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Transcript of Generation of 1
8/3/2019 Generation of 1
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4G TECHNOLOGY
GENERATION OF TECHNOLOGY
4G TECHNOLOGY:
When talking about 4G, question comes to our mind is what is 4G Technology.
4G is short for Fourth (4th) Generation Technology. 4G Technology is basically
the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and services offers in the
3G. But at this time nobody exactly knows the true 4G definition. Some people
say that 4G technology is the future technologies that are mostly in their maturity
period. The expectation for the 4G technology is basically the high quality
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audio/video streaming over end to end Internet Protocol. If the Internet Protocol
(IP) multimedia sub-system movement achieves what it going to do, nothing of this
possibly will matter. One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC²Mobile
multimedia, anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, integrated wireless
solution, and customized personal service.
TECHNOLOGY OF 4G:
Many Technologies appear in many different flavours and have many diverse tags
attached to them, but that does not really indicate that they are moving in dissimilar
tracks. The technologies that fall in the 4G categories are UMTS, OFDM, SDR,
TD-SCDMA, MIMO and WiMAX to the some extent.
WiMAX:
WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access previously
worked as fixed wireless facility under the 802.16e band. Now the modified
standard 802.16m has been developed with the properties of speed, wide spectrum,
and increase band.
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4G has an advantage of having the WiMAX as a product because IEEE introduces
and releases it already therefore economic as no need to pay for its manufacturing
price. 4G supports two basic equipments;
y WiMAX Network system (network infrastructure)
y mobile phone set
Smart phones with Wireless Access are going to be introduced in the market are
the model 4G mobiles. These smart phone are equipped with the wireless internet
accessibility and no fear of losing connection while travel from one tower to
another tower range.
Based on the IP wireless connectivity, it increases the optimization for the internet.
It manages the voice through packet-switching instead of circuit switching. Internetconnectivity with specific IP not only increases the speed but also reliability of the
sending and receiving of data.
LTE:
As LTE is compatible with 3G technology so it not only increases the speed but
also prevents the need of new network and can work through the same
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infrastructure. LTE will not only support the functions of 3G but also incorporate
some newer ones. LTE is using MIMO (Multiple input multiple output) able to
send and receive huge data negative in the sense that it will overload the base
stations networks. While seeing the working methodologies of both technologies
considered to be the standards of 4G,the future is of mobile business.
Some of the other Technologies:
UMTS:
Fourth-Generation universal mobile telecommunications system, often abbreviated
4G UMTS, is a wireless telecommunications data transfer standard. Though there
are a number of devices that claim to use 4G UMTS, the original standards set by
the International Telecommunication Network are not yet met by these devices. 4G
UMTS uses many of the same devices and much of the same infrastructure as
Third-Generation UMTS (3G UMTS).
UMTS, sometimes referred to as wideband code division multiple access
(WCDMA), uses Internet protocol (IP) technology to connect wireless users with
the Internet. First developed in the 1990s, UMTS is a reliable network that is
frequently used to transmit data and voice.
OFDM:
OFDM stands for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing; it¶s a
technology that provides the operator to beat the challenges of Non-Line-of-Sight(NLOS) transmission in the more efficient manner. Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform put forward the advantage of
functioning with the larger delay spread of the NLOS background.
OFDM is designed to send data over hundreds of parallel streams, thus increasing
the amount of information that can be sent at a time over traditional CDMA
networks
Another radio technology with tremendous potential for helping solve spectrumchallenges is OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). OFDM is a
modulation technique, depicted in the following graphic, which uses many sub-
carriers, or tones, to carry a signal.
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OFDM has some key advantages over the common wireless access technology
known as CDMA, which is used in many of today¶s 3G cellular networks. To
begin with, it is more robust, which means that it provides better performance incluttered areas with many reflections (multipath). It also allows for simpler
receivers.
Software-defined radio (SDR)
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SDR is one form of open wireless architecture (OWA). Since 4G is a collection of
wireless standards, the final form of a 4G device will constitute various standards.
This can be efficiently realized using SDR technology, which is categorized to the
area of the radio convergence.
MIMO:
In radio, multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO is the use of multiple
antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. It is one of several forms of smart antenna technology. Note that the
terms input and output refer to the radio channel carrying the signal, not to the
devices having antennas.
MIMO technology has attracted attention in wireless communications, because it
offers significant increases in data throughput and link range without additional
bandwidth or transmit power. It achieves this by higher spectral efficiency (more
bits per second per hertz of bandwidth) and link reliability or diversity (reduced
fading). Because of these properties, MIMO is an important part of modern
wireless communication standards
ISSUES RESOLVED IN 4G:
y It is considered to embed IP feature in the set for more security purpose as
high data rates are send and receive through the phone using 4G mobile
technology.
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y 4G mobile technology is going to be able to download at a rate of 100Mbps
like mobile access and less mobility of 1GBps for local access of wireless.
y The implementation is in progress to avoid the call interference in case of
data download from a website. It will propose 128 Mbps downlink data rate
and 56Mbps uplink data rate which is an extra ordinary step in 4G mobile
technology. The service will limit as the availability of hotspot is condition
for the internet connectivity.
y LTE is intended to incorporate in 4G mobiles. It is also a wireless
technology for the broadband access. The difference between WiMAX and
LTE is that LTE goes for the IP Address. It follows the same TCP / IP
concept inherited from networking technology. Restricted for the IP
addresses it will provide great security as well as high data transferability,
avoid latency, having the ability to adjust the bandwidth. LTE is compatible
with CDMA so able to back n forth the data in between both networks.
y Third generation mobile phones having the features of high speed datatransfer rate, mobile internet, video calling, MMS, SMS, Bluetooth and
gaming are very thrilling. 3G mobile technologies have been developed into
iPhone presently with added features is known as Smartphone. Now people
are breathtakingly waiting for the 4G mobile technology.
APPLICATIONS:
VIRTUAL NAVIGATION AND TELEGEOPROCESSING:-
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You will be able to see the internal layout of a building
during an emergency rescue. This type of application is some time referred to as
µtelegeoprocessing¶.
A remote database will contain the graphical representation of streets, buildings
and physical characteristics of a large metropolis. Blocks of this database will be
transmitted in rapid sequence to a vehicle, where a rendering program will permit
the occupants to visualize the environment ahead. They may also µvirtually¶ see the
internal layout of buildings to plan an emergency rescue or engage hostile elements
hidden in the building
.
TELEMEDICINE:-
A paramedic assisting a victim of a traffic accident in a
remote location could access medical records (X-rays) and establish a video
conference so that a remotely based surgeon could provide µon-scene¶ assistance.
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CRISIS MANAGEMENT APPLICATION:-
In the event of natural disasters where the entire
communications infrastructure is in disarray, restoring communications quickly is
essential. With wideband wireless mobile communications, limited and even total
communication capability(including Internet and video services) could be set up
within hours instead of days or even weeks required at present for restoration of
wire line communications.
ADVANTAGES OF 4G:-
1. Support for interactive multimedia services like teleconferencing and wireless
Internet.
2. Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates.
3. Global mobility and service portability.
4. Scalability of mobile network.
5. Entirely Packet-Switched networks.
6. Digital network elements.
7. Higher band widths to provide multimedia services at lower cost(up to 100
Mbps).
8. Tight network security