carrier to a disease causing allele located on the x chromosome?

A. Women (XX)B. Men (XY)C. They are both carriersD. None are carriers

A. Women: XXd , women have the advantage of having an additional X chromosome to save them from the disease. This allows them to be normal, but carry the second disease causing allele

Hemophilia is a genetically recessive disease on the X- Chromosome. A cross between a heterozygous woman and a heterozygous Type B person

If a carrier female and a normal male have children, what proportion of them will have the disease?

X Xd

X XX XXd

Y XY XdY

Disease: 1/4