Generation Grammars in Design. http: .

Generation Grammars

inDesign

http: www.shapegrammar.org

Languages

● natural● music, art, design● formal – mathematics, logic● programming

● types

● components

● semantics – meaning / function● syntax – structure/form

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Syntax

● primitive elements● letters, phonemes

● alphabet

● vocabulary● words, phrases, sentences

● grammar● legal composition of vocabulary● rules, operators

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Semantics● derived from syntax

● from vocabulary within a context

● dictionary lookup not sufficient

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Grammars

● rules or operators

● define legal operations on syntax

● how vocabulary can be composed

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Grammars for generation

● generate legal structures

● may be meaningless

the house ate the purple aardvark

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Grammars equivalence

● rewrite rulesX → Y

● production systemsif conditions then consequentsif X then X and Y ≡ X → X, Y

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Rewrite rules exampleM I

M I U M I I

M I U I U M I I U M I I I I

M I U I U I U I U M I I U I I U M I I I I U M U I

R1 R2

R2 R1 R2

R3R2 R2 R1

R1: * I --> * I U R2: M * --> M * * R3: * I I I # --> * U #

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Linguistic paradigm of design

● syntax● vocabulary: components, assemblies● grammar: composition rules

● semantics● function: purpose, what object does

design can be discussed as operations within a language

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● problem

● grammars● from initial state● apply grammar rules successively● produce legal designs

● Universe of Discourse (UOD)

Generation

what configuration of design elements willconstitute a design solution with a satisfactory performance

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● Stiny 1980● introduction to shape grammars

● language of forms● spatial forms● vocabulary – maximal lines

● four components● finite set of shapes● finite set of symbols● finite set of shape grammar rules● initial shape

Shape Grammars

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Shape Grammars Example

Rule R2

Rule R1

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R2

Rule R1

Rule R2

R1 R1

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R1

Rule R1

Initial shape

R1 R1

R1 R1

R1

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Polygon Constructive Rule

Rule R1

single general rule – negative vectors

+

+ +R1 R1

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● shape grammars● tables● blocks● Palladian villas● Frank Lloyd Wright Houses

● set grammars● EAVE● Glenn Murcutt

Examples ofDesign Grammars

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shapegrammars

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shape grammars

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● specific vocabulary● elements, materials

● specific grammar● composition

Style

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● state of a cell and its neighbours● 1-D, 2-D, 3-D● simple rules – cell survives or not

● Game of Life

Cellular Automata

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Cellular Automata

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1-D 2-DVon Neumman

r = 1

2-DMoore r = 1

Cellular Automata

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Wolfram, S. (2002). A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media Inc., Champaign, IL.

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Cellular Automata

Wolfram, S. (2002). A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media Inc., Champaign, IL.

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Cellular Automata

Kicinger, R. F. (2004). Emergent Engineering Design: Design Creativity and Optimality Inspired by Nature, PhD Dissertation, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA

● meaningful design solutions● grammars syntactic only

● methods● exhaustive search● satisficing - optimization● evolutionary approach

● Generate and Test● simple approach

Control of Generation

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● Dawkins● biomorphs

● evolutionary programming

● shape grammars + evaluation

Evolution

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creative design ?

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Generation Grammars in Design. http: .

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