Gene mutation and its types
-
Upload
cs-kazipyo -
Category
Science
-
view
185 -
download
0
Transcript of Gene mutation and its types
![Page 1: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GENE MUTATION & ITS TYPES
Presented by: CS KAZIPYO15MSCGPB001 III SemesterM.Sc (Ag) Genetics & Plant Breeding
![Page 2: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
HOW DO MUTATION HOW DO MUTATION OCCUROCCUR
• Mutations may be natural or induced and may be occur at chromosome level or at gene or molecular level
• Spontaneous mutation is due to natural causes like errors in DNA application.
• Induced mutation is caused by artificial agents called mutagens (Physical radiation or Chemical compound).
![Page 4: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
TYPES OF GENE MUTATION
Point Mutation Substitution Insertion Deletion Frameshift
![Page 5: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Point Mutation
• Missense Mutation: DNA → RNA → Protein (Change) (Change) (Change)
• Same/Silent Mutation: DNA → RNA → Protein (Change) (Change) (No Change)
• Non-Sense Mutation: DNA → RNA → Protein (Change) (Change) ( Stop)
![Page 7: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Missense Mutation:Change in nucleotide sequence brings different types of protein.
• Same/Silent Mutation:Change in nucleotide sequence brings no change in protein type. It is due to degeneracy of genetic.
• Non-Sense Mutation:Change in nucleotide sequence brings non-sense codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) at a new position in the mRNA as a result, protein synthesis adversely stops.
![Page 8: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2. Base Substitution• Replacement of one base pair by another pair
in the DNA is known as base substitution.i) Transition:
Purine Purine Purine Purine
→ or →
→ or → Pyrimidine Pyrimidine Pyrimidine Pyrimidine
A
C
G
T
G A
CT
![Page 9: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• ii) Transversion: Purine Pyrimidine Pyrimidine Purine
→ or →
→ or →
Pyrimidine Purine Purine Pyrimidine
A
T
T
C
G
G
C
A
![Page 10: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3. Insertion
• Insertions are mutations in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA.
![Page 11: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
4. Deletion
• Deletions are mutations in which a section of DNA is lost, or deleted.
![Page 12: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• If it occurs in coding sequences and involves one, two or more nucleotides which are not a multiple of three, it will disrupt the reading frame.
![Page 13: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
5. Frameshift Mutation• Mutation caused by the addition or deletion of a
base pair or base pairs in the DNA of a gene resulting in the translation of the genetic code in an unnatural reading frame from the position of the mutation to the end of the gene
![Page 14: Gene mutation and its types](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062306/58efc1721a28ab700a8b4587/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)