GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY AND HEALTH...

1

GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARD

PART 2. WALKING‐WORKING SURFACES

Who Will it Affect?

Scope: Applies to all general industry workplaces and all walking‐working surfaces unless specifically excluded.

Adoption: OSHA C.F.R. (code of federal regulation) 1910 Subpart D ‐

“Walking‐Working Surfaces,” as amended November 18, 2016

Effective in Michigan February 2nd, 2018

2

Why the New Rules?

•Slips, Trips, and Falls are a leading cause of fatality and injury in General Industry.

•It’s estimated it may prevent 29 fatalities and as many as 5,842 injuries annually, nationwide.

•Potential net benefit may be up to $309.5 million dollars per year.

•Slips, trips, and falls account for 15 percent of all accidental deaths. Causing more fatalities than any other cause, second only to motor vehicle accidents.

MIOSHA Part 2 Walking‐Working Surfaces

Michigan ‐ Adopts Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910 Sub Part D

1910.21 – Scope, Adoption, Definitions 1910.26 – Dockboards

1910.22 – General Requirements 1910.27 – Scaffolds and Rope Descent Systems

1910.23 – Ladders 1910.28 – Duty to Have Fall Protection

1910.24 – Step Bolts and Manhole Steps 1910.29 – Fall Protection Systems Criteria and Practices

1910.25 – Stairways 1910.30 – Training Requirements

3

1910.21 Scope and Definitions

‐ New standard consolidates definitions into one section

‐ Deletes multiple definitions and adds new definitions intended to

provide clarity (some of the key/major changes follow)

New and Key Definitions to Know

Anchorage – means a secure point of attachment for equipment such as lifelines, lanyards, deceleration devices, and rope descent systems.

Authorized: Means an employee who the employer assigns to perform a specific type of duty, or allows in a specific location or area.

4


Ladder Safety System – means a system designed to eliminate or reduce the possibility of falling from a ladder. A ladder safety system usually consists of a carrier, safety sleeve, lanyard, connectors, and body harness. Cages and wells are not ladder safety systems.

Qualified: Describes a person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.


Guardrail System: Means a barrier erected along an unprotected or exposed side, edge, or other area of a walking‐working surface to prevent employees from falling to a lower level.

5


Personal Fall Protection System: Means a system (including all components) an employer uses to provide protection from falling or to safely arrest an employee’s fall if one occurs. Examples of fall protection systems include personal fall arrest systems, positioning systems, and travel restraint systems.


Personal Fall Arrest System: Means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a walking‐working surface. It consists of a body harness, anchorage, and connector. The means of connection may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or a suitable combination of these.

Walking‐Working Surface: Means any horizontal or vertical surface on or through which an employee walks, works, or gains access to a work area or workplace location.

6

1910.22 General Requirements for all WWS

Housekeeping:•All places of employment, passageways, storerooms, service rooms, and walking‐working surfaces are kept in a clean, orderly, and sanitary condition.

•Maintained in a clean and dry condition, where wet processes are used, drainage and dry standing places provide using false floors, platforms and mats must be provided.

•Maintained free of hazards such as sharp or protruding objects, loose boards, corrosion, leaks, skills, snow and ice.

1910.22 General Requirements / Housekeeping

7

1910.22 General Requirements

Inspection, maintenance, and repair:

• Walking‐working surfaces are inspected regularly.

• Any condition must be repaired before employees are permitted to use walking‐working surface, or it shall be guarded to prevent use until hazard is corrected.

•Any correction or repair involving the structural integrity of the walking‐working surface, qualified personmust perform or supervise the correction or repair.

1910.23 – Key Requirements for ALL Ladders

Application: The employer must ensure that each ladder used meets the requirements of this section. This ladder covers all ladders except;

(1) Used in emergency operations such as firefighting,

and tactical law enforcement operations, or training

of such.

(2) Designed into or is an integral part of machines or

equipment.

8


Rungs, steps, and cleats:• Must be parallel, level, and uniform, and

• Rungs, steps, and cleats are not less than 10 inches or more than 14 inches measured between the centerline.

•Ladders:• Corrosion‐resistant material or protected against corrosion.

• Free of laceration and puncture hazards.

• Used only for the purpose for which they were designed.


Ladders are inspected before each initial use in each work shift, and more frequently as necessary, to identify any visible defects that could cause employee injury;

9


Any ladder with structural or other defects in immediately tagged “Dangerous: Do Not Use” or with similar language, and removed from service until repaired or replaced.

1910.23 – Key Elements Portable Ladders• Are not loaded beyond the maximum intended load;

• Not moved, shifted, or extended while and employee is on it;

• Not be placed in locations such as passageways, doorways, or driveways when they can be displaced by other activities or traffic.

10

1910.23 – Key Elements Fixed Ladders

• Are capable of supporting their maximum intended load;

• Side rails of through or sidestep ladders extend 42 inches above the top of the landing.

• For side‐step ladders, the side rails, rungs, and steps must be continuous in the extension.

Note: Mobile ladder stands and mobile ladder stand platforms have additional provisions: please attend MTI Full day training session or contact your MIOSHA CET Representative for assistance.

1910.23 – Key Elements Fixed Ladders

11

1910.24 – Key Elements Step Bolts

Installed before January 17, 2017 is capable of supporting its maximum intended load;

Installed on or after January 17, 2017 must support four times its maximum intended load;

Each step bolt is inspected at the start of the work shift and maintained.

1910.25 – Key Elements Stairways

Application. This section covers all stairways (including standard, spiral, ship, and alternating tread‐type stairs), except for stairs serving floating roof tanks, stairs on scaffolds, stairs designed into machines or equipment, and stairs on self‐propelled motorized equipment.

12


•Stairs shall have uniform riser heights and tread depthsbetween landings.

•Can support at least five times the normal anticipated live load, but never less than concentrated load of 1,000 pounds applied at any point.

•Spiral, Ship, or alternating tread‐type stairs may only be used when the employer can demonstrate that it is not feasible to provide standard stairs.


Standard Stairs.

• Have a maximum riser height of 9.5 inches

• Have a minimum tread depth of 9.5 inches

Exception: Stairs installed prior to January 17, 2017 that met the previous standard(s) will be deemed in compliance.

Minimum tread width 22 in (56 cm)

Minimum tread depth 9.5 in (24 cm)

Maximum riser height 9.5 in (24 cm)

13

1910.26 – Key Elements Dockboards

Measures such as wheel chocks or sand shoes, are used to prevent transport vehicle (e.g. a truck, semitrailer, trailer, or rail car) on which a dockboard is placed, from moving while employees are on dockboard; and

Portable dockboards are equipped with handholds or other means to permit safe handling of dockboards.

Note: This is not the same as choking for accessing trailers with Powered

Industrial Trucks – Dockboards were rescinded from Part 1 and moved here.

1910.27 – Key Elements Scaffolds and Rope Descent Systems

GENERAL INDUSTRY SCAFFOLDS SHALL MEET THE REQUIREMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION SAFETY STANDARD PART 12 – SCAFFOLDS AND SCAFFOLD PLATFORMS

14

1910.27 ‐ Key Elements Scaffolds and Rope Descent Systems

Anchorages. The building owner must inform the employer, in writing that the building owner has identified, tested, certified, and maintained each anchorage and it’s capable of supporting at least 5,000 pounds, in any direction, for each employee attached.

The employer must ensure that no employee uses an anchorage before the employer has obtained written information from the building owner.

Rope Descent System

15

1910.28 – Key Elements Duty to Have Fall and Falling Object Protection

General.

◦This section requires employers to provide protection for each employee exposed to fall and falling object hazards.

Note: All fall protection and falling object protection must also meet the requirements outlined in 1910.29.

1910.28 ‐ Key Elements Duty to Have Fall Protection andFalling Object Protection

Protection from Fall Hazards.

Employees exposed to unprotected sides of walking‐working surfaces 4 feet or greater are protected by a guardrail system, safety net system, personal fall arrest system, travelrestraint or positioning system.

16

1910.28 – Key Elements Duty to Have Fall Protection andFalling Object Protection

Holes.

Each hole (including skylights) that is 4 feet or more above a lower level shall be protected by one or more of the following:

‐ Covers

‐ Guardrail Systems

‐ Travel Restraint Systems

‐ Personal Fall Arrest Systems


Stairway floor holes are protected by a fixed guardrail system on all exposed sides, except at the entrance.

Ladder‐way floor holes shall be protected by a guardrail system and toeboards on all sides, except the entrance to the hole, where a self closing gate or offset must be used.

Hatchway and chutes shall be guarded to protect employees from falling into the hole.

17


Dangerous equipment.

Each employee less than 4 feet above dangerous equipment shall be protected by a guardrail system or a travel restraint unless the equipment is covered with a guard.

Each employee greater than 4 feet above equipment must be protected by one of the following:

* Guardrail System * Safety Net System

* Travel Restraint System * Personal Fall Arrest System


Repair Pits, Service Pits, and Assembly Pits less than 10 Feet in Depth.

The use of a fall protection system is not required for a repair pit, service pit, or assembly pit that is less than 10 feet deep, provided the employer:

•Limits access within 6 feet of the edge to only trained and authorized employees.

•Applies floor markings at least 6 feet from the edge of the pit in colors that contrast with the surrounding area, or place a warning line with stanchions not subject to tipping.

18


•Posts readily visible caution signs that meet standard requirements and state:

“Caution‐Open Pit”


Fixed Ladders(extending more than 24 feet above lower level).

Existing fixed ladders installed before November 19, 2018 shall be equipped with a personal fall arrest system, ladders safety system, cage or well.

New fixed ladders installed after November 19, 2018 shall be equipped with a fall arrest system or a ladder safety system.

Final deadline installed after November 18, 2036, all fixed ladders shall be equipped with a personal fall arrest system or ladder safety system. Cages and wells will not be permitted.

19



Stairways.

Stairway landings with open sides greater than 4 feet shall be guarded.

Stairways having at least 3 treads and 4 risers shall be equipped with a stair rail system or handrails.

20

Protection from falling objects.

Toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems shall be used to prevent objects from falling to lower level.

Canopies and Barricades may be used in certain conditions


1910.29 – Key Elements Fall Protection Systems and Falling Object Protection – Criteria and Practices

General requirements.

Provide and install fall protection systems and falling object protection before employees begin work.

Guardrail systems.

Top rail, or guard rail equivalent must be 42 inches, plus or minus 3 inches.

Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate rails or equivalent must be at least 21 inches or installed midway between the top rail and working surface.

21

1910.29 – Key Elements Fall Protection Systems and FalllingObject Protection – Criteria and Practices

Safety net systems

Safety net system must meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1926 subpart M.

Designated areas

Employees stay within the designated areas during work operations, and the perimeter of the designated area is delineated with a warning line.


Handrails and stair rail systems.

• Handrails are not less than 30 inches and not more than 38 inches measured from the edge of the stair tread to the top of the handrail.

• Height of stair rail systems installed before January 17, 2017 is not less than 30 inches from the leading edge of the stair tread to the top of the rail, and for those installed after January 17, 2017the top of the rail is not less than 42 inches.

Stair Rail Hand Rail

22

•Finger clearance between a handrail and any other object is at least 2.25 inches.

•Surfaces of handrails and stair rails shall be smooth‐surfaced to protect from hand injuries, to include punctures, and lacerations, or snagging of clothing.



•Openings ‐ in stair rails shall not exceed 19 inches at its least dimension.

•Handholds ‐ shall have the shape dimension so it can be firmly grasped.

•Projection Hazard – hand rail end shall not present projection hazards.

•Strength – The top of the stair rail must withstand a force of 200 pounds.

23


Personal fall protection systems.

Body belts, harnesses, and other components used in personal fall arrest systems, work positioning systems, and travel restraint systems must meet the requirements of General Industry Part 33 – Personal Protective Equipment for performance, care, and use of personal fall protection systems.

Protection from falling objects. (toe‐board requirements)•Are erected along the exposed edge of a walking‐working surface at a height to protect employee below.

•Have a minimum height if 3.5 inches

•The opening above the walking‐working surface shall be no greater than ¼ of an inch

•Have a minimum height if 2.5 inches when used around vehicle service pits.


24

Grab Handles.

•Are at a minimum 12 inches long

•Are mounted to provide at least 3 inches of hand clearance

•Are capable of withstanding two times the intended load, or a 200 pound horizontal pull force, which ever is greater.


1910.30 – Key Elements Training Requirements

Fall Hazards.

•Before exposer to fall hazards, employees must be provided training for use of personal fall protection systems.

•The training must be provided by a qualified person.

Special Note: Training, documentation of training, and trainer selection is paramount to compliance and employee protection, the employer should ensure those who provide training meet the requirements as a “Qualified Person”.

25


Train each employee in at least the following topics by June 4, 2018:

• The nature of the fall hazards and how to recognize them.

• Procedures to protect from fall hazards.

• Procedures for installing, inspecting, operating, maintaining, and disassembling fall protection systems.

• Correct use of personal fall protection systems including hook‐up, anchoring, and tie‐off techniques, as well as inspection and storage, specified by manufactures.


Equipment hazards.

•Train each employee in the proper care, inspection, storage, and use of equipment before June 4, 2018, or before those employees use equipment.

•Train employees who uses dockboards, in the proper use, anchorage, and prevention of movement.

•Trained in the proper rigging and use of rope descent systems.

•Trained in the proper set up and use of designated areas.

26


Retraining.

Retraining is provided when the employer believes the employee does not have understanding or skill as required by these rules. And;

• Changes in the workplace• Changes in the equipment used.• Observed inadequacies in employee performance

Training must be provided in a manner the employee understands.

Resources

Q & A

https://www.osha.gov/walking‐working‐surfaces/faq.html

FACT SHEET

https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3903.pdf

INTERPRETATIONS

Enforcement Guidance for General Industry Rope Descent System (RDS) Anchorage Requirements (29 CFR1910.27(b)(1))[1910.21(b);1910.27(b)(1);1910.27(b)(1)(i);1910.27(b)(1)(ii);1910.27(b)(1)(iii);1910.27(b)(2)(iv);1910.30;1910 Subpart B;1910 Subpart D]

27

General Industry Safety and Health StandardPart 2 Walking‐Working Surfaces

Thank You

For additional Assistance:

MIOSHA Consultation, Education, and Training Division

517‐284‐7720

www.Michigan.gov/miosha

GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY AND HEALTH...

Documents

Transcript of GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY AND HEALTH...