Genetic diversification and intensification: Experiences from

Kongwa and Kiteto, Tanzania Patrick Okori

ICRISAT

Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Malawi, 14-16 July 2015

Project sites

Kiteto district is found in the Manyara region with an estimated population of

152,757

Kongwa District is found in Dodoma Region. We are working in Mlali ward with a population of about 28,000 people

Partners

CGs-ICRISAT, ICRAF, IITA, NARS-ARI

Hombolo, Naliendele, Salien

PRC & SUA

• Develop and or validate technologies

Frontline development

agencies

• Nafaka (production and productivity)

• Tuboreshe Chakula (nutrition outcomes)

• Extension• Local Government

The Team: Core implementers

ContextDevelopment challenges• Under-investment in productivity

enhancing technologies.

• Limited access to technology and delivery–60-70% of households had not contact with research & extension;

• Limited access to agric. financing;

• Un-managed risks increase exposure to variability in weather patterns with periodic droughts;

Impacts• Low productivity of crops and

livestock –crop yield gaps>50%

• Fragile production to market systems.

• High vulnerability to weather and other natural disaster related challenges

• High levels of poverty and food insecurity:

• >35.5% live below the food poverty line

The research issuesFocus• Improve productivity of crops and livestock

• Reducing vulnerability to weather

• Minimizing health risk from crops to improve wellbeing and competitiveness

• What are the best technology packages that can catalyze improvement in productivity, resilience and value chain functionality for KK

ImpactEconomic and ecological rewarding pathways out of hunger and poverty improve prospects for for

smallholder families in Semi arid areas of central Tanzania

Output cluster 2

Technologies & approaches for delivering integrated innovations tested & validated

Activities1. New resilient varieties

tested and deployed. 2. Integrated cereal, legume

technologies. evaluated.3. ISF&W innovations tested.4. A costed framework for up

scaling.5. Options for poultry &

livestock production studied.

Output cluster 3

Options& technologies for improved nutrition and food safety tested & validated

Activities1. Aflatoxin prevalence

mapped.2. Pathogen dynamics

studied.3. Gender analysis of

agriculture enterprises done

4. Legume/cereal complementary feeding strategies tested.

5. Legume processing technologies tested

Output cluster 1

Clarified intervention options for intensification identified

Activities1. Baselines on post harvest

losses and food safety.2. Biophysical

characterisation of action sites.

3. Selected commodity value chains analysed.

4. Development domains appropriately mapped.

Output cluster 4

Options for partner-led dissemination of innovations explored

Activities1. Partners engaged for

aflatoxin mitigation.2. Partners trained on

aflatoxin management.3. Capacity developed for

aflatoxin diagnosis. 4. Communities engaged in IP

establishment. 5. Community learning and

action research systems initiated.

Outcome 1

Increased and stable crop productivity improve food, nutrition and income security

Outcome 2

Improved land productivity increased resilience and robust farming systems

Outcome 3

Improved health and nutrition enhance the quality of life & HH productivity

Modified from Montpellier Panel (2013)

Framing implementation: SI agenda for Kongwa & Kiteto

Deployment of ecological, genetic and socio-economic options

Innovation pathway

Yrs 1-2•Technology testing• site characterization

RO 1: Yield gap a driver of food insecurity

Average crop productivity (kg/ha) by crop and district

Crop Kongwa Kiteto Total Maize 782.3 623.4 753.3Sunflower 391.3 555.2 433.4Groundnut 608.9 450.8 529.9Pigeonpea 200.3 117.3 158.8Sorghum 323.5 207.2 314.6Bambara 332.7 160.6 295.1

• Productivity at 50% of potential yield for above crops• Farmers involved in extensive farming using mechanized agriculture

Kiteto and Kongwa• Frequent drought, poor nutrition are among the challenges faced by the

majority areas in target locations• Low adoption of priority crops, high yielding varieties and poor access to

quality seed

Crop Njoro Chitego Mlali Moleti LaikalaCereals/Millets

Maize √ √ √ √ -Sorghum - - - - √

Pearl millet - - - - √Legumes

Groundnut √ √ √ √ √Pigeonpea √ √ √ √ √

Bambara nut √ √ √ √ √

Crop varieties tested

Research output 2: On-farm evaluation of new varieties

PVS on groundnuts

New varieties increase yields by up to 3-4 fold

Varieties Yield (tons/ha)1. ICGV-SM 99568 0.55 0.442. ICGV-SM 02724 1.50 1.283. MANGAKA 0.73 0.354. PENDO 0.61 0.285.MNANJE 0.87 0.776. LOCAL LANDRACES 0.27 0.17

Innovation pathway

Theme 2On-farm evaluation of improved legumes and cereals; disease management, for SI integration

Resilient quality protein maize for KKHybrid Grain Yield (tha-1) No. of ears No. of Rotten

earsEar Aspect

T283-34 2.03 147.1 1.73 2.3T283-31 1.77 138.4 1.67 2.3T283-35 1.74 148.5 1.55 2.7T283-32 1.72 124.6 1.89 2.6T283-33 1.60 162.5 1.98 2.9Local check 1.11 85.0 2.21 3.3LISHEH2 0.91 87.6 1.25 3.0

KILIMAQH06 0.41 27.5 1.07 3.6

Grand Mean 1.41 115.2 1.67 2.83LSD (0.05) 0.44 24.45 3.10 0.40

AttributesDrought tolerant, high protein, >50% yield advantage

High yielding groundnut varieties for KK 2013-2014

Variety Grain yield(Kg/ha) % Gain over local

check

100 Seed Size(g) % Gain over local checkKiteto Kongwa Mean

Kiteto Kongwa Mean

ICGV-SM 02724 2546 2674 2623 122.1 54.6 53.7 54.1 60.3ICGV-SM 99568 1827 1386 1562 32.3 44.2 45.6 45.0 33.5ICGV-SM 03519 1650 1598 1619 37.1 45.2 36.9 40.2 19.2ICGV-SM 05650 2177 1870 1993 68.8 38.3 38.6 38.5 14.0

Local 1084 1246 1181 0.0 37.9 30.9 33.7 0.00ICGV-SM 01513 1698 1459 1555 7 35.0 30.4 32.2 -4.4

F. Prob <.001 <.001 <.001 0.007 <.001 <.001 CV 25.7 31.1 35.3 24.2 14 5.2

L.S.D 475.5 432.8 387.8 10.4 4.5 20.4

2014-2015: ValidationGenotypes Chitego Mlali Moleti Njoro Overall

RankICGV-SM 01513 741.88 679 315.38 0 5ICGV-SM 02724 1251.63 1530.25 883.63 84.88 1ICGV-SM 03519 756.88 960.5 584.25 597.5 2ICGV-SM 05650 980.63 655.75 409.5 150 3ICGV-SM 99568 896.5 474.5 305.5 106.25 4Local variety 409.5 154.75 168.13 221.63 6Mean 839.5 742.46 444.4 193.38 P.Value 0.0004 0.005 0.0055 0.096 S.E 114.6 191.2 104.2 86.2

Attributes:• 60% yield advantage• Large grain confectionery• Amenable to some multiple

cropping

Entry Kernel yield (kg/ha)

Days to 50 % flowering

Plant height (cm)

Overall pest score

Overall disease score

15 4605 65 152.5 1.60 4.416 4185 67 134.9 1.53 4.344 3842 67 129.7 2.01 3.63 3812 66 128.2 2.07 3.0

25 3646 65 152.3 2.51 3.012 3062 66 122.3 1.40 3.01 2680 66 146.4 2.18 5.6

F. Prob 0.871 0.65 0.217 0.787 0.879

Mean 3086 68.87 135.7 2.013 3.96

S.E.D 1070 4.703 30.13 0.7778 1.701

High yielding sorghum varieties tested

Attributes• The highlighted material combine are high yielding and early• Biomass for livestock (taller plants)• Disease tolerant

Highly productive pigeonpea evaluatedVariety Grain yield(Kg/ha) % Gain over

local check

Kiteto Kongwa Mean

ICEAP 00040 900.8 709.9 773.5 156.0ICEAP 00557 539.7 740.6 673.6 122.9ICEAP 00936 444.4 702.1 616.2 103.9ICEAP 00554 432.5 635.2 567.6 87.9ICEAP 00932 388.9 603.9 532.2 76.2ICEAP 00933 440.5 560.8 520.7 72.4

LOCAL 174.6 365.8 302.1 0.00F.Prob <.001 0.001 <.001L.S.D 162.9 167.9 146.8

Attributes• Medium duration 6 month• Multiple cropping amenable• Market class seeds

New pearl millet varieties for KK tested

The highlighted material combines high yielding ability and earliness

Entry Grain yield (kg/ha)

Days to 50 % flowering

1000 seed mass (g)

Overall disease score

16 3105 51.7 13.5 2.2712 2975 51.3 14.2 3.1514 2769 53.0 13.5 3.5513 2759 53.8 15.2 4.1522 2704 54.6 14.0 3.5523 2669 52.9 12.0 3.089 2622 50.6 12.6 5.132 2511 51.3 13.9 1.808 2476 54.3 14.7 1.561 2456 51.6 15.4 3.1311 2384 53.7 13.8 2.77F.Prob 0.002 <0.001 0.019 0.325

Mean 2306 54.8 14.65 3.133

S.E.D 471.5 2.46 2.97 1.439

Maturing technology clustersImproved legumes + cereals underpin technology clusters1 Productivity enhancement

a) Augmented cropping options • Double up legumes (Leguminous crop + fodder tree)• Resilient varieties + judicious soil fertility/water management + crop

architecture b) Land productivity

• Ecological land and soil management for feed and food

c) Crop/poultry production systems for food, fertility and incomes

2 Health and Nutrition • Community based aflatoxin management options

Moving forward

Seed components National performance and release Food safety: Mycotoxins Integration: Augmented cropping systems Diversification

Improved functionality of national seed systems for scaling up & out

Improved system productivity

Increased & equitable income

Alternative approaches tested to support informal

seed systems

National seed strategies & roadmaps developed &

deployed

Strengthening of breeder & foundation seed production

Formal outlet chains strengthened

Food security

Pathways for input delivery: PPP model

Knowledge dissemination pathwaysLeveraging adopters as lead farmers/linkage farmers

Researcher trains extension officers

Extension officers trains farmer- to-farmer trainers

Farmer trainers trains other (20-30) farmers through FFS

Establishment of result demonstrations

Technologies Lead farmers /direct beneficiaries

Poultry &livestock 62

ISFM 293

Crop technologies 600

Soil and water 100Nutrition 100

Mature technology clusters

Lessons learnt1. Integration. Complex institutional and operational relationships.

Varied biophysical contexts Socio economic contexts: Power relationships and resource endowments

May affect of success and the scale of deployment.

2. Scaling out technologies: Leverage alliances tech. dissemination and knowledge dissemination Explore Synergies (for example traditional + radio ICTS- approaches) Technologies with low interest from private sector

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