General Biology Paidi 2011

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    Object:

    Problem:

    Methodology:

    Body of Knowledge:

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    Plant

    Animal

    Protista

    Behavior 

    Organism and Environment 

    Genetic Continuity 

    Diversity and Unity 

    Structure and Function 

    Regulation 

    Evolution 

    History of Concept of Biology 

    Science as Inquiry 

    Mol

    ecular

    Cell

    ular

    Tiss

    ue

    Or

    gan

    Ind

    ividual

    Pop

    ulation

    Co

    mmunit

    y

    Bio

    me

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    Monera

    Protist

    Fungi

    Plantae

    Animalia

    Genetic Continuity 

    Growth, Development, & Diffrentiation 

    Maintenance of a Dynamic Equilibrium 

    Interaction and Interdependence 

    Energy, Matter, and Organization 

    Science Technology and Society 

    Evolution: Pattern & Product of Change 

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    Monera

    Protist

    Fungi

    Plantae

    Animalia

    Maintenance of a Dynamic Equilibrium 

    Structure and Function 

    Organism and Environment 

    Diversity and Unity 

    Science as Inquiry 

    History of Concept of Biology 

    Genetic Continuity 

    Evolution: Pattern & Product of Change 

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    Regulation9.

    Evolution: Pattern & Productof ChangeStructure andFunction8.

    Genetic ContinuityScience Technology andSociety

    Behavior7.

    Maintenance of a DynamicEquilibrium

    Energy, Matter, andOrganization

    Organism andEnvironment

    6.

    Organism and EnvironmentGenetic ContinuityGenetic Continuity5.

    Structure and FunctionGrowth, Development, &Diffrentiation

    Diversity and Unity4.

    Diversity and UnityMaintenance of a DynamicEquilibrium

    Evolution3.

    Science as InquiryInteraction andInterdependence

    History of Concept ofBiology

    2.

    History of Concept of BiologyEvolution: Pattern & Productof Change

    Science as Inquiry1.

    MODIFIED BSCSREVISED BSCSBSCSNO

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    Object:

    Problem:

    Metodhology:

    Body of Knowledge:

    Title of research/investigation/study:

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    Sensing/

    Observing

    Predicting/

    infering ClassifiyingMeasuring

    Communicating

    Drawing chart,etc

    Developing table of

    data

    definiing variables

    operationally

    Identifying

    variables

    Collecting &

    Organizing data

    Developing

    hyphotesa

    Planning ian

    nvestigation

    Analyzing result of

    Observation

    Experimenting

    Describing variablesRelationship

    Summarizing

    Picture 1. Scientific skill (Rezba et al , 1995: 1)

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    1. To identify varieties in one group of organisms

    2. To identify uniformity in varieties of organisms

    3. To explain principles of diversity and unity in biology4. To explain taxonomical and non-taxonomical diversity

    Learning Objective (s):

    Time Allocation: 2 x 50’

    Diversity & Unity 

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    Diversity & Unity

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    Diversity & Unity

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    Diversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & UnityDiversity & Unity

    Differences

    Similarities

    Gene – level ---- Within species

    Species-level ---- Among species

    Ecosystem-level ---- Among system

    Morphologically

    Anatomically

    Bio molecularly

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    Fur

    Peal

    smLLLLLLLLsize

    Y-r-bO-bw-bwR-yGycolor

    C6C5C4C3C2C1Var

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    tail

    pattern

    Gy-spoBrBr-stColor

    LSLLLLLSize

    dcbaVa

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    A Linnean hierarchical classification

    binomial nomenclature

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    Kingdoms

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    ClasifficationA. To Classify objects only

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    ClasifficationA. To Classify objects only

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    Principles of clasiffication

    Using Observable Characteristics (observable,measurable)

    Using Stable Characteristics

    Using Not-Responsive Characteristics to

    environmental factors

    Morphological, anatomical, etc… biochemical

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    ClasifficationB. To Determinate of phylogeny

    Classification of organism:

    Taxonomy of organism

    Phylogeny tree of organism

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    Principles of clasiffication

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    Methods of classification: traditional, phentic, and cladistic.

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    Organism and its EnvironmentOrganism:

    Individual

    Population

    Community

    Biome

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    Niche

    Habitat

    Biosphere

    Environment:

    Organism and its Environment

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    Symbiotic Relationship (mutual, parasitic, commensal)

    Non-Symbiotic Relationship (amensalism)

    Association of Organism

    andInteraction Organism and its Environment

    Ecosystem

    Predation (Predator - Preyor)

    Competition

    Altruism-innate-instinctive

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    Components & Structure of Ecosystem

    I. Biotic (Living Thing)a. Producer

    b. Consumer (herbivore, carnivore)

    c. Detritivore

    d. Decomposer

    II. Non-Biotic (Non Living Thing)

    a. Climatic

    b. Edaphic

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    Functions of Ecosystem

    1. Density (community)

    2. Distribution (community)

    3. Dominance (community)4. Energy flow (ecosystem)

    5. Biogeochemical cycle (ecosystem)

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    Energy Flow

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    Energy Flow

    Consumer III(Carnivore or omnivore)

    Example: Snake

    Consumer II(Carnivore / omnivore)

    Example: Frog

    Consumer I(Herbivore)

    Example: grasshopper

    Example: Plant Leafs

    100

    10

    1

    0,1

    0,9

    9

    90

    Transferred energy

    Energy lost

    0,09

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    Bacteria bounding

    free N2 udara to

    earth nitrogen

    Earth nitrogen (Nitrate, Amonia)

    Bacteri

    tranforming esrth

    nitrogen to free N2

    Nitrogen inprotein of plant

    Nitrogen in

    protein of animal

    Free Nitrogen (N2)

    Death

    animal

    Death BacteriaDeath plant

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    Stability and Balance

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    REPRODUCTION & GENETICSREPRODUCTION & GENETICSREPRODUCTION & GENETICSREPRODUCTION & GENETICS

    • Production again and again insimilar condition

    • Transfer some things (from

    parental to filial)• The things are physical things not

    an attitude ones

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    History toward Blending Theory• Theophrastus (Ancient Greek) proposed that male flowers caused

    female flowers to ripen• Hippocrates (Ancient Greek) speculated that "seeds" were produced

    by various body parts and transmitted to offspring at the time ofconception

    • Aristotle (Ancient Greek) thought that male and female semen mixedat conception

    • Aeschylus, in 458 BC, proposed the male as the parent, with thefemale as a "nurse for the young life sown within her"

    • During the 1700s, Dutch microscopist Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) discovered "animalcules" in the sperm of humans and otheranimals

    • Spermist (1800s) Some scientists speculated they saw a "little man"(homunculus) inside each sperm

    • Ovists (1800s), believed that the future human was in the egg, andthat sperm merely stimulated the growth of the egg. Ovists thoughtwomen carried eggs containing boy and girl children, and that thegender of the offspring was determined well before conception

    • Blending theories of inheritance supplanted the spermists and ovistsduring the end of 19th century. The mixture of sperm and eggresulted in progeny that were a "blend" of two parents'characteristics. --- Mendelian

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    Blending Theory-Interbreeding

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    Blending Theory-Interbreeding

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    Di hybrid

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    Variation

    selection pressure

    survival of the fittest

    differential reproductionMutation

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    Idea:

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    Facts: Evidences or clues

    Fossil evidence

    Morphology comparative Anatomy comparative

    Embryology comparative

    Biochemistry comparative

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    Paidi Hw.

    081804349157 (Pro-XL)

     [email protected]:E-mail 

    08156882306 (Mentari):HP(0274)864604:Telp

    Beran Lor, Tridadi, Sleman:Rumah

    (0274)586186 psw. 219:TelpFMIPA dan Lemlit, UNY:Kantor