ThünenBernd Degen Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, Germany
bernd.degen@thuenen.de
2018
2. Examples of reference data
3. Practical applications
Still DNA in wood
DNA is difficult to manipulate
Genetics can be applied on different scales => identify species, individuals and origin
Petit et al. (2002) Forest Ecology and Management 176: 595-599.
Bernd Degen 20184
2. Examples of reference data
Steps to create a genetic reference data set for tracking of origin
Sampling a few individuals with high DNA quality for gene marker development
Next Generation Sequencing => gene marker development (SSRs, SNPs)
Using existing samples + new samples for genetic screening
Data analysis – cleaning mistakes – adding samples
Application and blind tests
Genetic reference map for mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) in Latin-America
International co-operation - Germany: Thünen-Institute - UK: CEH, - Costa Rica: CATIE - USA: University Puerto Rico, - Brazil :
- INPA - Sao Paulo Forest Institute, - - Botanical garden Rio de
Janeiro
ITTO-Africa project on DNA and stable isotope timber tracking
01/02/2012 – 31/07/2015
16 partners
Objectives:
Genetic and stable isotope reference data for 3 African tree species (Ayous, Sapelli, Iroko)
Support genetic reference labs in Kumasi (Ghana), Libreville (Gabon) and Nairobi (Kenya)
Training workshops in Africa
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Milicia excelsa (Iroko)
2. Examples of reference data
Sampled individuals 1480 Countries 7 nSNPs 55 Genetic differentiation FST = 0.203; delta = 0.172; Self-assignment 55% (45% - 88%)
Our partners - University Brussels
Publications:
Blanc-Jolivet et al. (2017): CONS GEN RES, 9, 531-533
Dainou et al (2016): BMC Evolutionary Biology, 16, article nr. 259
Sampled individuals 1262 Countries 5 nSNPs 194 Genetic differentiation FST = 0.056; delta = 0.092; Self-assignment 76% (13% - 93%)
Our partners - Nature + (Belgium) - INRA (France)
Publications:
Degen et a. (2017) For Sci Int: Genetics, 27, 132-141
Blanc-Jolivet et al. (2018): CONS GEN RES, 10, 539-541
2. Examples of reference data
Sampled individuals 652 Countries 5 nSNPs 104 Genetic differentiation FST = 0.07; delta = 0.08; Self-assignment 61% (16% - 93%)
Our partner: University of Adelaide
Publications:
Bernd Degen 201810
Larix sp. (Larch)
2. Examples of reference data
Sampled individuals 1865 Regions 8 nSNPs top 13 out of 253 Genetic differentiation FST = 0.68; delta = 0.40 Self-assignment 80% (46% - 100%)
Publication:
Bernd Degen 201811
01/10/2014 – 31/10/2019
13 partners
Funded by German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) => 4.5 Million Euros
Objectives:
Genetic reference data for 7 African and 7 Latin- American tree species
Support genetic reference labs in Kumasi Ghana and Iquitos Peru
Training workshops in Africa and Latin-America
Hosting scientists for three months training courses
2. Examples of reference data
Bernd Degen 201812
3. Practical applications Thünen Centre of Competence on the Origin of Timber
Merged activities of the 3 Thünen-Institutes:
• Institute of Wood Science • Institute of Forest Genetics • Institute of International Forestry and
Forest Economy
Species identification
2013 => 160 2014 => 436 2015 => 399 2016 => 246 2017 => 256
oak, larch, merbau, mahogany, khaya, sapelli
From authorities, timber traders, NGOs
In 10%-20% of the cases doubts on the correctness of claims
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Better amplification of SNPs for wood than other gene markers
Often cross boarder gene pools and more than one genetic group within a country
For complex species groups => overlapping of species and geographic signals
Variable success rates for self-assignments among countries
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Combination of nSNPs, cpSNPs and mtSNPs
Adding reference data from underrepresented regions
Grouping of reference data according to genetic clusters and test against precise geographic claims
More robust statistical assignment approaches: Nearest neighbour approach (GeoAssign) + likelihood ratio tests
Bernd Degen 201816
Development of diagnostic gene markers for closely related species
Combine proofs of legality with proofs for sustainable forest management => smaller scales
Development of cost effective methods for SNP amplification for small numbers of requested tests
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Genetics: Results, experiences and challenges with large-scale genetic inventories of trees as basis for timber tracking
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