GENERAL S^AFETY - lead · 2018. 4. 16. · GENERAL S^AFETY HANDBOOK EXCLUSIVE OF WIRE PRODUCTS...

$: GENERAL SÂFETY - lead · 2018. 4. 16. · GENERAL SÂFETY HANDBOOK EXCLUSIVE OF WIRE PRODUCTS SHOPS AND. WORKS SERVICE BRANCH l{e,gtern Eleclrk,::::: olo4ll) stk't" AUGUST. t946$
GENERALSÂFETYHANDBOOK

EXCLUSIVE OF

WIRE PRODUCTS SHOPS

AND.

WORKS SERVICE BRANCH

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A U G U S T . t 9 4 6

HAWTHORNE WORKS: cnrLeco. LINcoLN, sr. PAUL

Preferred Customer

compliments of BellSystemleadpoisoning.com

The Central Safety Committee wishesto extend its sincere appreciation to theWorks supervisors Engineer of Manufac-ture Organizations, and the many othersfor the valuable aid rendered in making thishandbook possible .

First Issue-January, 1940Second Issue--April, 1941

Reprinted June, 1941Third Issue-April, 1942Fourth Issue - July, 1942

Fifth Issue - January, 1943Sixth Issue-April, 1943

Seventh Issue-September, 1943Eighth Issue-February, 1 9 4 4

INDEXPage No.

Acid DippingAcid Handling ...........................................................

ii

Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7Buffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Burring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ::By Products Manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Cable-See “Safety Handbook-WireProducts Shops”

Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chisels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..h. . . . . . .

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3 3

Degreasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6DieCasting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2Die SettingDrilling ...................................................................

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Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Finishing Metal and Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Fire Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Forge ShopFoundry

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Goggles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Grinding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;zHammers 85HandTools’:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: iiHeading Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Health Suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Hoists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3Home Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inspection-Punch Press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

iz

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

INDEX - ContinuedPage No.

Jacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Jointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

y&&s.......................................................................................................

71

Lifting 1: it

MachinesBurring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Heading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :;Lathes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4Milling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Punch Press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4Saws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 0Screw, Hand and Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Slotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiThreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Mail and Messenger Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lOlMaterial IIandling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

zR;;;;Tw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Transferring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ziMedical Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Mihl$-@gMachines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Brass, Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0Rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Office Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Oxygen Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9

Planers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Pliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5PoisonsPg.sh~

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

iy

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Punch PressPunch Press Inspection

.................................................... ;i

. INDEX -ContinuedPage No.

Receiving Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Reclaiming Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Rod aud Wire Mill--See “Safety Handbook-

Wire Products Shops”R0Pe.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rubber Shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Safety Shoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Safe Loads For Manila Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Safe Working Loads For Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Sawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Scratch Brushing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21ScrewdriversScrew Machines.::::: ............................................ t ;Shapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8Shears-Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Shoes-Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slotting Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i;&m;;ng ..lO 5

................................................................... . 74Special Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2Storag+M.aterial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Table Saws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 0Tamhit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4Threading Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tools, Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii;Transferring Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8Trucking, Electric-See “Safety Handbook

for Operators of Industrial Trucks”Trucking,Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8Wgelmz, Acetylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Butt, Flash and Spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

Wire Products--See “Safety Handbook-Wire Products Shops”

Woodworking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5Works Service Branch-See Safety Handbooks

for Works Service BranchWrenches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5

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1. INTRODUCTION

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1.1 The rules and regulations outlined herein areprimarily for the protection of yourself and yourfellow employees. This booklet is in no way intendedto supersede the responsibility of the supervisor. Itis issued to impress everyone with the necessity forexercising the greatest care and judgment at all times,so as to reduce the chances of suffering due to acci-dental injury to himself and his fellow employees.1.2 The Company, by means of competent medicaland surgical treatment, safety and health bulletins,safety devices, and by various other means, is con-stantly endeavoring to do its part in this importantwork, but in a large measure any ultimate success isdependent upon your interest and cooperation. Yourhelp, therefore, is earnestly solicited so that real andsubstantial progress may be made in reducing acci-dents and their attendant suffering.

1.3 It is the policy of the Western Electric Com-pany so far as possible, to install guards on machinesrequiring them and in dangerous places in orderto make all operations as safe as practical. Usethese devices: they are installed for your protection.Guards can, however, only prevent some of our in-juries. Many of them are caused by using defectivetools, by neglecting to use safety appliances, and byneglecting to follow the safety rules and the super-visor’s instructions, all of which can be placed underthe heading of carelessness or neglect. That is whereyou can help. If you will read, and follow the gen-eral rules in this booklet. as well as those applyingto your particular job, more will be accomplished

.

than can be done by all the guards in the Plant.Failure to do this may cost you or a fellow employeea serious injury.

1.4 For electric truck operation see “Safety Hand-book for Operators of Industrial Trucks.”1.5 For Works Service Organization see “SafetyHandbook-Works Service Branch.”

1.6 For Wire Products Shops see “Safety Hand-book-wire Products Shops.”

1.7 For elevator operation see “Safety Handbookfor Elevator Operators.”

WHEN WEARING HAIR PROTECTIONREMEMBER TO COVER ALL THEHAIR. EXPOSED CURLS IN THEFRONT ARE THE MOST APT TO GET

CAUGHT.

2

2. MEDICAL SERVICE2.1 Medical service is available at all times, dayand night, 7 days a week. Report any injury to yourimmediate supervisor at once, who will make ar-rangements for you to go to the hospital for treat-ment. If at any time when away from the plant youhave need of medical or surgical aid for an injurywhich you received while at work, call Lawndale5000 or Cicero 500, ask for the hospital, and tell ofyour case.

In the event of an injury to an employee assignedto work away from the plant, medical treatment shallbe secured at once at the most convenient location.Employee will be reimbursed for any expenses in-curred in obtaining treatment.2.2 Do not neglect any minor injuries, such assmall cuts, bruises, scratches, burns and foreign ob-jects in the eye. No injury is too small to requireproper care. In case of a more serious accident, re-port at once to the hospital. Have someone go withyou.2.3 After each treatment return the hospital passto your immediate supervisor.2.4 Regardless of how trifling your injury mayseem it MUST be reported. The hospital and itsstaff are at your disposal. Let them decide the seri-ousness of your injury. A very trifling scratch maydevelop into a serious infection that will cause youuntold suffering.2.5 Homemade bandages are a source of infection.A makeshift or non-sterile bandage may be worsethan none at all. Let the hospital attendants treatyour injury.

DON’T TRY TO SAVE TIME OR MA-TERIAL AT THE RISK OF PERSONAL

INJURY - YOU CAN’T WIN ,i3

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3. GENEBAL

3.1 - All operations have been carefully investigatedto determine those which_require protdctive golgles,clothing, etc. Authorized personal protectivl i-tlmiare listed in Manufacturing Stpndard 16,000, whichis in the possession of supervisors.

TILTING A CHATR BACKWARDS tS HAZARDOUS

5

3.2 When entering the Company grounds walk onthe sidewalk. Be careful when crossing the streetsand passageways. Walk, never run when within the

3.3 ‘To enter buildings use entrances, stairwaysand elevators assigned for that purpose.3.4 Always remember that there is danger of fall-ing when using stairs; never run up or down. Keepyour hands out of your pockets at all times whenon stairs, and always keep one hand on the rail, sothat you can catch yourself if you should stumble ortrip.3.5 Do not work with any defective equipment.Report it to your supervisor immediately. Work safe-ly, do not take chances.3.6 Never wear loose clothing or jewelry that isapt to be caught in machinery, and do not weargloves unless they are authorized by your supervisor,in accordance with Manufacturing Standard 16,000.3.7 Never use an air hose to clean clothing or tokeep cool in hot weather. Many serious injurieshave resulted from this practice, since air releasedat high pressures is dangerous if it hits the body incertain ways.3.8 Never play jokes on anyone with an air hose.This has caused fatal injuries. In fact, any kind of“horseplay” is dangerous, as is proved by the manyinjuries that have resulted from it.3.9 Do not hesitate to caution a fellow workerwhen he is in danger of being injured. Careful menrecognize dangerous conditions and warn others towork safely. But warn him in such a manner as notto startle him, causing him to become excited andthus more prone to injury.3.10 Assist in keeping drinking fountains clean.

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Preferred Customer

streets.

3.11 Drinking water from any source except theregular drinking fountains is prohibited as the ser-vice water may be impure.3.12 For your own protection, never use any ma-chine you have not been taught to operate, and donot operate any machine, apparatus or tool that hasnot been turned over to you by the supervisor. Lackof knowledge in the proper handling of equipmentmay cause an injury.3.13 Unless repairing and maintaining electricalmachinery, wires and apparatus is part of your job,you must not tamper with them in any way what-soever.3.14 You are expected to practice Good Housekeep-ing. Keep aisles clear of all material. Carelessnessin this regard may cause a serious injury.3.15 Do not perform any chipping operation unlessyou are wearing goggles and are provided with ashield to chip against so as to prevent injury toyourself and fellow workmen.3.16 The use of celluloid for eye shades, sleeve pro-tectors, etc., is prohibited as celluloid is highly flam-mable.3.17 Never leave dirty, greasy rags or waste inthe pockets of your overalls, in lockers or on ma-chines, as they may take fire from spontaneous com-bustion. Put them in the refuse cans provided forthat purpose.3.18 When using a grinding wheel, wear propergoggles. Make sure that the tool rest is adjusted sothat it is l/l6 in. from the wheel to prevent partsfrom catching between the tool rest and the wheel.Always look through the glass guard while grindingto protect your eyes and face. When a grinder guard

I SAFETY ON THE JOB MEANSHAPPINESS IN TEE HOMB

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becomes pitted, cracked, broken, or out of adjust-ment, report it to your supervisor.3.19 When in doubt take the safe course. If thereis the slightest question about any of the generalrules or safety practices do not hesitate to consultyour supervisor-and thus avoid the possibility of aninjury. Form the safety habit - it is a good one.3.20 The carrying of matches is covered by “Manu-facturing Department Instruction” 75.10 1H para-graph 3.14 4 as follows:

“Employees shall not be permitted to use orcarry sulphur, brimstone or parlor matches inthe buildings. The company will provide safetymatches for employees, when needed for theirwork.”

Wherever suitable, mechanical lighters are furnishedfor use.3.21 Handle waste, rags, and industrial towels withcare because of possible concealed sharp objects,pins or needles. When waste or rags become oil-soaked or greasy, store them in metal containers inorder to reduce the danger from fire.3 .22 In case of accidental spattering of acid or al-kali on any part of the body, and particularly in theeyes, wash it off immediately with plenty of water.Quick action is very essential to prevent burns orlimit their severity.3 .23 Never put anything hot, such as a smolderingpipe, in your pocket.3 .24 Walk to the right side of aisle to permit pas-sage of industrial trucks.3 .25 Use pedestrian doors where specially provided.3.26 When looking at arc welding use proper eyeprotection, because of the danger to your eyes fromharmful rays.

I INJURIES CAN BE PRE.VENTEDIF YOU DO YOUR PART

10

3.?7 Vapors of gasoline, naptha, benzine, petroben_zo,I, xylene, ,toluo.l a-nd similar solvents ari

-explosive

wnen ruxed with the proper amoUnts of air.- Theseliquids should be handled- accordingly.--

----

l:2j,^f:l"ble cotton (nitro cellqlose) is extremelyexplos:rve ryhet dly, and should always be wet dowirwrr,n denatured alcohol. A metal sampling instru_ment should never be used; instead the simpie shouldbe secured with bare hands.

CLEAR ATSLES ARE SAFE AISLES

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3.29 Do not use acetone for washing your hands,bench or other fixtures. Acetone is highly flammableand serious burns may result should you contacta spark.3.39 Fire doors and fire windows should not beblocked open, as this will prevent them from closingautomatically in case of fire.3.31 Respect smoking privileges during rest andlunch periods by depositing cigarette stubs in recep-tacles provided for them. Throwing them on thefloor not only is obnoxious from an appearancestandpoint, but has been the cause of serious injuries.

4. FIRST AID

4.1 There is an ever increasing need for knowl-edge in giving emergency treatment to the injured.Traffic accidents which often occur miles from med-ical aid result in the greatest number of accidentaldeaths and injuries. Often a life can be saved byimmediately applying some simple treatment. In-juries and fatalities in the home are as numerous asthe appalling number of traffic accidents. Do notallow yourself to yield to that helpless feeling at thescene of an accident because you are unable to ren-der efficient aid to a friend or a member of yourfamily who may be injured. You owe it to yourselfand others to be prepared to give first aid in caseof injuries. The satisfaction in knowing how to treatan injured person in an emergency without wastingprecious minutes cannot be measured in terms oftime spent in learning first aid.

AVAIL YOURSELF OF THE FIRST OPPORTU-NITY TO RECEIVE FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS.

OVER 1200 EMPLOYEES ENROLLED IN ONESEMESTER IN 1941. THERE HAVE BEEN OVER20,000 FIRST AID GRADUATES AT HAWTHORNE.

T H E BEST SAFETY DEVICE KNOWNIS A CAREFUL WORKER

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5. GOGGLES

5.1 Goggles are furnished by the Company with-out charge. They are used to protect the eyes from:

1. Flying objects and molten metal.2. Injurious light and heat rays.3. Acids and other corrosive liquids.4. Dust and wind.

5.2 Goggles issued to one individual are not to beworn by anyone else.5.3 When watching welding operations protectyourself with proper goggles and other protectiveequipment.5.4 Goggles which have become broken or defec-tive, do not fit, or are unsatisfactory in any way shallbe reported at once to your supervisor, who will ar-range to have necessary corrections made.5.5 Ordinary spectacles are not sufficient pro-tection and should not be worn in place of goggles.If you are wearing spectacles and require goggleprotection, take the matter up with your supervisor.5.6 When striking steel against steel you must pro-tect your eyes by wearing goggles.

6. SAFETY SHOES

6.1 Safety shoes for men and women are obtain-able in a number of styles and are similar to othershoes except for a concealed toe cap which will with-stand a heavy impact. The wearing of safety shoeshas prevented many serious foot injuries and allemployees are urged to wear them.6.2 Safety shoes may be purchased at cost in theSafety Shoe Store at the south end of Building 36-3

YOU CAN SEE THRU GLASS GOGGLESBUT NOT THRU GLASS EYES

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7. POISONS

7.1 Because of the possibility of contaminationfrom poisons, do not eat your lunch in any locationwhere any of the following processes are being car-ried on: plating, dipping, buffing, lacquer spraying,japan spraying, painting, brass moulding, reclaim-ing lead covered cable, or any process where injuri-ous gases or fumes may be present in harmful quan-tities.7.2 Do not eat within 30 feet of hardening equip-ment or other cyanide receptacles, and do not drinkfrom a glass, cup or pail located within that area,since there is a possibility of the food or water be-coming contaminated with the poison.7.3 If you work with or in the immediate vicinityof a poisonous substance, wash thoroughly and rinseout your mouth before eating.7.4 Do not wash your hands in flammable liquid,

such as gasoline, benzine, alcohol, kerosene, etc.Serious burns might result should you come in con-tact with a spark or flame while the hands and armsare wet with them.7.5 Do not wash your hands in degreaser solvent,carbon tetrachloride, or any other non-flammablesolvent. Absorption through the skin and local ef-fects may cause illness or serious skin trouble.7.6 Completely denatured alcohol is a poison iftaken internally. Rinse your hands after handling it.

8. CLOTHING

8.1 When working in the vicinity of moving ma-chinery do not wear loose fiting jackets, flowingties, or finger rings. Roll your sleeves above the el-bows. Short sleeves are best. Roll overall legs ifthey touch the floor.8.2 Do not wear greasy overalls or overalls fullof paint, as they may catch fire. Have them washedor dry cleaned.8.3 Protect your feet. Keep your shoe soles in good .

repair. A thin sole is poor protection against nailsand sharp objects. Safety shoes will help preventfoot injuries. They may be purchased in the SafetyStore, Bldg. 38-3. c8.4 When gloves are required always wear the ?kind specially provided for the work by your super-visor.

- -

8.5 Use only the personal protective apparel thatyour supervisor knows about and approves.8.6 Wear each item of personal protective apparelwhich is issued to you in such a way as to securemaximum protection from it. It will do little goodunless worn properly.8.7 Approved women’s work clothing may be pur-chased at cost on a weekly payroll deduction planat the Safety Store, Bldg. 38-3.

9. ACID DIPPING(Including Handling & Inspection)

9.1 Before starting to work with acids or alkaliesfamiliarize yourself with the nearest supply of cleanwater. Special showers are provided for this pur- !pose in some locations, and tanks of fresh water areavailable in most locations.

If acid or alkali should splash on any part ofthe body, wash it immediately with clean water inlarge quantities. If the acid or alkali is splashedon the clothing, run the water inside the clothing,rather than on it. If in the eyes, flush immediatelywith plenty of water, using the drinking fountain ifconvenient. Then report to your supervisor.9.3 If your work exposes you to utototomaterials such as

REPORT UNSAFE CONDITIONSTHINK OF

YOUR FELLOW-WORKERS

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acids, alkalies, etc., your supervisor will furnish def-inite instructions and such safety clothing as may beauthorized in Manufacturing Standard 16,000 foryour protection.9.4 Always wear the items of personal protectiveequipment and clothing designated by your super-visor.9.5 If you work with or near poisonous substances,you must wash thoroughly and rinse your mouth be-fore eating.9.6 Lunches shall not be eaten or kept in a roomwhere any of the following processes are being car-ried on, due to the possibility of some of the poisonsbeing absorbed by the food: plating, acid and alkalidipping or other operations where injurious mate-rials or fumes may be present in harmful quantities.9.7 Special precautions are necessary in handlingconcentrated sulphuric acid. Dilutions should al-ways be made by pouring the acid into the water.Never pour the water into the acid, as this generatesheat and may cause violent spurting.9.8 Alkalies should be mixed with water or othersubstances in vessels which will not be broken bythe generation of heat.9.9 All acid container: should be plainly labeled,so that anyone handling the containers may be fullyaware of the necessity for care.9.10 Rubber gloves used in handling acids or al-kalies should be washed in vater before taking themoff, to remove all traces of the chemicals and pre-vent possible burns when removing gloves.

10. POLISHING, BUFFING- AND SCRATCHBRUSHING MACHINES

10.1 A machine in which the spindle is loose in thebearing shall not be used. This is particularly im-portant when using large polishing wheels or buffs.10.2 Polishing and buffing wheel-, shall be prop-erly balanced and true before being used.

21

10.3 Rag buffs shall not be put on while machinesare in full motion. There is danger of having the fin-ger caught between the buff and the threads of thespindle.10.4 In “cutting down” operations on buffs, thepart shall be held firmly, and not be allowed to getabove the center of the buff where it might be pulledout of your hands.10.5 Keep exhaust duct valves open when ma-chines are in operation.10.6 Buffs, scratch brushes and polishing wheelsshall be clamped securely to shaft of motor beforethe machine is started.10.7 1 1When the buffing or polishing wheel does ,not extend to the end of spindle, see that the spindleguard is in place. This precaution will avoid pos-sible injury through accidentally coming in contactwith the tapered end or threaded portion of the shaft.10.8 In buffing or polishing objects with sharpedges or corners be sure the edges or corners do notcut across the wheel face, especially at a point abovethe center line of the spindle as the wheel maycatch and tear the object from your grasp. Workbeing buffed should be so held that if it is caught,it will be thrown away from you instead of towardyou.10.9 Front or top guards on polishing machinesshould be adjusted as close to the wheel as possible, 1 ’’so that any metal particles carried around by themomentum of the wheel will be deflected beforethey have a chance to f l y out and injure you.10.10 Always wear goggles and wind adhesive tapeon the fingers when working on polishing and buff-ing wheels. Use gloves only when directed by yoursupervisor.

BE CAREFUL WHEN OFF THE JOBSO YOU CAN STAY ON THE JOB

22

10.11 Goggles shall be worn and tips of fingers shallbe protected with tape or a suitable glove when op-erating scratch brush wheels.10.12 Ordinary spectacles are not sufficient pro-tection in place of goggles. If your vision requiresspectacles you must wear goggles with prescriptionlenses or coverall goggles.

11. SANDBLASTING

’ 11.1 Report to your supervisor all sandblast cabi-nets which are not completely and tightly enclosedas a protection against sand or steel grit.11.2 Protect your eyes with goggles and yourhands with rubber gloves.11.3 Window glass in the cabinet shall be keptclean and replaced whenever it becomes frostedenough to obstruct vision.

,12. GRINDING

12.1 Be especially careful when grinding narrowtools, as they are apt to catch between the rest andthe wheel.

I 12*2 Work-rests on grinders and emery wheelsshould be adjusted close to the wheel. To preventthe work from catching between the rest and thewheel, the gap should no: exceed l/16 of an inch.They should be securely clamped after each adjust-ment.12.3 It is unsafe to adjust a work-rest while thegrinding wheel is in motion. The rest may slip andbreak the wheel.12.4 Only those authorized to do so shall mount,inspect, or care for grinding wheels. All wheelsshould be given the “ring’ test before they are mount-ed on machines.12.5 See that the grinding wheel fits easily on thespindle. It is dangerous to force it or, nor should itbe too loose.

2 3

Sleitsb evea dittl

should not be thicker than l/8 inch. If flangeswith babbitt or lead facings are used, the thicknessof the babbitt or lead should not exceed l/8 inch.The diameter of the washers shall not be smallerthan the diameter of the flanges. Blotting paperwashers should not be removed and replaced by rub-ber or leather washers, as soaking a wheel in waterin order to loosen the paper washer, or scraping it,is very apt to destroy or weaken the bond and causeother damage. All surfaces of wheels, washers andflanges in contact with each other should be freefrom foreign material which would interfere withthe even distribution of pressure between the flangesand the wheel.12.7 When tightening the nuts on grinding spin-dles, take care to tighten them only enough to hold thewheel firmly; otherwise the clamping strain is aptto damage the wheel or associated parts,12.8 After a wheel is mounted, allow it to developfull operating speed for at least one minute, mean-while stand to one side and out of danger. Neverapply the work until this speed test has been madeand the wheel has been properly dressed. Under nocondition should the wheel revolve faster than thesafe R.P.M. recommended by the manufacturer asshown on the label.12.9 Do not force work against a cold wheel, butapply it gradually, giving the wheel an opportunityto warm, thus reducing the chance of breakage. Thisapplies to starting work in the mornings in coldrooms and to new wheels which have been stored ina cold place.12.10 Avoid whenever possible using the side of anemery wheel for grinding unless the wheel is de-signed for side grinding as this weakens the wheeland may cause it to burst-a very dangerous happen-

A CHANCE TAKER ISAN ACCIDENT MAKER

2 5

ing, since the centrifugal force of the rapidly re-volving wheel gives the flying pieces the momentumof a discharged bullet. Do not abuse the wheel byapplying excessive pressure.12.11 Wheel dressers, except the diamond type,shall be equipped with guards over the tops of thecutters to protect against flying pieces, broken cut-ters, or wheel particles.12.12 Keep the guards in place and the damper openon machines equipped with an exhaust system. Makesure the guard does not touch the wheel.12.13 Always wear goggles and protect your fingertips with tape when operating disc grinders, andgloves when operating flexible shaft grinders. Lookthrough the glass guards-never under or over them.Do not use discs that overlap the plates. Trim thepaper flush with the edge of the plate at the time ofmounting to the disc. Make sure the disc is tighton the plate before using.12.14 See that glass guards over pedestal grindersare always clean and free from cracks, and that theglobe is clean.12.15 Abrasive sheets on disc grinders should bereplaced when they become frayed or torn. Whenthe sheets are in such a condition, the work is aptto be caught and torn from the hands.12.16 Avoid contact of hands or fingers with rotat-ing wheels in center-less grinders. Be especially care-ful when putting in or removing work.12.17 A wheel used in wet grinding should neverbe allowed to stand partly immersed in water. Thewater-soaked portion will throw the wheel ‘dan-gerously out of balance.

YOU MAY SMILE AT SAFETY, BUT YOUCAN’T LAUGH OFF AN ACCIDENT

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13. VERTICAL PRESS BRAKES13.1 Before attempting to operate a press ascer-tain that both safety levers are working and thatthe foot treadle does not operate the press until thetwo levers are operated.13.2 Be sure to stay clear of long parts that areforced up when a bend is being made; the portionmoving up is apt to strike your arm or head. Stepto one side while the part is being formed.13.3 Before operating the press be sure that yourhelper, if you are using one, is clear of the part be-ing formed and has his hands a safe distance fromthe machine.13.4 On jobs requiring an interrupted stroke besure that the machine is set for the interruptedstroke.13.5 Do not attempt to repair defective bends ina press brake. See your supervisor.13.6 If you are in doubt about any phase of thejob see your supervisor. Do not take chances.13.7 Use soft metal pliers when feeding smallparts. Hard metal pliers will shatter and pieceswill fly if they are struck by the brake.13.8 Use gloves only when instructed to do so byyour supervisor in accordance with ManufacturingStandard 16,000.

14. FINISHING METAL AND WOOD14.1 Use sandpaper blocks on wood and metal sur-faces to prevent possible skin abrasions and otherhand injuries while sanding.14.2 Discarded oily and greasy waste and ragsshould be kept immersed in water in standard, ap-proved, self-closing receptacles. Other flammablematerials should be kept in approved receptacles,containers or cabinets. Flammable liquids, such asturpentine, naphtha, lacquer, lacquer thinner, etc.,should be stored and handled in approved safetycontainers.

27

14.3 Flame or spark-producing equipment shouldnot be used in rooms specifically assigned to woodfinishing, metal finishing or spraying.14.4 When staining by the dipping method wearyour goggles.14.5 When spraying be sure the exhaust fan isworking. Fume type respirators should be wornwhen spraying in large open hoods except whenotherwise authorized by your supervisor. Do notuse a respirator that has been worn by another in-dividual until it has been properly sterilized.14.6 Never use waste, rags or paper for corkingup cans or barrels; use corks or caps provided forthat purpose.14.7 The inside and outside of the spray boothsshall be kept clear of all materials, equipment andutensils not required in the immediate operationsof spraying.14.8 While being sprayed, all parts shall be en-tirely inside of the spray booth, so that the surround-ing air may not be contaminated by the sprayingsolution. When using the turn-table be sure that thework is balanced properly.14.9 Be sure that you use the right holding fixturefor the part being sprayed.14.10 No portable lamps shall be used in spraybooths, because of the fire hazard from electricsparks.14.11 When booths are so equipped, hinged de-flectors on the upper edge of the face of booth shallbe dropped down into position while material is be-ing sprayed.14.12 Clean and used rags in the vicinity of spray

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booths where flammable liquids are used shall bekept in metal receptacles.14.13 Spray booths used for spraying lacquer shallnot be used for spraying paints, japan, etc., unlessthe hood and ducts are thoroughly cleansed, exceptwhen the booths are of the water baffled type.14.14 Keep the spray booth as clean as possible.Cover the sprinkler head with a small paper bag, re-placing it daily. Scraping residue from hoods shallbe done only with non-sparking tools. The scrap-ings and sweepings shall be placed in metal recep-tacles containing water. While cleaning interiors ofbooths watch carefully for loose sheet metal, sharpcorners and protruding rivet heads which might in-jure you.14.15 Care shall be taken that chemicals and solu-tions do not get into the mouth or into cuts andsores, as their ingredients may be poisonous.14.16 Avoid placing the hands in any solutions un-necessarily, except as specifically directed by yoursupervisor.14.17 Do not wash your hands in alcohol, benzine,turpentine, acetone, etc. These liquids are highlyflammable and serious burns might result if a sparkor a gas flame should ignite them on your hands orarms.14.18 The fire and accident hazard in this kind ofwork is far greater than that in many other depart-ments. Therefore, you should by all means learnwhere the nearest fire alarm and extinguisher are,and how they work.14.19 In case of fire sound the alarm and have someone notify the supervisor at once.

IT TAKES LONGER TO REPORT ANINJURY THAN TO PREVENT ONE

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15. FOUNDRY

15.1 No free phosphorus shall be used in any mix-ture because of its self igniting qualities except un-der the personal direction of your supervisor.15.2 Phosphoring alloys such as phosphortin, phos-phor copper, etc., may be used as occasion requires.15.3 Special care shall be taken to see that flasksand weights are dry, free from rust, and in good re-pair before they are used, otherwise the mold mayblow when being poured, causing personal injury.15.4 Do not catch molten metal in a hand ladlewhen the trolley ladle is under the cupola spout, asthis may cause the molten metal to splash.15.5 Special care shall be taken to see that stir-ring rods are perfectly dry, free from rust and thor-oughly warmed before using; otherwise the moltenmetal may blow and cause an injury.15.6 Do not pour metal upon hard wet surfaces orcarry it over or near such surfaces. Pools of wateron the pouring floor must be carefully removed toprevent spattering of molten metal from spills or“run-outs.”15.7 When pouring, the feet should be kept as faraway from the danger of run-outs as possible.15.8 Left-over metal shall be poured on a dry softfloor of sand or in dry warm ingot molds free fromrust.15.9 Wear “Congress” shoes, goggles and leggings /as specified by your supervisor. This equipmentshall be worn while tapping, carrying or pouring imolten metal. It shall also be used on other opera-tions as directed by the supervisor. 115.10 Keep your portion of the bench or floor inan orderly condition. Keep your sand heap cleanand free from foreign particles.15.11 Do not leave molding equipment, such as gag-gers, gate sticks, nails, rapping bars, clamps, shov-els, etc., in a position where they are tripping hazards.15.12 Wear your goggles when pouring, grinding,

chipping, shifting weights, breaking up, transport-ing hot metal or performing other operations, as di-rected by the supervisor.15.13 Clothing that constitutes a fire hazard, suchas celluloid eye-shades and visors, shall not be worn.If you feel that you are not fully protected, have atalk with your supervisor, who will be glad to con-sider any suggestions you may have.15.14 Cupola Tenders. Avoid over-pouring or spill-ing hot metal on floor, as this creates metal sliverswhich are apt to be picked up later by others han-dling the sand.15.15 Gas-Core Ovens and Other Equipment. Ifyou are in doubt as to the manner of lighting a fur-nace or oven, consult your supervisor. Never take achance.15.16 If a gas leak is detected, notify your super-visor at once.

16. FORGE SHOP16.1 Wear goggles and other protective clothing asdirected by your supervisor in accordance with Man-ufacturing Standard 16,000 while working in or abouta forge shop.16.2 Where there is a considerable amount of ham-mering, there are apt to be flying chips. Power ham-mer operators and helpers shall thoroughly under-stand each other’s movements while forging parts,so that none may be injured due to failure to co-ordinate. Have a pre-arranged signal which every-one understands and use it.16.3 Tongs shall always be held at the side in casethe blow of the hammer should force the part offthe anvil. Should this occur with the end of the

INSPECTION POINTS THEWAY TO PROTECTION

3 1

*

tongs pointing directly toward you, a serious in-jury might result.16.4 Do not permit observers to stand within thedanger zone of your work.16.5 Other employees making studies in these lo-cations shall wear goggles and other protective cloth-ing as prescribed. Warn them.16.6 Flatters, formers, chisels and sledges shall beannealed as required to prevent hardening. Headsshall be dressed to prevent mushrooming.16.7 Wear your gloves whenever possible.16.8 When not in use, the ram of the hammer shallalways be down so that it can not drop.16.9 Always use tongs that fit the part. If one isnot available or if you are in doubt about any otherphase of your work, see your supervisor at once.Don’t take chances.16.10 Be sure that the part being forged is securelyheld. If necessary use a ring to lock the tongs.16.11 Keep hot metal parts off the working floor,so that no one will step on them and be burned.

17. DIE CASTING17.1 No one shall approach the die casting ma-chines while they are in operation unless he is wear-ing side screen or coverall goggles.17.2 Side screen goggles and double palm glovesmust be worn when you are operating a die castingmachine.17.3 Always shut off the machine power whenit is necessary to polish the die, remove stuck cast-ings or gate, and while anyone is doing any workbetween stationary and movable dies. If this is done,no one can be injured should the machine be trippedaccidentally.17.4 Always use the special type long handledbrush when oiling, and the air hose when blowingout dies, so that it will not be necessary to insert\

3 2

your hands and incur the possibility of an injury.17.5 Remove castings from dies with special tongsprovided for the purpose. Never remove castingsby hand unless the machine power is shut off.17.6 Make certain the guards are properly set overthe nozzle heater and plunger before starting themachine.17.7 Call your supervisor’s attention immediatelyto a sticking or loose plunger.17.8 Make a daily check of the safety mechanismcontrolling the opening and closing of the machine.17.9 Check machine guards daily.17.10 Check the safety mechanism of core pullersdaily.17.11 Be sure that dies are clean and tightly closed.17.12 Never force the operating air lever.17.13 Do not make a “shot” if the motor is notoperating the oil gear pump, since the oil pressurekeeps the die closed and prevents the hot metal fromspurting.17.14 Keep the machine well oiled and greased.17.15 Handle parts carefully when placing them ina container.

18. CRANES AND HOISTS

18.1 The capacity is marked on all hoisting equip-ment. Do not overload it.18.2 Before starting to hoist, be sure that thereare no kinks in the chain, cable, or rope.18.3 Inspect the cable hooks often. When one be-comes bent do not straighten it, as it has been weak-ened; use another.18.4 Keep the points of the cable hooks sharp.

PREVENTION BEATS CURE1

3 3

18.5 Keep from under a lifting crane or hoist, assomething might give way.18.6 In taking hold of boxes with cable hooks, besure the hooks are securely fastened into the boxand that no loose objects are on top of the box.18.7 Crane operators should take signals from oneman only.18.8 Only the authorized operator shall operate acrane.18.9 Before opening or closing the main controlswitch, be sure that all controllers are in the off po-sition.18.10 If power goes off, move all controllers im-mediately to the off position, so that the crane willnot start unexpectedly when the power returns.18.11 When leaving the cab, throw the controllersto the off position and open the main switch.18.12 When moving a crane or hoist, keep the loadand chains clear of men and material below.18.13 Always lift carefully and slowly to avoidsnapping the chains.18.14 Always ring the warning gong when carry-ing loads over aisles or where men are working.18.15 Be sure to have the crane or hoist centeredabove the load to be picked up, so that the load will .not swing when lifted.18.16 Test the hoist brake on every maximum loadby throwing the controllers to the off position afterthe load has been lifted a few inches. If the brakedoes not hold, the load should be lowered at once,and the supervisor notified.18.17 The cab must be kept free of clothing, tools orother articles not needed for the operation of thecrane. This will prevent the possibility of stumblingor accidentally knocking something out of the cab Iand hitting someone below. I18.18 Avoid making side pulls with a hoist that ismade for lifting. This causes the load to swing as itleaves the floor and increases the hazards.

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18.19 Keep guards and safety devices in proper con-dition.18.20 Do not insert a bolt or nail in a chain to short-en it, the bolt may break or slip and cause an acci-dent.18.21 No one should ever ride the load, as seriousinjuries have resulted from this unsafe practice.18.22 See that tools, such as screwdrivers, pliers,wrenches, or other bars of material, are not left onthe beams, the floor of the cab, or along the rails.They may fall or be knocked off and cause injuryto someone.18.23 The crane and all of its working parts, in-cludine the chains. etc.. shall be inspected periodi-cally. This is done by the Works Service Organiza-tion. If you observe or detect any irregularities ordefect in-any of the equipment? cease operations andnotify your supervisor immediately.18.24 Each crane cab is equipped with a rope, whichshall be used for descending from the crane onlyin case of an emergency.

19. INSPECTION

19.i Frequent inspection should be made of alltools, gauges and handling equipment as they maybe dangerous when not in good condition.19.2 When inspecting for loose or stripped screws,hold parts so that if the screwdriver slips it will notinjure the hand.19.3 Screwdrivers with rounded or broken edgesor splintered handles should not be used. They aredangerous.19.4 Watch for sharp burrs on screws and appara-tus. Do not use your fingers when checking forburrs or attempting to remove them, as you may cutyourself.19.5 Obtain help in lifting large or heavy boxesand crates. (See Pages 40 and 41 on Lifting.)

3 5

19.6 All extension lights should be equipped withguards.19.7 Inspect test cords for defective insulation.19.8 Use only insulated test cords equipped withsafety push buttons in making 500 volt tests.19.9 Do not tape down push buttons on test cords,as there is danger of electrical shock from the ex-posed tips.19.10 When push buttons are in normal position,steel points should not protrude from the insulatedhousings.19.11 When in doubt if the current is on, press thepush button down and touch the steel points together.If the bell rings, the current is on.19.12 Do not make 500 volt tests on metal coveredbenches, because of the possibility of receiving anelectrical shock.19.13 Always turn off the power when you arethrough using it, so that no one will receive an elec-trical shock through assuming that the power isshut off.19.14 No one except those authorized shall workupon electrical machinery and wiring circuits.19.15 Report any defective equipment to your su-pervisor.19.16 In breaking string or light twine be carefulnot to cut your fingers or hands. It is better to usea knife or scissors.

Purchased Materials Inspectors19.17 In the inspection of sheet paper and similararticles, care should be taken to avoid cutting yourhand on the sharp edges of the paper. When work-ing on chemicals and acids, follow the instructionsunder Acid Dipping, Item No. 9, and Handling Acids,Item No. 34.19.18 When working on acids and chemicals pro-vide yourself with respirator, leather apron, rubbergloves, goggles and a pail of water for washingaccidental spattering. Two men should always be

36

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assigned to this work. Care should be taken neverto allow water to spill into any container of acid,due to the possibility of violent spurting.19.19 When taking samples from the tank cars, doso only under protection of a flagman against trainmovements. When taking a sample of flammableliquids, gasoline and naphtha, do so only under pro-tection of a fireman.19.20 In sampling acids always use a vacuum pump,as it does not force pressure into the carboy or con-tainer.19.21 Never inspect poisonous, explosive, chemicalor flammable materials except under specific writ-ten instructions covered in the layout.19.22 When sampling material in freight cars, usecare to assure yourself that there is no train traffic.19.23 When sampling carboys of acid, never use thetilt method because of the possibility of splashing.Samples should be drawn with a vacuum pump.19.24 When sampling coil stock metals, the mate-rial should be clamped to the bench on both sides ofthe place where it is to be cut, with clamps providedfor this purpose, in order to prevent springing ofthe material.19.25 Canvas gloves must be used when handlingoily sheet metals. Leather palm gloves become slip-pery.19.26 Use rubber vacuum cups for separating oiledsheet materials for inspection in place of puttyknives or similar instruments.19.27 In removing steel bars from vertical racks,make sure that the safety latch falls back into place,so that other bars can not fall out unexpectedly andhurt someone.19.28 Care must be exercised when sampling coilstock to bend the wire back in place again in suchmanner that, in subsequent handlings, operators willnot injure themselves.19.29 The following table may be of assistance toyou:

37

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Material

Acetic Acid

Inspection Equipment

Rubber Gloves and Goggles

Ammonia (Alkali)

Carbolic Acid

Caustic Compound

Chloride of LimeChromic Acid

C o p p e r C y a n i d e

HycolHydrochloric Acid

*Hydrofluoric(Etching) Acid

Nitric Acid

Rubber Gloves, Goggles andRespirator

Rubber Gloves and Goggles


Rubber GlovesRubber Gloves, Goggles,

Respirator and Leggings

Rubber Gloves

Rubber Gloves and GogglesRubber Gloves, Goggles, Leg.

gings and Rubber Apron

Rubber Gloves, Goggles,Leggings, Rubber Apronand Respirator

Rubber Gloves, Goggles,Leggings, Rubber Apronand Respirator

Effect of Exposure

Burns; also pungent to Wash parts with wa-nostrils ter

Serious eye burns Wash with water

Skin burns

Irritating to skin and eyes

Minor burns

Severe skin burns

Wash with alcohol

Flush with largequantities of water

Wash with water,‘ “ I‘

Irritating to skin

Irritating to skin and eyes

Burns skin and clothing

Produces sores when skinis touched

Burns skin (fire hazard)

Temporary AntidotePending Further

Treatment

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Oxalic Acid(Crystal)

Rubber Gloves Irritating to tender skin

Phosphuric Acid Rubber Gloves, Goggles andRubber Apron

S o d i u m C y a n i d e Rubber Gloves, Goggles andRespirator

Sodium Hydrate Rubber Gloves, Goggles andRespirator

S o d i u m Stannate Rubber Gloves, Goggles andwco Respirator

S o d i u m S u l p h i d e Rubber Gloves, Goggles andRespirator

Sulphuric Acid Rubber Gloves, Goggles andRubber Apron

T i n C h l o r i d e

Zinc Cyanide



Minor burns

Irritating to skin and nose

Extremely irritating toeyes, skin and nose; al-so destroys organic tis-s u e s



Burns skin and clothing



Wash with water

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Wash with water

*Note: Hydrofluoric acid is so corrosive it can be handled only in rubber, lead or paraffin containers. Neverplace sample in glass or metal containers.

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20. LIFTING20.1 Strains and sprains are often caused by im-proper methods of lifting.20.2 Heavy objects can be moved more safely, withgreater precision and often more quickly, by the aidof levers, rollers, jacks, etc., than by hand. In caseit is necessary for the work to be done by hand,sufficient help to avoid straining should be obtained.20.3 In lifting or moving heavy objects, thestrength should be applied evenly and gradually. Asecure position should be maintained to preventslipping.20.4 Learn to lift the RIGHT WAY to avoidstrains; bend your knees, keep your body erect, keepyour mouth open, then push upward evenly andgradually with your leg muscles. It is much easierand SAFER. (See illustration on Page 40.)20.5 Do not over-exert yourself in lifting. Pro-cure help.20.6 Do not lift empty platform skids alone. Askfor help.20.7 Remember that material you are lifting mayslip out of your hands. Protect your feet as much aspossible by keeping them out of the way. The wear-ing of safety shoes is recommended.20.8 Observe the floor conditions before starting tolift and be sure that you will not be thrown off bal-ance by some small object such as a piece of wire, anut or a bolt, a hole in the floor or a greasy surface.20.9 Be extra cautious of protruding nails, wires,splinters or steel strapping. Remove them beforelifting.20.10 If you see a fellow worker attempting to lifttoo much or lifting incorrectly-stop him.

ACCIDENT PREVENTION IS UP TOONE PERSON-THAT PERSON IS YOU

41

21. SPECIAL MACHINES21.1 A number of machines come under this classi-fication and cannot be covered by our general head-ings. They are therefore covered in the followingso that all operators assigned to work on such ma-chines may become familiar with safe methods ofoperation and recognize any hazards associated withtheir operation.21.2 If in doubt at any time see your supervisor.Never take a chance.

22. DRILLING MACHINES22.1ations-

Goggles shall be worn for all drilling oper-Do not operate a drill press with rings on

your fingers or when wearing a necktie. They maybe caught in revolving parts and cause an injury.Sleeves should be rolled or cut off above the elbows.22.2 Be sure that drills are sharpened properlyfor the material you are about to drill, so that theywill not catch in the work, break, and possibly in-jure you. When in doubt, see your supervisor.22.3 Chuck and drill shall be tight in the spindlebefore the machine is started.22.4 Keys shall never be left in chucks as theymight be thrown out and strike somebody if themachine is started without their being noticed. Seethat the key is equipped with a guard to preventyour hand from being injuried on the chuck.22.5 The latches or thumb screws on jigs shall beproperly fastened. The jig shall be placed againsta substantial bar or stop to prevent it from revolv-ing with the drill.22.6 In heavy work, jigs shall be held in place byfixtures on the table of the machine. Use all the fix-tures specified on the manufacturing layout.22.7 Do not remove the chuck or straight and tapershank drills from the spindles until the machine hasstopped. (This rule does not apply to machinesequipped with "quick change chucks”).

4 2

22.8 Never attempt to remove drill cuttings fromthe drill with your fingers, cotton waste or a rag.Use the tools especially provided for that purpose.22.9 Do not use rags or waste to clean the ma-chine table as you may receive a hand injury froma chip. Use a brush.

REMOVING CHIFE FROM DRILL PREBA TABLEWITH A BRU6H IS THE SAFE WAY

22.10 Material being drilled must never be heldin your hands.22.11 Always turn off the power when leaving themachine, so that no one can be injured by the ma-chine operating unexpectedly.22.12 Do not carry on a conversation with anyonewhile working since a moment’s inattention at amachine may result in an injury.22.13 Do not use the bed of the press or that sectionof the machine table back of the revolving drills tostore tools or gauges, as they might interfere withyour work seriously enough to cause injury.22.14 Use gloves only when authorized to do so byyour supervisor in accordance with ManufacturingStandard 16,000. There is a possibility of their beingcaught in a rotating drill. -22.15 Protective caps shall be worn by women whenworking at rotating machinery, and shall cover theentire head of hair.

23. TAPPING, BURRING, AND SPEED LATHESMACHINES

23.1 Always wear goggles when tapping, burringor winding springs on speed lathes. Sleeves shouldbe rolled above elbows.2 3 . 2 Chucks shall be tight in the spindles, taps ingood working condition and tight in the chuck andthe stroke properly set before applying power.23.3 A clearance shall always be provided in theholding fixture so that the tap will not strike bot-tom and twist the part out of your hand or fixture.2 3 . 4 When burring with a chuck motor be sure thetwist drill is specially ground for material you areabout to burr.2 3 . 5 Do not attempt to clean, remove or adjusttaps while the power is on, as you might get hurt.2 3 . 6 While tapping, burring or winding springs,use tape or wear leather gloves only when instructedby your supervisor in accordance with Manufactur-

4 4

ing Standard 16,000. They may get caught in rotat-ing parts and cause an injury.23.7 Protective caps shall be worn by women whenworking at rotating machinery, and shall cover theentire head of hair.23.8 Use the stand and fixtures provided whenburring and tapping parts.23.9 A brush shall be used when removing chipsor cuttings from the tool or the machine. Other-wise you may be injuried by a sharp chip.23.10 Turn off the power when leaving the ma-chine, so that no one can be injuried by the machineoperating unexpectedly.

i

24. HEADING, THREADING AND SLOTTINGMACHINES

24.1 No adjustments of any kind shall be madeon heading machines until the machine has come toa dead stop,24.2 Never put your hands or fingers under sawguards.24.3 Work jammed under the saw shall not beremoved until the machine has been stopped.24.4 Slotting and threading machines should bestopped before shifting round belts with the handto adjust the hopper feed, or when making an ad-justment.24.5 All guards must be in their proper place whenthe machine is running. If in doubt about properadjustment, talk to your supervisor about it.24.6 Hopper guards must be closed when the ma-chine is in operation, to prevent parts from flyingout and injurying someone.

AT WORK, AT HOME, AT PLAY PLPLAY-DO THINGS THE SAFE WAY

45

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25. COIL WINDING25.1 Do not wear rings or jewelry when workingon machinery.25.2 Eyes shall be protected with goggles.25.3 Protective caps shall be worn by women whenworking at rotating machinery, and shall cover theentire head of hair.25.4 Wear comfortable, neat fitting clothing suit-able for your work. Avoid loose flowing sleeves,fancy neck pieces, or collars having free ends, beltsor sashes, “floppy” jackets or sweaters, and looseshoulder straps, as all of these are easily caught inmachinery.25.5 In setting up a winding machine, the ma-chine setters shall see that all screws and adaptersare tight and also there is not too much end play inthe tail stock.25.6 Spools of wire must be kept on the spindlesor under the bench, so that no one will trip overthem or be hurt if they should fall.25.7 Before starting any machine, be sure you un-derstand its operation and how to do the work safely.25.8 After placing the spool in the chuck be surethe tail-stock is pushed back and locked.25.9 Do not reach down to pick up any article offthe floor without first shutting down your machine,as your hair or some part of your clothing may getcaught in the rotating parts.25.10 Keep your fingers clear of the rotating coilwhen adjusting the spacer mechanism.25.11 During -the winding of coils, glance occa-sionally at the supply spool so that if there are indi-cations of the wire becoming tangled or the innerend running out, the machine can be shut off be-fore the loose end has a chance to whip around andinflict an injury.25.12 Exercise care when handling a hot solderingiron. Keep it in the holder when it is not in use.25.13 Help prevent injuries by picking up loose

4 8

ends of wire and other objects lying on the floor.Scrap wire should be deposited in a receptacle pro-vided for that purpose.25.14 Keep your fingers clear of the end of spoolwhen piercing a hole in a washer for lead wires.Hold the tool so that point is facing away from you.25.15 Hold scissors correctly as instructed by yoursupervisor so as to avoid cutting your fingers. Whennot in use keep the scissors in a safe place so thatthey cannot fall or be knocked down.25.16 When using rack and pinion presses in as-sembling spool heads to cores, release the hold ofthe part in the spacer block before you apply theleverage to force the two parts together. This willeliminate the possibility of injuring your fingers.25.17 All aisles shall be kept clear of boxes andcontainers.

/ 26 . HAND AND AUTOMATIC SCREW MACHINES

26.1 When rods of stock are in the machine theyshould never project beyond the end of the stockreel or holder where someone might be injuried bywalking into them.26.2 Never bring your bare hand close to the ro-tating spindle in order to catch a part as it is cutoff. Use a wire spoon.26.3 Do not pull entangled shearings from thetools with your bare hand. Use a wire hook.26.4 No adjustments should be made or cleaningdone on the tools while the machine is in operation.26.5 Never attempt to catch a screw with yourhand while the screw is being ejected from the slot-ting arm and the saw is still in motion. You may getyour hand against the saw and be injured. Stop the

-SAFETY-FIRST, LAST AND ALWAYS

arm before the screw is completely ejected and thenstop the saw.26.6 No belt should be put on or taken off thepulley before you have shut off the power. Other-wise your hand may be drawn between the belt andpulley.26.7 When you and a helper are working togetheron a machine that has been stopped for adjustments,each of you should make sure that neither is indanger before starting the machine. Always ar-range a signal that both of you know and use it.26.8 Where guard doors have been provided withsafety latches to prevent them from falling shut af-ter they are opened, take care that the latches arecaught securely so that a falling door may not injureyou.26.9 Be careful of slipping when walking on metalflooring in the vicinity of machines.26.10 Do not allow chips from your machine to lieon the floor and do not store material on the floorat the base of the machine. Both conditions maycause injuries.26.11 Do not leave tools or work on machines wherethey can be jarred or pushed off.

27. MILLING MACHINES AND TABLE SAWS

27.1 Goggles must be worn at all times when op-erating Milling, Grinding, Sawing and other typesof machines producing particles of dust or chips.27.2 When setting up or replacing cutters be surethat the motor has stopped and that the clutch isengaged before placing the arbor wrench on thenut. Never stow a revolving arbor with your handsor by applying an arbor wrench. W a i t until themachine stops. Never attempt to tighten the arbornut by placing a wrench on the nut, then bracingthe wrench against the machine bed and starting themachine. Something may snap and a flying piecemight cause an injury.

50

27.3 Be sure that the arbor, cutters, vise jaws,and fixtures are securely fastened and that the workis properly clamped.27.4 Check the clearance of cutters to vise jawsor fixtures before starting the power.27.5 After a milling cut is completed, the vise jawsmust be backed away far enough from the revolvingcutters for the safe removal or replacement of work.27.6 Never attempt to change mechanical feedgears on Milling Machines without first placing a

a “Hands Off” sign on the starting switch, so that noone will turn on the power while your hands are in

3 i the gears.27.7 Guards shall be placed in position to give

, maximum protection. If in doubt about their adjust-ment, consult your supervisor before using the ma-chine.27.8 When burring parts at the machine, keep asafe distance from the revolving cutters, so that yourfingers will not be drawn into them.27.9 Do not wipe chips from revolving cutters orwork with your fingers or hand. You are apt to beinjured by a sharp chip. Use a long handled brush onthe off side of the cutter.27.10 Loose fitting or worn wrenches are a serious

Iaccident hazard. Use the proper wrench for the job.27.11 Do not leave wrenches, etc., lying on the ta-ble where they can be jarred or pushed off.

1 27.12 In sawing material into small pieces, do notfeed the stock with your fingers. A stick of hardwood, shaped for that purpose, will insure safety.27.13 Use gloves only when authorized to do soby your supervisor in accordance with Manufactur-ing Standard 16,000 as they may get caught anddraw your hand into the cutters.27.14 Keep your hands and fingers away fromcutting tools when they are running.

1 BETTER BE’ SAFE THAN SORRY,

51

28. DIE SETTING

28.1 Lock the starting switch before changing dies.28.2 Always use safety blocks when working un-der the ram, to prevent the ram from dropping un-expectedly.28.3 If you are using a lift truck or a table, blockthe wheels before sliding the die on or off the tableso that the truck will not roll out from under theload.28.4 Never use a hardened hammer, wrench orpin to drive cut punches, due to the danger of a chip ,’breaking off and flying.28.5 Use a drift pin to line up the holes in the die 11 1

Iholder with the holes in the bolster plate. Never useyour fingers.28.6 Tighten any loose screws or bolts on the pressor tripping mechanism.28.7 While trying out the first few nieces. placea metal shield in front of the die to protect you ifthe die should shift and throw out a sliver.28.8 Be sure to adjust the clutch to non-repeatif the press is to be used on second oand check the non-repeat operation b

eration work,efore turning

the press over to the operator.28.9 Be sure all guards are in place and properlyadjusted before turning the job over to the operator.28.10 After finishing the job, gather up all tools,pins, bolts, etc., and return them to their properplaces. Leave nothing on the floor or the press thatmight be a hazard.28.11 Dies should be placed in the rack in a safeposition so that no one will be injured when remov-ing them..28.12 Report defective tools or presses to your su-pervisor.28.13 Be sure that telescoping guards are meshingproperly.28.14 Always use a safety bar for turning over thecrankshaft manually, as this type of bar, if properly

52

. I

adjusted, cannot be left in the crankshaft and for-gotten. Be sure it is so adjusted.28.15 After dies have been set up the press shouldbe turned over manually before the power is turnedon.28.16 Use standard clamps so as to avoid the useof shims.28.17 Use the proper size bolster plate.28.18 Use the proper size wrenches so that theywill not slip and cause an injury.

29. PUNCH PRESS INSPECTION29.1 Following is a table of suggested items to bechecked when making a punch press inspection:29.2 Loose or oily brakes.29.3 Faulty clutches,29.4 Loose gibs.29.5 Cracks in frame.29.6 Sprung cranks.29.7 Bad condition of safety cables on clutchcounterweights.29.8 Bad condition of safety cables on ram mo-tors and tie bolt nuts.29.9 Check the nut on the crankshaft.29.10 Check the set collar and brackets of backshafts.29.11 Check the foot treadle clearance. Check thetreadle guards.29.12 Look for plugged lubrication lines and out-lets.29.13 See that gear and fly wheel guards are inplace. See that the frame work and guard are strong

A CLEAN MACHINE IS ANIMPORTANT FACTOR IN SAFETY

53 .

enough to support the enclosed part in case of shaftfailure.29.14 Slippery or broken condition of the floor orplatforms at the press.29.15 Overloading of presses-the cause of mostcrank failures.29.16 Clutch latch spring should be checked to de-termine if it is in satisfactory operating condition.29.17 Check condition of "U" bolt.29.18 Check play in swing guard and inspect collar.29.19 See that proper bolster plate and die clampare used.

30. PUNCH PRESSES

30.1 Always wear your goggles when operatinga punch press unless specifically exempt on properauthority.30.2 In operating a power press, (except whenotherwise authorized by the supervisor, or one ofhis official assistants) lift your foot from the treadleafter each stroke of the press, as this arrests the ramat the top of each stroke and prevents “repeating.”30.3special

Pliers, tweezers, hand ejectors, rakes and anyfeeding tools placed between the die and

punch before, during or after an operation must bemade of aluminum or other soft metal, which willnot shatter and fly, nor injure the tools if the pressshould operate unexpectedly. Any exception to thisrule must be approved bv the Department Chief.Dirt or chips which may collect on the die or punchduring any operation shall not be removed with thefingers.30.4 When any part of a power press is being oiledor when dirt or chips are being removed from partsof a punch or die which cannot be reached with thetool provided for this purpose, the power shall beshut off and the flywheel brought to a full stop, sothat the press cannot operate unexpectedly.30.5 Belts shall not be put on or taken off punch

* 5 4

presse_s_by other than regularly authorized opera_tors. When belts are not on the flywheel ttiey^shallbe looped up from the floor to prerient ttreii ,ilravet-ing."30.6 -Protect your feet by keeping them out of theyay o{ objects that may fall. The wearing of safetyshoes is recommended.

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ing properly. This is especially important on Mon-day mornings and after shutdowns or oilings. Ifthe clutch begins to click, have it inspected.30.8 Should any machine repeat, report it to yoursupervisor immediately.30.9 Do not go away and leave your machine run-ning, as someone may trip it unintentionally and beinjured.30.10 Do not allow scrap material to accumulatearound your machine. Sharp and pointed pieces maycause injury.30.11 Crop end of sheets should not be piled in lean-ing position against pillars or machines as sharpedges may cause injury. Lay them flat.30.12 Do not place your hand, or any part of yourbody, between the punch and die at any time.30.13 Always use the safety device and guard pro-vided for your protection.30.14 Use gloves only when instructed to do so byyour supervisor in accordance with ManufacturingStandard 16,000.30.15 Never distract the attention of another op-erator. You may cause him to receive an injury..30.16 If any part of your machine is not workingproperly, notify your supervisor.30.17 Guards shall not be modified or removedfrom any punch and die except when authorized bythe responsible Engineer of Manufacture organiza-tion, together with the supervisor in charge.30.18 When it is necessary to run long rods or stripsof stock, they shall not be allowed to project intoan aisle unless a suitable approved warning standardor device is so placed as to attract the attention ofanyone passing by.30.19 When two or more persons are working on apress, be sure everyone is in the clear before set-ting the press in motion., Arrange a signal that every-one understands before starting the machine.

5 7

31. MATERIAL HANDLING31.1 Do not stand on a box or truck when placingmaterial on a high pile or when reaching for a highobject. Such supports may slip or topple, causing youto fall. Use standard equipment.31.2 Do not throw a box or pan upon a high pile.The whole pile may fall over on you.31.3 When removing empty cases or pans froma bench or shelf use both hands.31.4 Do not overload pans, as their handles maygive way and some one may be injured, or some onemay receive a strain when lifting the pan.31.5 Defective pans and hand trucks should betagged with a “bad order” tag. Get one from yoursupervisor and use it when needed.

32. TRUCKINGFor Operation of Electric Trucks Refer to “Safety

Handbook for Operators of Industrial Trucks”32.1 Trucks are intended for moving material, notpassengers. No riders are allowed.32.2 Always load a truck in such a manner thatmaterial will not slide or roll off.32.3 When passing a loaded truck in motion, watchout for falling boxes or material.32.4 Trucks should not be overloaded. Limit theload to the safe capacity of the truck. See that thecorrect type truck is used for the job.32.5 A truck that needs repairs should never beused. Tell your supervisor what is wrong and getanother truck. Tag the defective truck so that noone else will use it.32.6 A truck should be loaded if at all possible insuch a manner that you can see over the top of theload. If you cannot see over the load, have someone precede the truck to clear the way and giveadequate warning.

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32.7 Trucks must not be operated two abreast.A truck must not pass another headed in the samedirection unless the truck to be passed is standingstill. Trucks meeting each other shall pass very care-fully and only at slow speeds. In either case be sureof clearance.32.8 Before passing through fire doors, stop yourtruck and open the doors by hand. Go slowly whenpushing trucks through swinging doors, and be ex-tra careful, as another employee may be about toenter from the opposite side. Place your hands onthe inside of the uprights, so that they will not beinjured by the doors swinging back.32.9 Lift trucks are made to be pulled. Whenpushed they are difficult to guide.32.10 A truck should not be piled so high with pansor other material that the load will slide off whenthe truck strikes an uneven place in the aisle.32.11 When the load is too heavy to move or if thetruck is one of the larger type and unwieldy, obtainadditional help. Do not strain yourself.32.12 Except in the cases of trucks intended to bepulled, keep the truck in front of you and push. Iftwo men are required to handle the load, one shouldpush the truck and the other pull.32.13 On trucks requiring the services of two men,the one in front should do the guiding. He shouldbe especially careful not to get his feet caught underthe wheels or framework of the truck.32.14 In pushing or guiding trucks, use a handle, ifone is provided. If not, place your hands inside theuprights, so as to protect your fingers.32.15 Keep your mind on your work, watch out for

Elevators Have Their Ups and Downs-The Ins and Outs are up to You-

BE CAREFUL

6 0

the other fellow and avoid bumping his truck. Beparticularly careful if another trucker is just aheadof you.32.16 It is dangerous to use an empty truck of anykind as a “scooter” by racing it and hopping on fora ride. Avoid “horse play.”32.17 Do not try to carry on a conversation withsomeone else when you are pushing a truck. Withyour attention distracted, you may receive or causean injury.32.18 Always use handles provided for moving dol-lies when empty.32.19 Make sure load is evenly distributed on dolly.32.20 Always place load on dollies so that sides areparallel with edge of dolly.32.21 Moving a load on a dolly requires at least twomen-one to guide, one to push. Heavy loads requirethree or four men. Men should always use cautionin placing themselves so as to avoid injuries.32.22 Do not leave dollies in aisles.32.23 Use extra precaution when pushing loadeddollies through narrow aisles and when loading cars.

33. MATERIAL STORAGE

33.1 Material should be stored in a safe and care-ful manner. Avoid:

(A) Undercutting of piles.(B) Lopsided piles.(C) Piles without a solid and level foundation.

Keep your piles straight; they present a better ap-pearance and they will not fall. Use standard con-tainers. Heavy articles should not be placed where

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not be overloaded. If the capacity is unknown, seeyour supervisor.33.4 Avoid storing stock on the tops of lockers,cabinets, racks, etc. It may cause injury to some-one or damage to property. It’s poor housekeeping.33.5 Material should rest upon a secure foundationand should not be piled higher than 18 in. below thesprinkler line.33.6 Never attempt to catch a falling pan or anyother falling object. Injury often results from suchan attempt.33.7 Bags of material should be piled so that thelayers cross each other at right angles and as faras possible piled with the bag mouth away fromthe aisle, so that the projecting mouth of the bagdoes not extend into the aisle where it may be caughton something. The height shall not be over five feet.33.8 So far as possible, pile only boxes and pansof the same size on top of other boxes and pans al-ready piled.33.9 A single pile of pans should not exceed sevenfeet in height. The top of the pile must be at least18” below the sprinkler head.33.10 In piling do not allow one tier of pans, bags,etc., to depend on the next tier for support. The onewho takes them down may move the support tierfirst.33.11 Arrange side aisles so that there is plenty ofroom to add or remove material safely. Leave suf-ficient room for trucks between each row of material.Do not obstruct the passageway to fire buckets, otherfire fighting equipment, electric switches, and fusepanels.33.12 Do not store empty platform skids on edge

PRACTICE SAFETY FIRST ANDLAST LONGER

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or on end. Lay them flat, so that they cannot fallover and injure someone.33.13 Defective pans shall be withdrawn fromuse at once and shall not be used until repaired.33.14 Do not overload platform skids with suchloads as long strips of steel, since this tends to per-mit the load to rest on the two ends of the skid, there-by weakening it. All loads should be evenly dis-tributed.

34. HANDLING ACIDS

34.1 Care should be exercised when storing orhandling carboys of acid to prevent the acid fromburning your clothing or body. See that all acidcarboys are properly labeled.34.2 Always wear acid dipper’s goggles and rub-ber gloves when working with acid.34.3 If you get acid or alkali on any part of thebody, including in the eyes, wash immediately withlarge quantities of clean water, using the drinkingfountain if convenient, and then report to your su-pervisor.34.4 Wash gloves in fresh water before removingthem, to remove all acid or alkali. This will pre-vent possible burns when you touch the gloves.34.5 When handling acid check the nearest sup-ply of clean water, and see that it is available foremergency use in case acid is spilled.34.6 At least two men should always be in thestoreroom when acids are being handled, so that onecan assist the other in case of injury.34.7 Trucking of acid carboys from one location

6 5

to another should be done with an approved carboy

34.6 When a carboy has been emptied of acid, itshould be washed out and tagged to denote that itis empty and clean.34.9 Do not remove an empty carboy from a shoplocation unless it bears a tag indicating that it hasbeen washed.34.10 Drums of acid should be stored in a coolplace, with the bung up.34.11 After an acid container has been moved, theglass stopper should be loosened to release the stored-up pressure produced.34.12 During long storage of acid filled containers,the glass stoppers should be loosened each week.A cloth should be placed over the bung to preventspurting when the pressure is released.34.13 Porous stoppers shall be used where possible,to guard against the pressure building up. Stoppermust be wired on.

35. DEGREASERS

35.1 Always wear your goggles when working atdegreasers.35.2 Avoid breathing the vapors of the degreas-ing solution (trichlorethylene) .35.3 Do not allow the degreasing solution or itsvapors to come in contact with your skin, as it maycause an irritation.35.4 Never place degreasing solution, whether newor used, clean or dirty, in air-tight containers. Pres-sure may develop within the container and cause itto burst.35.5 Baskets should never be moved so rapidlythat degreasing solution vapors escape over the edgeof the tank.35.6 It is particularly important to withdraw workslowly from the degreaser, and that the work be

66

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dry. Baskets should be rested on a support abovethe vapor level until all degreasing solution andvapors have drained from the work.35.7 Under no circumstances should the degreas-ing solution be boiled fast enough to cause the vaporsto overflow the edges of the degreaser.35.8 Do not use non-standard baskets, or con-tainers, as they may break under a load and splashthe degreasing solution on you.35.9 Do not, under any circumstances, enter a de-greaser or lower your head inside the tank belowthe top edge; you may be overcome by the fumes.35.10 If any unusual condition is noted in the op-eration of the degreaser, notify the supervisor con-cerned, who will take steps to correct it.35.11 When working light-weight parts (partswhich do not have enough thickness to retain heat)let them remain near the cooling line longer than thenormal time, so the liquid will drain off thoroughly.35.12 When working cup-shaped parts or parts withcavities that collect liquid, rotate the basket to spillout the excess liquid before removing the parts fromtank.35.13 Do not load baskets so heavily that you haveto strain to put them slowly into the tanks.35.14 Follow the operating instructions to the let-ter for the particular type of degreaser you are op-erating.

36. FIRE HAZARDS36.1 Never pile material or place trucks, skids,crates, racks, pans or other equipment so as to pre-vent easy access to fire fighting equipment, operat-ing parts of heating equipment, fire alarm bells,electric switches or fuse panels, or in such a wayas to obstruct aisles.

S A F E T Y PAYS BIG DIVIDENDSI

6 7.

36.2 In piling, elevate any material that can bedamaged by water at least two inches off the floor.36.3 Do not set material on, against or behindradiators. Always leave a maintenance aisle in frontof radiators.36.4 Do not allow rubbish or flammable materialsto accumulate.36.5 Stairs, fire escapes and fire exits should notbe obstructed in any way. Fire doors and fire win-doys should not be blocked open, as this will pre-vent them from closing automatically in case of fire.36.6 Oily waste, rags, gloves, etc., should alwaysbe placed in receptacles provided for the particularpurpose. Otherwise they may ignite and cause a fire.All oil waste and rag containers should be emptiedat least once each da-v.36.7 Excelsior, hay, paper and all other packingmaterial shall be kept in closed fire-proof containers.36.8 “No smoking” restrictions shall be carefullyobserved. .

37. RECEIVING AND TRANSFER WORK37.1 Care should be exercised at all times whenunloading or loading motor trucks and freight cars.77.2 Be careful of your fingers in removing boxes,etc., so that the next box or case will not fall againstthem. Watch for projecting nails.37.3 When carrying loads with fellow employeesdo not drop your end without warning, as they maybe injured through not being able to hold up theirend. When two are carrying a load, keep in step.This reduces the uneven movement of the load. Be-fore carrying anything with another person, arrangea signal that will be used and understood by both.37.4 In pushing or pulling trucks be careful not tostrike other operators.37.5 In placing freight-car auto-truck plates besure that they are fastened down with the properbolts, so that they will not slip or fall when the

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load is pulled over them. See that the load is prop-erly centered on the plate.37.6 Heavy soled shoes are a protection againstnails, metal particles and injuries to the feet. Safetyshoes are recommended.37.7 Do not park trucks near a corner or an aislecrossing where they may obstruct the view and pos-sibly cause an injury.37.8 Watch out for holes and weak spots in floorsof freight cars. Whenever such a condition is found,an iron plate should be used. This will prevent thetruck from breaking through the floor of the car.37.9 Gloves help protect your hands from splin-ters, scratches. bruises and blisters. Use them inpiling boxes and pans in trucking and when loadingand unloading cars. Take a good hold on steel andwood parts, so that the material cannot slip throughthe gloved hands.37.10 In loading and unloading acid carboys becareful of acid splashing due to loose corks or stop-pers.37.11 Do not remove an empty carboy from a shoplocation unless it bears a tag indicating that it hasbeen washed.37.12 Do not move overloaded platforms or dollies.Report them at once to your supervisor.37.13 Anyone opening boxes, crates, barrels, etc.,shall see that no nails are left protruding, or scat-tered on the floor. All loose nails shall be depositedin a container provided for that purpose.37.14 Blocking or lumber removed from cars mustnot be thrown carelessly about on loading platforms,as someone might trip over them and be injured.37.15 When moving a car by hand, use a special

CUTS NEGLECTED OFTEN BECOMEINFECTED-HAVE THEM TREATED

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tension cord fastened so that no one can trip orcatch on it.37.17 Chauffeurs of cars and motor trucks mustfamiliarize themselves with the rules and trafficregulations of the city and town in which they drive.37.18 Any defect or trouble in the motor or otherpart of your car should be noted on your trip sheet.37.19 No person other than the driver and helperis permitted or allowed to ride on trucks withoutthe permission of your supervisor.37.20 Do not attempt to pass through rolling steeldoors, operated by a switch on either side, beforethe door is raised to the top position. When ap-proaching these doors the speed of your truck shouldbe controlled so that you can stop at least six feetaway from the door.37.21 Crowbars, iron plates, long bars, pipes, etc.,should not be left standing upright against a flatsurface where they may fall. Lay them down outof the path of travel.

38. LADDERS38.1 Never use a box, keg, chair, waste basket orother object as a substitute for a ladder. They maytip or slip and you may be injured.38.2 Do not place a ladder too straight or at toogreat an angle. The distance from the base of theladder to the wall should be about l/4 the lengthof the ladder.38.3 When using an extension ladder, the topshould be tied to prevent its sliding sideways. If theladder cannot be tied, have someone hold it at thebase.38.4 When working on a ladder near a door or in

DON’T DEPEND ON OTHERS-LOOK TO YOUR OWN SAFETY

71

an aisle, “Caution” signs should be used. A laddershall not be used as a guy, brace, skid, horizontalscaffold member, or for any purpose other than thatfor which it is intended to be used.3 8 . 5 Always face a ladder when ascending or de-scending.3 8 . 6 Do not slide down a ladder.3 8 . 7 Be sure there is nothing on a ladder beforeyou attempt to move it.3 8 . 8 Inspect a ladder for defects before using it.If defective, tag it with a “bad order” tag which youcan get from your supervisor.3 8 . 9 Avoid standing on the top step of a ladder.You may lose your balance and fall.38.10 Do not carry anything in your hands whengoing up or down ladders. You need both hands onthe ladder to keep from falling. Materials or toolsshould be pulled up or lowered with a rope or byother suitable means.38.11 Jumping from ladders has caused many asprained ankle.38.12 Rolling ladders are an unsafe means of trans-portation. Do not ride them.38.13 When near the top of rolling ladders keepyour hands away from the rail so that there is nochance of getting them under the rollers.38.14 When on a ladder do not overreach. It mayroll or slip out from under you.38.15 Material should never be left on the steps ofa ladder. It may be knocked off accidentally andstrike someone.38.16 Keep off a ladder that is being used by an-other person.38.17 Do not straddle the top rungs of folding orstep ladders.38.18 Hold side rails when ascending or descendingas the sides being continuous are always availablefor grasping. -

7 2

39. RECLAIMING MATERIALBy-Products Manufacture

39.1 Goggles, respirator and gloves must be wornwhen charging sheath in the lead kettles and whenpouring lead.39.2 ’ Be careful when passing to avoid being struckby tools handled by operators working in front offurnaces.39.3 No machinery shall be operated by anyoneexcept those authorized to do so.39.4 Handle the pitchfork and other sharp toolscarefully so as to avoid injury to yourself and others.Always store such implements with the prongs fac-ing downward and the points resting on the floor.Keep them in a safe place, where they are not apt tobe knocked over and injure someone.39.5 Shin and metal toe-guards should be wornwhen stacking or otherwise manually handling pig

.39.6 Avoid breathing fumes of solvents such astrichloroethylene when shipping them back to the

.39.7 In reclaiming Lead Covered Cable, respira-tors shall be used while charging the dutch ovensand in blowing the reclaimed copper wire.39.8 Do not climb over empty trucks, boxes, crates,etc. Walk around them.39.9 Watch out for trucks at intersections.39.10 Be alert when passing a car that is being un-loaded.39.11 When unloading a car or truck be on thelookout for material sliding off the pile.39.12 Read the items listed under the heading,“Lifting” (page 41).39.13 Always wash your hands and clean your fin-gernails before eating if you have been handlinglead.

73

Preferred Customer

lead.

Preferred Customer

refiner.

40. SORTING40.1 Wear gloves at all times when handling scrapmaterials. Heavy gauntlet gloves and leather sleevesshould be worn when picking up and sorting baledsteel.40.2 Wear respirators when handling silica sand,zinc dust, copper wire recovered from lead coveredcable, solder coated wire and amaloy coated wire.4 0 . 3 Goggles should be worn when dismantlingparts or handling waste acids.4 0 . 4 Use a stick of wood for operating a metalshaker.4 0 . 5 In separating wire mixed with scrap ma-terial use wire cutters instead of pulling the tangleapart with your hands with the possibility of cut-ting your hands on the wire.4 0 . 6 Do not overfill pans or barrels with scrapmaterial. The projecting ends may inflict injuryto someone.4 0 . 7 Remove all nails, strapping wire and bandiron projecting from barrels, boxes, crates, etc., sothat no one will be injured by accidentally com-ing in contact with them.4 0 . 8 Shut off the power on the magnetic separatorbefore attempting to remove material twisted orjammed in the machine, so that it will be impossiblefor the machine to be started unexpectedly.40.9 Piling, loading or handling baled steel shouldbe done with the greatest of care as a precautionagainst the sharp edges protruding from the bales.40.10 Handle and pile scrap material safely so thatit does not fall and injure you or someone else.40.11 Look out for flying pieces of material whendismantling parts. Wherever possible use a leadsafety hammer or mallet for breaking up brittlematerials, to reduce the amount of flying pieces asmuch as possible.40.12 Watch out for your toes at all times. Wear

74

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I1

durable shoes that protect, preferably standard safe-ty shoes.40.13 Wear metal foot protectors on all jobs wherespecified.40.14 Do not make up packages of excessive weightwhich may cause injury due to the weight not beingevenly distributed throughout the box, barrel, orbale.

41. JACKS FOR RAISING

41.1 Make sure that you have selected a jack ofthe proper type and capacity for the load to be raised.41.2 Be certain that the jack is properly centeredunder the load so that it will not kick out.41.3 Be sure that the jack has good bearings, bothtop and bottom.41.4 Always block around jacks securely to keepthe load from tipping.41.5 Never work under anything supported byjacks alone. Put blocking underneath to hold theload if the jacks should slip.41.6 Be sure that your body is in the clear beforereleasing a jack.41.7 Never use a bar or handle that does not fitthe jack properly.41.8 In operating a jack, be careful that the jack-handle does not strike another person or object.41.9 Never use a jack in a horizontal position un-less the jack and blocking are supported to preventthem from failing or kicking out.41.10 If it is necessary to use blocks at either endof a jack, be sure that they are cut square and arefree from defects of any kind.41.11 When using a jack, the handle should alwaysbe removed when work is suspended or discontinued,to keep it from being thrown in case of a slip.

CARELESSNESS MEANS INJURIES

7 5

42. SHEARS -POWER42.1 Keep your hands away from blades.42.2 Make sure that the material to be sheared isnot too big for the machine that is being used.42.3 The knives should be blocked when any ad-justments or repairs are bieng made, so that theycannot descend accidentally.

43. SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR CHAINS43.1 Chains made of standard links and used forhoisting or similar purposes shall not, be subjectedto loads greater than shown in the following table:

Sizeo f

Chain

l/4”5/16”3/8"7/16”l/2”518”3/4"7/8"

:-l/a”l-1/4”

3 7 57 0 09 0 0

120016002 5 0 03 6 0 05 0 0 06 9 0 0a 2 0 0

1 0 2 5 0

640 535 3 7 5ii85 1 0 0 0 7 0 01530 1280 9 0 02 0 3 0 1710 12002 7 2 0 2 2 6 0 1 6 0 04 2 4 0 3 5 4 0 2 5 0 06 1 0 0 5 1 0 0 3 6 0 0a 5 0 0 7 1 0 0 5 0 0 0

11750 9 8 0 0 6 9 0 01 3 9 4 0 1 1 6 0 0 a 2 0 01 7 5 6 0 14650 1 0 2 5 0

43.2 The capacity of a chain used with a commer-cially manufactured hoist shall be that shown on thehoist.

IF YOU DON’T KNOW THE SAFEWAY ASK YOUR SUPERVISOR

7 6

44. SAFE LOADS FOR MANILA ROPE

44.1 Ropes used for hoisting or similar purposesshall not be subjected to loads greater than shownin the following table:

Double Double DoubleSling When Sling When Sling When

Dia. of When Used Used At Used At Used AtRope Straight 60’ Angle 45’ Angle 30’ Angle

l/4” 50 8 5 70 5 0100 170 140 100175 3 0 0 2 4 5 175

5/8” 3 2 0 540 4 5 0 3203/4” 4 0 0 6 8 0 5 6 0 4 0 0

7!8” 500 8 5 0 7 0 0:-l/4” 1 1 0 0 7 0 0 1880 1200 1 5 4 0 9 8 0

Ei1 1 0 0

l-1/2” 1600 2 7 2 0 2 2 4 0 1600l-3/4” 2 1 5 0 3 6 4 0 3 0 0 0 2 1 5 02 ” 2 8 0 0 4 7 6 0 3 9 5 0 2 8 0 0

45. PRINT SHOP

The printing industry is divided into four majorgroups, namely: plate making, pressroom, binderyand composing room. The safety rules for each groupare listed in the order named.

Camera Room and Plate Making45.1 Good housekeeping is important. Oily rags,waste paper and dirt should be kept off the floor,45.2 Always wear gloves when changing the car-bons on an arc lamp.45.3 Make sure safety switches are turned offwhen you are adjusting or changing carbons, so thatyou cannot be burned.45.4 Wear prescribed goggles when facing arclamps.45.5 Never use a razor blade without a holder.Use office knives, and handle them with extremecaution.

7 7

45.6 Offset plates are very sharp along the edges.Use extreme care when handling them to avoid aninjury.45.7 Keep water off the floor to avoid the pos-sibility of slipping and incurring a serious injury.45.8 Be sure you use rubber gloves as instructedby your supervisor, to protect your hands from in-jurious chemicals.45.9 Be sure chemical bottles are free from sharpedges.45.10 Keep objects out of the aisles in the darkroom. A serious injury may result if someone tripsover them.

Safety in the Bindery45.11 Be sure the safety devices on paper cuttersare in good working order.45.12 When working with an assistant cutter, besure he is working on the end of the machine awayfrom the knife. Never let the assistant place hishands under the knife.45.13 Use care when working around the foldingmachine. Be sure to stop your machine before at-tempting to make any adjustments or to removepaper jams.45.14 Keep your fingers on the outer edge of thelift of paper when drilling or slotting holes.45.15 A round cornering machine is dangerous ifyou don’t hold the paper the right way. If in doubt,ask your supervisor.45.16 A. paper stitcher is a simple little machine,but it can cause serious injuries if you are careless.Keep your mind and eyes on your work.

Safety in the Pressroom45.17 Good housekeeping is essential. Keep wastepaper and oily rags, lint and dirt from accumulatingon the presses or the floors around them.

7 8

Hand Feed Press45.18 Care when feeding a hand feed press is ofvital importance. Do not at any time straighten outa sheet that has not been placed against the guidesby inserting your hand into a machine which is ready

45.19 Be careful of the clothing you wear aroundthe presses. Loose clothing is dangerous, as it mayget caught in the machine.45.20 Be sure the safety devices are working andcorrectly set before you attempt to make changeson the press.

Automatic Feed Presses45.21 Never wash the back cylinder of an offsetpress before you have turned off the current on theelectric neutralizer.45.22 When working on Miehle Vertical Presses, besure to shut down your machine before taking outa sheet for inspection.45.23 Never attempt to oil a machine when it isin motion.45.24 Be sure all guards are in place before youstart your machine.45.25 When working with an assistant? be sure heis clear from moving parts before starting the ma-chine. Arrange a signal which both know and under-stand.

Composing Room.45.26 Wear goggles when using saw to cut lead.45.27 Be sure the guard is in place before startingthe saw.45.26 Report any defects on the guard or saw toyour supervisor at once.45.29 Always wash your hands and clean your fin-

CAUTION MEANS PRECAUTION I

7 9

Preferred Customer

to close.

gernails before eating, so that no lead can get intoyour food.45.30 Examine quoins and keys for wear. Remem-ber, they may slip and cause you to suffer a bruisedknuckle.45.31 Use goggles and leather gloves when workingaround molten metal on typesetting machines.45.32 Don’t attempt to lift large forms from thestone or the press. Use form carrier provided forthe purpose.

46. RUBBER SHOP

Rubber Cutting Machine46.1 When the blade of the machine is raised toinsert blocks of rubber, make certain that it is se-curely locked in the upward position.46.2 While inserting material, do not place yourhands directly under the knife. Adjust the mate-rial from the side of the machine.

Weighing Compound46.3 Wear gloves.46.4 Wear goggles and respirator when weighingdusty ingredients.46.5 When weighing India Rubber Yellow wearleather gloves, and wash your hands when you havefinished.46.6 When pulling crude rubber apart with a hook,keep far enough away so as not to stick yourself withthe hook point.

Banbury Mixer46.7 Make a daily check of the condition of theone-inch pin for stopping the floating weight.46.8 Make sure hooks are properly attached tothe pan of mixture before attempting to raise it offthe conveyor, so that the pan will not fall.

8 0

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46.9 Make certain air is cut off and air cylinderis empty before making any examination of floatingweight or discharge gate.

Washing, Mixing, Warming and Sheeting Mills46.10 Every precaution shall be exercised to seethat hands are not placed close to the point wherethe material enters the rolls.46.11 Be careful of the rubber slapping back andforth-your hand may be forced against the revolv-ing rolls.46.12 Keep the floor around your machine freefrom accumulation of trays or material; they aretripping hazards.46.13 Make certain that the stopping devices areoperating freely. To insure this, make at least fourtests daily, two hours apart.

Rubber Grinders or Pulverizers46.14 Do not attempt to release a jam in any partof the machine unless the power is shut off at theswitch.46.15 Be careful that metal parts do not get in withthe rubber parts that are to be ground. Serious dam-age or injury is apt to result.

Rubber Cement Mixers46.16 Be careful when placing materials in themixer, as the blades may strike the hands.46.17 Do not attempt to clean a machine or removecongealed material from it unless the power is turnedoff at the switch.

Extruding Machine46.18 Exercise caution in feeding a machine so thatyour hand is not inserted too far and caught in themechanism.

I THE SAFE WAY-BE ALERT

81

Rolling Tin46.19 Take care when rolling tin that ragged edgesor corners do not catch your glove and draw yourband into the machine.

Molders46.20 Before placing material in the press makecertain the valve is set to hold the ram in the upwardposition so it will not descend accidentally. Afterthe valve has been operated for the compressionstroke, keep your hands at a safe distance from thedies.46.21 Do not attempt to make adjustments of partsor materials after starting the press.46.22 Check your press several times a day to in-sure that the ram does not creep while in the off po-sition. If the ram creeps, notify your supervisor atonce.46.23 Molders should wear goggles at all times.

Vulcanizers46.24 Before attempting to operate vulcanizers, ob-tain full instructions from your supervisor as to thelocation of safety valves, levers, locks and steamcontrols, so that you can operate the vulcanizer safely.46.25 Keep close check on meters and controls.46.26 Before unlocking door, be sure that the steamhas been exhausted, to prevent possible burns fromout rushing steam.46.27 Before applying steam make sure that thedoor is securely locked so that it will not be blownopen by the increasing pressure of the steam.46.28 Be careful about getting burns on hot pressesand molds. Any burns received should be given med-ical attention at once.

Rubber Shears46.29 Same precaution shall be taken as outlinedin Paragraph 42.

8 2

General47. HAND TOOLS

47.A Hand tools such as screwdrivers, hack saws,etc., with transparent handles of a nitro cellulosecomposition or any other highly flammable materialshall not be carried into, used or stored within theWorks.47.1 Do not use tools with rough, splintered orbadly worn handles, as they are apt to cause aninjury. Call your supervisor in order to secure newones.47.2 All small tools should be inspected at leastonce each month and any found defective shouldbe replaced.47.3 When you put tools in a tool box or drawer,place them with points and cutting edges down, toprevent anyone from being injured when reaching

47.4 Tools with mushroomed or broken heads mustnot be used. Replace or repair them.47.5 In using knives, pliers, and other cuttingtools do not direct the strain toward yourself. Ifthey should slip, you may be cut by a blade.47.6 Unauthorized workers shall not improvise orconstruct tools from materials of unknown qualities;for example, discarded hack saw blades, files, etc.47.7 Under no circumstances shall unauthorizedpersons temper or draw tools unless specifically in-structed to do so by supervisors. Such items includechisels, punches, taps, reamers, etc.

Chise l s47.6 Chisels should be properly tempered and gog-gles should be worn when using a hammer and chisel.Take care to protect fellow workers from flyingchips.

I MAKE CAREFULNESS A HABIT I

8 3

Preferred Customer

for them.

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Files47.9 All files should be provided with handles.47.10 Files should never be used as a center punch,cold chisel or as a pry. They are brittle and are aptto break. If this happens, you or someone else maybe hurt by flying pieces.

Hammers47.11 Always keep the faces of hammers in goodcondition, otherwise a chip may fly off and cause aninjury.47.12 Hammers with cracked, burred or badly wornheads or handles should not be used. Call the super-visor to get a suitable tool.47.13 Do not use a machinist’s hammer for driv- “ing nails; likewise do not use a carpenter’s hammerfor machine work. Tools should be used only for thekind of work for which they are intended.47.14 Steel or cast iron hammers should not be usedon tempered tools, hardened pins, etc. Use soft metal, ”rawhide or composition mallets.

Pliers47.15 Grasp plier handles at the ends, not near thehinge where you may pinch your hand.47.16 Wear goggles when clipping ends of wire.Hold wire and cutters so that cut ends will be directedtoward the floor.47.17 Keep face above the level of your work soas to avoid possible injury to face or eyes. This ap-plies particularly to the use of long nose pliers.

Wrenches47.18 Do not use a wrench on objects or machineryin motion.47.19 Keep wrenches in good condition.

THINK FIRST AND BE SAFEI

8 5

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47.23 Never use pipe wrenches with worn jaws.They may slip and cause an injury.47.24 Be careful when using a wrench so that youdo not pinch your fingers; also be sure of your foot-ing so that you do not slip or fall.47.25 Never use a piece of pipe to extend the wrenchhandle for leverage, as the added strain may breakthe handle and inflict an injury.

48. SCREWDRIVERS

48.1 The screwdriver, of which there are manytypes in use, is responsible for many injuries.48.2 A screwdriver shall not be used as a chisel.Iniuries result from this misuse.4813 A screwdriver shall not be used while youare in such a position that if it should slip it mightstrike your face or body.48.4 Long screwdrivers shall not be carried in thepockets, as the projecting blades may cause a seriousinjury.48.5 A dull screwdriver or one with a roundedblade frequently causes injury. Don’t use one inthis condition.48.6 Screwdrivers should be provided with goodhandles and blades should be kept in good conditionso that they will not slip.48.7 A screwdriver shall not be used for any pur-pose other than to drive screws or remove them.To do otherwise is apt to result in an injury.48.8 Avoid holding a screwdriver in one handand the material to be worked on in the other. Ifthe screwdriver should slip, you are apt to be in-jured. It is better to hold the work on a bench orin a vise.48.9 All automatic screwdrivers shall be equippedwith finger guards.

A SAFETY TIP-DON’T SLIPI.

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49. ACETYLENE WELDING & OXYGENCUTTING

49.1 No torch shall be used outside of regularlyauthorized welding areas without first consultingthe Works Inspection Department for approval.Failure to do so has resulted in serious fires.49.2 Only properly trained and instructed menshall be permitted to use oxyacetylene apparatus.49.3 Only men thoroughly familiar with the op-eration of regulators and the method of attachingfittings shall be allowed to instruct others.49.4 Tanks should be handled carefully. Knocks,falls or rough handling are apt to damage the cylin-ders, valves or fuse plugs, cause leakage and pos-sibly an explosion.49.5 The regulator is a delicate piece of apparatusand should be handled carefully. It should not bedropped or pounded.49.6 Unless cylinders are on a suitable carryingdevice, regulators should be removed when the outfitis moved.49.7 Place tanks in a location where no movingobjects can strike or knock them over. Gases thathave an affinity for one another should be kept asafe distance apart.49.8 Do not use copper fittings on acetylene tanks,as acetylene acts on copper under certain conditionsto produce an explosive compound.49.9 Do not use oil or grease on cylinder caps,regulators, gauges or fittings. An explosion mayresult if you do so.49.10 Do not allow rags or other material to reston the tops of tanks.49.11 Do not handle tanks with oily or greasy

DON’T DEPEND ON LUCK-BE CAREFUL

89

gloves, as oil or grease on the tanks may cause anexplosion. Oily or greasy tanks are also difficult tohandle safely.49.12 The inside of a new hose is covered with talc.Be sure to blow it out before using.49.13 Hose should be inspected each day beforeusing.49.14 Never repair hose with tape. Employ theproper standard fittings.49.15 Never use a match to light a torch. Frictionlighters are provided for this purpose.49.16 Do not light torch with both the valves open,as it may cause a back-fire.49.17 Always blow out tank valve before attach-ing regulators, to remove dirt or any other foreignmatter that may have accumulated.49.18 Always point the acetylene outlet away fromthe oxygen tank so that a possible leak cannot causean explosion. Never face the gage while openinga tank and you will not be injured if a gage bursts.49.19 Do not attempt to repair a leaking tank. Re-move it from the building immediately.49.20 Always make sure that the hose is properlyconnected and that all connections are tight.49.21 Under no condition shall ‘a tank be carriedby a crane or hoist, since a severe explosion mightresult in case it were dropped, or it hit somethingsolid.49.22 Never use a wrench or other tool on a valve.USE A KEY.49.23 Always make sure that all pressure is re-leased from both diaphragms after shutting off atank, to avoid the possibility of having gases in thechamber which may leak and cause a fire.49.24 Acetylene should never be used at a pressureexceeding 15 pounds per square inch. This is themaximum safe limit. Never drain below 12 lbs.pressure, because below this the acetone is drawn

9 0

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up from the cylinder and it gums up the hose, fit-tings, etc.49.25 Torches should never be hung from regula-tors or regulator fittings, because of the danger ofdamaging them.49.26 Be sure that the gases have been completelyshut off before you put a torch down. The hose maybecome entangled with the valves and unexpectedlyrelease gases.49.27 In case of back-fire always close the acetylenevalve first.49.28 The following are frequent causes of back-fire:

1. Permitting the tip to get too hot.2. Holding the tip too close to the job.3. Knocking or rubbing the tip when welding.4. Permitting the tip to get corroded.5. Insufficient pressure of acetylene when light-

ing the torch.6. Not opening the valves to let air and gas flow

into lines before lighting the torch afterchanging either of the tanks.

49.29 Back-fire frequently burns the inner wall ofthe hose and tends to make the hose unsafe.49.30 When two or more sets of tanks are used theyshould be at least ten feet apart.49.31 All tanks shall be securely fastened to pre-vent falling or rolling, so that if trouble should de-velop in one set, it will not be communicated to theother.49.32 Do not store tanks where grease or oil willdrop on them. EXPLOSIONS MAY RESULT. Nooil or grease or other lubricant of any kind shouldbe used to lubricate a regulator or test the gauges;

BETTER A DELAY THAN AN INJURY

91

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.

neither should they be handled ‘with greasy handsor gloves.49.33 Glycerine should be used whenever it is nec-essary to lubricate the adjusting screw or any otherpart of the equipment.49.34 Never use a match to test for leaks, as youmay cause an explosion. Use soapy water.49.35 All welding work should be done behind ascreen whenever possible, so as to protect othersfrom danger of flying sparks or other particles.49.36 When using welding equipment, avoid wear-ing loose or frayed clothing, as it may catch fire.49.3’7 There is danger from flying sparks in burn-ing operations. See that your eyes are properly pro-tected with goggles and if necessary a mask also.49.36 Flames are dangerous to watch without suit-able eye protection. Wear proper goggles.49.39 Never use compressed air for blowing outthe oxygen line, as the air may contain oil, moistureor scale.49.40 Do not use hose that is kinked or damaged.49.41 New hose shall be tagged with the date whenit is placed in service. Do not remove this tag. Hoseshall be junked after two years service.49.42 Tanks should not be subjected to excessivechanges in temperature, as this will change the pres-sure in the tanks.49.43 Tanks should be kept away from flammablematerial such as oil, gasoline, waste, etc., and awayfrom corrosive chemicals and fumes. Tanks shouldnot be exposed to dampness.49.44 Tanks containing gas should be stored in anupright position. Empty tanks shall be immediatelyremoved to storage.49.45 Cylinders of oxygen shall never be stored inthe same room or compartment used for the stor-age of calcium carbide or cylinders of fuel gases.49.46 Acetylene is a fuel gas and must be kept away

9 2

from fire, as any leaking gas may combine with theair to form an explosive mixture.49.47 Empty cylinders in storage shall have theirvalves closed and the valves must also be closedwhen the cylinders are shipped.49.48 Caps should be kept on cylinders except whenthey are in actual use, to protect the fittings againstpossible damage which would allow gas to escape.49.49 Never tamper with safety devices in valveson cylinders.49.50 Use items of protective clothing and equip-ment which are provided for your protection, asinstructed by your supervisor and authorized inManufacturing Standard 16,000.

5 0 . A R C W E L D I N G50.1 Before attempting to perform arc weldingoperations, be sure that you have received full in-structions from your supervisor as to the propermanipulation of the current controls, and the cor-rect way of making a ground connection and strik-ing an arc.50.2 A welder’s helmet, gloves, and spectacle gog-gles equipped with light shade lenses, leggings,leather apron, sleeves, and other protective equip-ment as prescribed by your supervisor and author-ized in Manufacturing Standard 16,000 shall be worn.50.3 Safety shoes are recommended.50.4 Be sure that your helmet is lowered beforeyou strike the arc.50.5 Before entering a welding booth, give a warn-ing such as knocking on the door. If there is an-other operator welding in the booth, he should ceaseoperations and open the door from the inside. Thisr

STOP AND THINK. THAT’S THE WAYTO AVOID INJURIES

9 3

practice will prevent anyone from opening the doorsuddenly, and receiving the flash of an arc in hiseyes or from being struck by hot metal in his eyes,face or on other parts of his body.50.6 When electrode holder is not in use it shallbe placed so that it or the electrode will not causean arc.50.7 If difficulty is experienced in obtaining theproper current, see your supervisor.50.8 Non-operators entering the booth to makeobservations shall be equipped with goggles and ahelmet or hand shield. See that such persons areproperly equipped.50.9 When work has to be performed outside abooth, the arc shall be screened as much as pos-sible to prevent injury to others.50.10 Worn arc welding cables should be replacedat once to prevent damage from short circuits.50.11 Short ends of arc welding electrodes shallbe deposited in suitable containers provided for thatpurpose. This will prevent their starting fires orburning your shoes if you should step on one.

51. WELDINGSpot, Butt and Flash Weldinz

51.1 This type of welding under certain conditionsproduces quite a large amount of sparks and flashes,and small particles of hot metal are thrown a con-siderable distance. Be sure to wear your goggles un-less otherwise instructed by your supervisor. Otheremployees whose duties bring them close to yourwork should be requested to wear goggles also ifthe exposure warrants it. They may not be aware ofthe danger; it is your duty to inform them. Flashesfrom these machines can ignite clothing and hair.Your supervisor will inform you of the protectivemeasures needed in this kind of work. Be sure thatyou are familiar with the operation of your machineand the various adjustments, such as current regu-lation, condition of electrodes and pressure necessaryto produce a good weld.

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52. WOODWORKINGHand Planers and Jointers. Always wear your gog-

gles.52.1 Do not talk to or otherwise distract the at-tention of workmen using woodworking machinery.A moment’s inattention may result in an injury.52.2 Make sure that guards always in place.52.3 Do not try to clean a machine while it is inmotion. To do so is dangerous.52.4 Remove any material that may have beenplaced upon the machine table before you start themachine.52.5 When running short or narrow stock, alwaysuse a push block, so that your fingers will be as faraway from the cutters as possible.52.6 Do not push two or more pieces side by sidethrough the planer, because the thinnest of the twopieces may be thrown back by the planer blades.52.7 The guide should be correctly adjust at rightangle to the cutting head and securely fastened inplace. If it is not properly set, the stock is apt totwist and a kickback may result.52.8 Never let the machine run unattended. Shutoff the power immediately after finishing a job.Someone else may be injured by a machine that isrunning when he has reason to expect it is not.52.9 Cutter blades should be kept well sharpened,evenly ground, and properly and securely fastenedin the head.52.10 Report promptly all defective parts or im-proper adjustment that may develop during the op-eration of the machine.

Many Injuries are Caused by Sendingthe Body Out to Work and the Mind

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Power Saws. Band, Rip, Trim and Swing.52.11 See that the saw is firmly tightened on thearbor.52.12 Do not use a cracked saw. It may break, andflying pieces may cause injuries.52.13 Before placing the saw. in the machine, testit for cracks. If you have any suspicion that the sawis cracked, see your supervisor.52.14 In sawing material into small pieces, or nar-row cuts, the stock should not be fed with the fin-gers. A stick of hard wood made for that purposeshould be used.52.15 Keep your hands away from the blade.52.16 Be sure that the guard is correctly adjustedand is placed as close to the cutter as possible.52.17 When a saw binds in a cut, shut off your ma-chine before trying to release the lumber.52.18 Pile your work so that it will not fall.52.19 While being sawed, material should be heldfirmly against the gage with the hands at a safe dis-tance from the saw.52.20 In no case should the hands be placed backof the saw or work be pulled through from the back,as this is apt to bring your hands too close to the sawto be safe.52.21 Learn to work at one side of the saw as muchas possible. Occasionally pieces of wood are shotback from the saw. They can cause serious injuries.52.22 Do not remove small pieces with your hand.Use a stick. Keep these small pieces away from theback of the saw.52.23 Do not stop the saw too quickly by forcinga piece of wood against the cutting edge when thepower is off.52.24 Many injuries have resulted when attempt-ing to use a rip saw for cutting-off work and viceversa.52.25 Do not reach over a saw to get finished ma-

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terial from the other side, as there is danger of con-tacting the saw.5 2 . 2 6 When using a rip saw, see that the kick-backequipment is in position and in working order.52.27 Be sure the spreader is in place when usingthe rip saw.52.26 Care should be taken when cutting knottywood so that loose knots do not come in contact withthe back of the saw.52.29 Keep the floor around the machine clean.52.30 Be careful not to bump other operators work-ing at their machines. 152.31 If you see an operation being performed ina dangerous manner, report it to your supervisor.

Shapers52.32 Be sure that the work is securely attachedto the form.52.33 Be sure that the cutters are sharp, properlybalanced and tightened before starting the machine.52.34 See that the guard is set no higher than neces-sary to permit clearance for the work.52.35 Be sure that the form is held firmly by bothhands against the collar, to avoid running or kick-ing back.52.36 It has not been found practical to cut againstthe grain. Be sure to cut with the grain on manualfeed shapers.

Mechanical Feed, Shaping, Molding, Jointing, Plan-ing, Tenoning, Etc.

52.37 Be sure that cutters are in good condition,sharpened and balanced properly, and securely tight-ened to the arbor.52.36 See that the feed chain guards are in placeso that fingers cannot be caught between the chainand the work or guard.52.39 See that you become thoroughly familiar with

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all of the starting and stopping devices, whetherbuttons, cranks, or levers.52.40 If you are in doubt about any detail of theoperation-of any of the machines, see your super-visor and obtain instructions before starting them.DO NOT TAKE CHANCES!!!52.41 Use goggles and protective clothing as direct-ed by your supervisor and authorized in Manufac-turing Standard 16,000.

53. OFFICE SAFETY(Shop & Office Locations)

Work in an office is more dangerous than is com-monly supposed. Observe the following rules:53.1 Do not walk along reading correspondenceor without looking where you are going. You maycollide with somebody or something while roundingcorners, or you may bump into the edge of an opendoor. At all times, walk, don’t run.53.2 Do not climb on chairs! desk drawers, boxes,or other makeshift supports in order to reach forsomething. They are apt to slip or tip and cause youto fall.53.3 Avoid leaving desk drawers or file case draw-ers open to be stumbled over.53.4 Do not leave loose objects on chairs or on thefloor.53.5 Do not lean too far back in any chair, espe-cially one of the tilting type.53.6 Straining on tightly closed windows may re-sult in an injured muscle or a hernia. Notify yoursupervisor if a window does not open readily. The

THE BEST SAFETY DEVICE KNOWNIS A CAREFUL PERSON I

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same is of course true of desk or cabinet drawersthat stick.53.7 Do not pile objects insecurely on shelves orelsewhere.53.8 The use of pins for fastening papers togetheris prohibited. Use paper clips.53.9 Knives, scissors or shears shall not be han-dled carelessly.53.10 If you have occasion to visit the shop, stayclear of all machines. If your work makes this pre-caution impossible wear the same protective equip-ment as is worn by the operator.53.11 A safety razor blade is a dangerous tool,Do not use it without an approved holder. Evenhaving one lying in the desk without a holderis dangerous. Do not throw razor blades in wastebasket unless they are well wrapped in paper toprotect the edges.53.12 Do not throw paper clips or “shoot” rubberbands as a means of attracting attention. Seriousinjuries have resulted from this practice.53.13 Report to your supervisor all cases wheredesks, chairs, and wastebaskets are broken, splin-tered, or otherwise in need of repair.53.14 Do not attempt to adjust or repair any officeequipment, such as typewriters, ediphones, etc.53.15 Be considerate of fellow workers in the mat-

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ter of window ventilation. One person shall be re-sponsible for correct ventilation in each office build-ing.53.16 Do not swing your arms when walking downaisles adjacent to desks. Desk corners can cause apainful bruise.53.17 Paper cuts may be serious. When handlingpapers, pick them up at the corners, not at the sides.53.18 Don’t break paper clips as a diversion, Thesharp pieces resulting may cause a puncture wound.

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54. MAIL AND MESSENGER SERVICE54.1 Since mail boys and messengers are requiredto spend most of their time out of their own organi-zation, traversing aisles and stairways and crossingaisle intersections and streets within the Works, itis essential that they become familiar with the pos-sibilities of collisions, falls, eye injuries, etc.54.2 If you are required to use a bicycle withinthe Works, be especially careful to avoid collidingwith people, cars or trucks in the Works’ streets.54.3 When YOU are reauired to leave the Works.you must be familiar w i t h pedestrian traffic lawsand rules and be alert to street traffic hazards atall times.54.4 Stas clear of moving machinery and do notleave maiicase in aisles. Stay clear of moving ma-chinery to avoid being caught in it.54.5 Do not have mail cases, or other packages, inthe aisles, someone may fall over them.54.6 Do not distract the attention of machine op-erators or other workers. This may cause themto get hurt.

55. HEALTH SUGGESTIONS55.1 Clean the teeth, gums and tongue daily, pref-erably before retiring.55.2 At least twice a year, see a dentist.55.3 Always wash your hands before eating.55.4 Do not over-eat. This applies especially tomeat.55.5 Eat plenty of fruit and vegetables.55.6 Take your time in eating, and chew yourfood thoroughly.

IT IS EVERYBODY’S BUSINESSTOBECAREFUL I

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55.7 Have a thorough bowel movement daily.55.8 Stand, sit, and walk erect.55.9 Hold a handkerchief before your mouth whenyou sneeze or cough. Encourage others to do so.55.10 Sleep eight hours. Never sleep with anyonesuffering from a cold.55.11 Go to the oculist every few years. Glassesworn now while reading may save you from thenecessity of wearing them steadily a few years later,and in some cases may even prevent blindness.55.12 Do not worry-it is a short circuit that burnsout the storage batteries of the brain and nervesand destroys the power for activity.55.13 If you are in normal health, stay that way.If you are not in normal health, get that way.55.14 Select a doctor who wants you to stay welland is willing to look for slight functional defects-not one who thinks his only service is in treatingthe sick.55.15 When you become sick, do something for yourcondition at once.55.16 If you have a cold, protect other people. Ifthe other fellow has a cold, protect yourself.55.17 Have an active interest in the people whowork with you.55.18 The common cold is responsible for moreabsence from work than any other single cause.55.19 Neglected colds frequently result in tonsilitis,bronchitis, influenza, pleurisy, and pneumonia.55.20 These respiratory diseases caused nearly 33%of all sickness absence cases of one week or morereported during the winter months of 1936 and 1937.55.21 You may “catch cold” from a germ enter-ing your nose and throat passages from the airexpelled when an infected person talks, coughs orsneezes. You may catch cold by using an unwashedglass, spoon or fork which has just been used bysomeone. with a cold. Washing your hands before

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eating or before touching your face will help pre-vent infection.55.22 People who “take cold,” in distinction to“catching cold” are often those who have poor cir-culation or some local infection in the nose or throat.Wearing either too little or too much clothing! sothat the body is chilled or overheated, often brmgson a cold. If the skin is kept clean and healthy bya frequent warm bath, followed by a cold plungeor shower or a dash of cold water and a vigorousrubbing, the body can better stand quick changes oftemperature.

56. HOME SAFETYObserving the following few simple safety sug-

gestions can prevent a large number of home acci-dents:56.1 See that toys and other things are in a safeplace after children have finished playing with them.56.2 Keep stairways and hallways well lighted andfree from obstruction.56.3 Keep steps and guard railings in good repair.56.4 Tack down or use backing on all loose rugs.56.5 Cover icy steps and walks with sand.56.6 Never stand on a chair, box or bench to hanga picture. Use a step ladder.56.7 Keep matches out of reach of children.56.8 Keep cooking utensils well back on the stove,where children cannot reach them.56.9 Never use gasoline or benzine for cleaning.Carry on your cleaning operations with non-flam-mable liquids out of doors. Better still, send your

SAFETY IS BOUGHTONLY THROUGH THOUGHT

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clothes to a cleaner who is properly equipped to dothe job.56.10 Never use gasoline, kerosene, etc., to start afire.56.11 Use a screen in front of an open fireplace.56.12 Never start your car or keep your enginerunning in a closed garage.56.13 Keep poisons out of children’s reach andwhere there is no danger of their being picked upby mistake.56.14 Never leave shells in a gun when it is not inuse, and never look into a gun when cleaning itunless it has been taken apart or “broken.”56.15 It is a good practice to take a gun apart whenit is not in use.56.16 Take no chances with cuts and bruises. Cleancuts thoroughly and remember that a bruise over abone may cause a bone abscess.56.17 If you are a First Aid graduate., teach yourfamily some of the fundamentals of First Aid.56.16 Do not throw sweepings, contents of vacuumcleaner bags, etc., into a furnace fire, as a dust ex-plosion may result.56.19 Flat rubber rings, similar to those used onpreserve jars, attached to the backs of rugs will in-crease the friction and reduce the possibility of theirsliding on polished floors. A special rubber paintfor this purpose is also available at departmentstores.56.20 Rugs should not be placed at or near the headof a stairway, as they may cause a bad fall down thesteps.56.21 Furniture should be so arranged that no ob-struction is in the normal path of travel.

4HORSEPLAY OFTEN SADDLES SOME-

ONE WITH A LIFE-LONG INJURY

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57. SOLDERING57.1 Safety goggles must be worn when solderingunless the operation has been protected with an ap-proved shield. This is necessary because solder willsputter occasionally and can cause very serious in-juries to unprotected eyes.57.2 Most soldering burns occur because the iron isallowed to slip from the part or terminal beingsoldered. Strict attention to the work at hand andcarefully gauged pressure of the iron on the workwill prevent this.57.3 Bumping against soldering irons or solderingpots, contacting hot torches. and hot holding fixturescause many burns. This hazard can be lessened byusing approved iron holders, placing the iron in theholder properly and by placing these holders in posi-tions on the bench where bumping them i s not pos-

57.4 In soldering operations, hold the iron in theright hand (if left-handed use left hand in such aposition that the iron is at right angles to the solderheld in the other hand. Grip the iron securely toprevent it from slipping from your grasp in the eventthe tip slips at the point of operation.57.5 When cleaning excess solder from the iron tip,wipe it off onto an approved pad or on fireproof mus-lin. Never flip or toss the excess solder from the tipby snapping the iron. Many burns have resultedfrom this bad practice.57.6 Do not file soldering iron tips unless authorizedto do so by your supervisor. Be sure that the file isequipped with a fibre guard to protect your hand.57.7 Be on the alert to detect any breaks or frayedconditions of the soldering iron cords which may re-sult in short circuits. Report all defects of equipmentto your supervisor at once.

i 57.8 When testing iron temperature use solder, nev-er hold the iron near the face to test it. A slight mis-judgment may cause a burn.

( 57.9 Clothing which will protect the body from

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solder splashes should be worn. Generally the armsand legs should be well protected. Protective cloth-ing, such as aprons, caps, and gloves when furnishedto you by your supervisor should be worn properly.Caps must be worn when torches are used and flimsyclothing that will ignite easily should be avoided.57.10 In the event of a burn when soldering, or anyother injury, no matter how slight, report it imme-diately to your supervisor so that prompt medical

II treatment may be given. Solder burns are often verytroublesome if neglected.

ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE during one year at .Hawthorne shows that:

NINE out of TEN persons who were hurt whenusing the stairs were NOT HOLDING THEHANDRAIL.

Most of the injuries on stairs were due toHURRYING AND RUNNING.

More injuries occurred as employees wereLEAVING THE PLANT than at other times.

UNSAFE CLOTHING, such as high heel shoes,oily and slippery soles, and loose trouser cuffs,caused many other injuries to persons usingthe stairs.

DON’T FALL FOR THESE THINGS!

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GENERAL S^AFETY - lead · 2018. 4. 16. · GENERAL S^AFETY HANDBOOK EXCLUSIVE OF WIRE PRODUCTS...

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Transcript of GENERAL S^AFETY - lead · 2018. 4. 16. · GENERAL S^AFETY HANDBOOK EXCLUSIVE OF WIRE PRODUCTS...