General Taxation

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    1.COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS vs. MARINASALES, INC .- Motion forconsideration

    Category:General Taxation

    COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS vs.

    MARINA SALES, INC .- Motion for

    Reconsideration

    ISSUE:

    Is a Motion for Reconsideration from the decision of a division of the Court of Tax Appealsmandatory prior to elevating the case to the Court of Tax Appeals en banc?

    HELD:

    YES. The use of the term must clearly indicates that the requirement is mandatory and not

    merely directory. There is no exigent and persuasive reason (such as relieving a litigant of

    injustice) to relax the rules in this case.

    2.MERCURY DRUG CORPORATION VS. CIR- Tax

    Credit

    Category:General Taxation

    MERCURY DRUG CORPORATION VS.

    COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL

    REVENUE- Tax Credit

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    FACTS:

    Mercury Drug granted 20% sales discount to qualified senior citizens on their purchases of

    medicines. They subsequently filed a refund for taxable years 1993 and 1994 given that the thenprevailing rule allowed that the sales discounts be claimed as tax credits.

    ISSUE:

    Is the claim for tax credit to be based on the full amount of the 20% senior citizen discount or

    the acquisition cost of the item sold?

    HELD:

    The tax credit should be equivalent to the actual 20% sales discount granted to the senior

    citizens. The previous ruling of the CTA that the tax credit is based only on the cost of the

    discount which was interpreted to cover only direct acquisition cost, excluding administrativeand other incremental costs, was struck down by the Court.

    N.B. The March 3, 2008 case of M.E. Holdings Corporation vs. CIR & CTA clarified that therule will be -- (i) prior to March 21, 2004 (effectivity of Expanded Senior Citizens Act) the

    discounts are treated as tax credit; (ii) after March 21, 2004 the same are treated as deductions.

    3.PHILIPPINE AMUSEMENT AND GAMING

    CORPORATION VS. BUREAU OF INTERNAL

    REVENUE

    Category:General Taxation

    PHILIPPINE AMUSEMENT AND

    GAMING CORPORATION VS. BUREAU

    OF INTERNAL REVENUE

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    ISSUE:

    Is Republic Act 9337 constitutional insofar as it excluded PAGCOR from the enumeration of

    GOCCs exempt from the payment of corporate income tax?

    HELD:

    YES. The original exemption of PAGCOR from corporate income tax was not made pursuant to

    a valid classification based on substantial distinctions so that the law may operate only on someand not on all. Instead, the same was merely granted due to the acquiescence of the House

    Committee on Ways and Means to the request of PAGCOR.

    The argument that the withdrawal of the exemption also violates the non-impairment clause will

    not hold since any franchise is subject to amendment, alteration or repeal by Congress.However, the Court made it clear that PAGCOR remains exempt from payment of indirect taxes

    and as such its purchases remain not subject to VAT, reiterating the rule laid down in the Acesite

    case.

    4.REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10143 - PHILIPPINE TAXACADEMY

    Category:General Taxation

    REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10143 - PHILIPPINE

    TAX ACADEMY

    >Serves as a learning institution for tax collectors and administrators of the government andselected applicants from the private sector.

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    >It shall handle all trainings, continuing education programs and other courses for all officials

    and personnel of the BIR, BOC, and BLGF. All existing officials and personnel of the said

    agencies shall be required to undergo the re-tooling and enhancement seminars and trainingprograms.

    >The Board of Trustees will be composed of representatives from the DOF (ex officio

    Chairman), BIR, BOC, BLGF, and 3 representatives from the academe with at least 5 years ofteaching experience. The first 3 will be Presidential appointees.

    5.ABAKADA GURO PARTYLIST vs. PURISIMA-

    Attrition Act of 2005, R.A. No. 9335

    Category:General Taxation

    ABAKADA GURO PARTYLIST vs.

    PURISIMA- Attrition Act of 2005, R.A. No.

    9335

    FACTS:

    Petitioners question the Attrition Act of 2005 and contend that by establishing a system of

    rewards and incentives when they exceed their revenue targets, the law (1) transforms theofficials and employees of the BIR and BOC into mercenaries and bounty hunters; (2) violates

    the constitutional guarantee of equal protection as it limits the scope of the law to the BIR and

    BOC; (3) unduly delegates to the President the power to fix revenue targets without sufficient

    standards; and (4) violates the doctrine of separation of powers by creating a CongressionalOversight Committee to approve the laws implementing rules.

    ISSUE:

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    Is R.A. No. 9335 constitutional?

    HELD:

    YES. R.A. No. 9335 is constitutional, except for Section 12 of the law which creates a Joint

    Congressional Oversight Committee to review the laws IRR.

    That RA No. 9335 will turn BIR and BOC employees and officials into bounty hunters and

    mercenaries is purely speculative as the law establishes safeguards by imposing liabilities on

    officers and employees who are guilty of negligence, abuses, malfeasance, etc. Neither is theequal protection clause violated since the law recognizes a valid classification as only the BIR

    and BOC have the common distinct primary function of revenue generation. There are sufficient

    policy and standards to guide the President in fixing revenue targets as the revenue targets are

    based on the original estimated revenue collection expected of the BIR and the BOC.

    However, the creation of a Joint Congressional Oversight Committee for the purpose of

    reviewing the IRR formulated by agencies of the executive branch (DOF, DBM, NEDA, etc.) is

    unconstitutional since it violates the doctrine of separation of powers since Congress arrogated

    judicial power upon itself.

    6.Authority of the Internal Revenue Officer to MakeArrests and Seizures

    Category:General Taxation

    An internal revenue agent who make arrests and seizures for violation of internal

    revenue laws or regulations assume the category of peace officers and are,

    therefore entitled to the privileges of such officers under the Revised Penal Code

    and Rules of Court. (U.S. vs. Viado, 39 Phi l 10)

    Revenue agents have no authority to search, without a warrant, a business establishment for

    supposedly fraudulent records. But they are empowered to seize said records, discovered in the

    course of their investigation, pursuant to Sec. 15. (People vs. Rubio, 57 Phil 886)

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    Pursuant to SEc. 15, only the commissioner, etc. are authorized to arrest and apprehend

    suspected tax evaders and therefore, the BIR is without authority to authorize any person to help

    in in apprehending susoected tax evaders. (BIR Ruling No. 10, Jam 1, 1992)

    7.BIR Commissioner may revoke, repeal or abrogate the

    acts or previous rulings of his predecessor

    Category:General Taxation

    An administrative officer such as the BIR Commissioner, may revoke, repeal or abrogate

    the acts or previous rulings of his predecessor in office-- the construction of a statute bythose administering it is not binding on their successors if, thereafter, the latter becomes

    satisfied that a different construction should be given. (Philippine National Oil Company vs.Court of Appeals, 457 SCRA 5, July 14, 2005)

    8.Retroactive Application of rulings and circulars, rules and

    regulations promulgated by the CIR

    Category:General Taxation

    Rulings and circulars, rules and regulations promulgated by the Commissioner of Internal

    Revenue would have no retroactive effect application if to so apply them would be prejudicial to

    the taxpayers.

    Instances when retroactive application will still be allowed even if prejudicial to the taxpayer:

    1. A taxpayer deliberately misstates or omits material facts from his return or any documentrequired by the BIR

    2. Where subsequent facts gathered by the BIR are materially different from which the ruling isbased.

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    3. Where the taxpayer acted in bad faith. (Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Benguet

    Corporation, 495 SCRA 5, July 14 2006)

    9.Sources of Revenues (Taxation)

    Category:General Taxation

    Sources of Revenues; the following taxes are national internal revenue taxes:

    1. Income Tax

    2. Estate and donor's taxes

    3. Value-Added tax

    4. Other percentage taxes

    5. Excise taxes

    6. Documentary Stamp taxes

    7. Such other taxes as are or hereafter may be imposed and collected by the Bureau of InternalRevenue

    10.Authority of Officers to Administer Oaths and TakeTestimony

    Category:General Taxation

    The Commissioner, Deputy Commissioners, Service Chiefs, Assistant Service Chiefs, RevenueRegional Directors, Assistant Revenue Regional Directors, Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs of

    Division,Revenue District Officers, special deputies of the Commissioner, internal revenue

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    officers and any other employee of the Bureau thereunto especially deputized by the

    Commissioner shall have the power to administer oaths and to take testimony in any official

    matter or investigation conducted by them regarding matters within the jurisdiction of theBureau. (Sec. 14)

    In the absence of showing of materiality, and in the absence of any particularity in specifyingwhat is wanted by a subpoena commanding him toproduce his commercial books will be

    sustained. (Sy Jong Chuy vs. Reyes, 59 Phil 244)

    11.Powers and Duties of the Bureau of Internal Revenue

    Category:General Taxation

    1. Assessment and collection of all national revenue taxes, fese and charges;

    2. Enforcement of all forfeitures, penalties, and fines on internal revenue taxes, fees and charges;

    3. Execution of judgments in all cases decided in its favor by the Court of Tax Appeals and theordinary courts; and

    4. Give effect and administer the supervisory and police powers conferred to it by the Tax Codeand other laws. (Sec. 2, NIRC)

    12.Powers of the Commissioner on Internal Revenue

    Category:General Taxation

    Powers of the Commissioner on Internal

    Revenue

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    1. To interpret tax laws and decide tax cases;

    2. To obtain information, and to summon, examine and take testimony of persons;

    3. To make assessments and prescribe additional requirements for tax administration and

    enforcement;

    4. To conduct inventory - taking, surveillance and to prescribe presumptive gross sales andreceipts;

    5. To terminate taxable period;

    6. To prescribe real property values;

    7. To inquire into bank deposit accounts;

    8. To accredit and register tax agents;

    9. To prescribe additional procedural or documentary requirements; and

    10. To delegate power to subordinates. (Sec. 4 to 8, NIRC)

    13.Authority of a Revenue Officer

    Category:General Taxation

    Authority of a Revenue Officer

    As amended by R.A. 8242, Sec. 13 requires the issuance by the Revenue Regional Directors of a

    Letter of Authority before a Revenue Officer may examine a taxpayer within the revebue district"in order to collect the correct amount of tax due or to recommend the assessment of any

    deficiency tax". (Sec. 13)

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