Generating Strategic Optionsand

Exploring Distributional Impacts

Final workshop of the DISTILLATE programme

Great Minster House, London

Tuesday 22nd January 2008

Peter Jones

UCL

1

ObjectivesObjectives/Indicators

(7)

Assess problems (8)

Possible instruments (9)

Predict impacts (12)

Compare solutions (13)

Implement (15)

Evaluate performance (15)

Monitor (15)

Barriers (10)

Possible strategies (11)

Optimisation (14)

Appraisal (13)

Scenarios (11)

• To develop option generation methods• To enhance the range,

innovation and quality of options

• For strategies and schemes

Four Option Generation Products

Strategies Schemes

‘Inside’ the box

Packages of urban measures

[KonSULT]

Streetspace main road redesign

(Bloxwich)

‘Outside’ the box

Accessibility Planning options

(Barnsley Dearne)

Community space design

(Blackpool)

Four Option Generation Products

Strategies Schemes

‘Inside’ the box

Packages of urban measures

[KonSULT]

Streetspace main road redesign

(Bloxwich)

‘Outside’ the box

Accessibility Planning options

(Barnsley Dearne)

Community space design

(Blackpool)

KonSULT: Generating Packages of Measures

• KonSULT is a web based knowledgebase developed at the University of Leeds

http://www.konsult.leeds.ac.uk• Assesses potential contribution of over 40 transport

and land use policy instruments, to achieving a range of objectives/ addressing problems

• Uses both a first principles assessment and review of case studies

• Provides information about previous applications of selected instruments

KonSULT Developing Option Generation

Component

• The option generation tool has been developed to allow users to interrogate the information within the KonSULT database and develop packages of policy instruments

• Users define their local circumstances and requirements, and the software then scores instruments in terms of their suitability – in two steps:

Step 1

Uses information within KonSULT to assess each policy instrument, based on the criteria supplied by the user. Scores and then ranks each one. Accessible at:

http://www.konsult.leeds.ac.uk/new/private/level2/filter.php

Step 2

Takes data from Step 1 and adds information on synergy or barriers to create potential packages of pairs of instruments.

Add on available from c.e.kelly@its.leeds.ac.uk

Input Criteria for Step 1

Example Output Step 1

Step 2 (Packages)

• .xls spreadsheet model

• Uses output from step 1• Individual can select / unselect the indicators

to be included in packages • It creates a ranking of pairs of indicators using

the combined score of the two policy instruments from step 1 and then modifies this score using either the synergy or barrier matrices

Example Output Step 2

Accessibility Planning Options

Development of several techniques:

• To assist with problem diagnosis as well as option identification

• Some designed for use with local residents

• Others designed for application by sector professionals

• Includes consideration of distributional impacts

Resident Discussion Groups:Existing Access Patterns

Resident Discussion Groups:Exploring Options

Professional Workshops:Investigating Spatial Strategies

Professional Workshops:Developing solutions to access problems

Defining Type of Service ProvisionService Provision

What Hospital Outpatients

Home Service/Delivery

Telephone/ Internet

Mobile Service

Local Service

Direct Public Transport Access

Public Transport Access via Interchange

Saturday

Sunday

When

Monday-Friday

At Home

In Villages

In Wider Area

Where

Add service

Reset 6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM

Add service

Reset 6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM

6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM

Add service

Reset

General Problems Relating to Residential Location

Direct Access by Public Transport

Access via Interchange by

Public Transport

At Home In Villages

Wider Area

Information, Quality and Availability

Walking and Street Environment

Cost of Transport

Public Transport

Interchanges

Add Access Issue

Add Access Issue

Add Access Issue

Add Access Issue

Add Access Issue

Limited Availability of Local Fresh Food

Personal security concerns – groups hanging around

Can’t use pass on different operators on same route

Low frequencyLack of evening services

Uncertainty about making connection

Clear List

Clear List

Clear List

Clear List

Clear List

Previous Sheet

Suggested Solutions

Suggested Solutions

Suggested Solutions

Suggested Solutions

Suggested Solutions

Solutions: Known Options

Walking and Street Environment

Problems Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3Pavements not suitable for buggies and wheelchairs (too narrow or pavement parking)

Widen footways Ban pavement parking and enforce Designate priority walking routes, with better physical conditions, maintenance and enforcement

Cars drive too quickly on residential streets

Introduce physical speed reduction measures: speed humps, chicanes

Use of regulations: 20 mph speed limits, give way at junctions, park on alternate sides of street

Enforcement of speed limits

Unsafe crossing places at junctions

Provide informal crossing facilities: refuges, speed tables

Provide zebra, pelican or puffin crossings

Unsafe crossing places at bus stops/stations

Provide informal crossing facilities: refuges, speed tables

Provide zebra, pelican or puffin crossings

Resite bus stops to safer locations

Personal security concerns – poor lighting

Improve lighting levels and colour Remove potential hiding places and improve sight lines

Personal security concerns – groups hanging around

Provide community wardens Improve leisure facilities for young people

School sessions, to encourage more responsible behaviour

Solutions: More Open Options

Re-DEFINE types of services provided?– Align more closely to customer needs

Re-LOCATE points of service delivery?– Become closer to customers/users

Re-TIME patterns of service delivery?– Align with customer timing needs

Re-FRESH services?– To improve quality

CO-OPERATE with other agencies?– ‘Joined-up’, seamless service delivery, for

better efficiency and effectiveness

Distributional Impacts

• For different groups of people

• For different residential locations/public transport service patterns

• For different sector agencies

Constraints: Older PeopleType of Person

Service Hospital Outpatients

Monday to Friday

1 Full fare travel

1 Home carer

Service Hours

Older person

Child/Adult Care Constraints

Personal Constraints

Type of constraint

Available Time

Add Constraint Delete...

6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM

6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AMDelete...Add Constraint

Previous Sheet

6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM

6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM

Constraints: Young Families

Monday to Friday

1 Shift work

1 Children to school

1 Children after school

Service Hours

Child/Adult Care Constraints

Personal Constraints

Type of constraint

Available Time

Add Constraint Delete...

6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM

6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AMDelete...Add Constraint

6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM

6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM

Problems Relating to Location:Public Transport Timings

Distributional Impacts: Agencies

• Sectors work to tightly drawn targets, or profit seeking criteria

• Efficiency savings are sometimes based on externalising internal costs

• So, changes in service delivery patterns in one sector can have (negative) impacts on others

Cross-sector Impacts

Close School:

Consolidate Sites

• Better educational provision

• Efficiency savings

• Larger numbers of pupils at one site

• Fewer walk or cycle

• More go by car

• More go by bus/train

• Greater risk of bullying

• Intimidation in surrounding streets

• Greater risk of bullying

• Intimidation in surrounding streets

• Further travel distances for some

• Loss of after-school activities at closed site

• Reduced physical exercise

• More traffic around school:- congestion- accidents

• More pupils on buses:-crowding- intimidation

• Fewer social/ leisure activities

• Greater anti-social behaviour

School Closure/ConsolidationKEY:

Benefit to Sector

Disbenefitto Sector

SECTORS:

Education

Policing

Health

Transport

Consequences

Questions?

ContactProfessor Peter Jones

Centre for Transport Studies, UCL

peter.jones@ucl.ac.uk

Tel: 020 7679 0478

www.distillate.ac.uk