Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested...
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Transcript of Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested...
![Page 1: Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested –Articulated We can determine a person’s genes by what is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e7d5503460f94b80230/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Gene Expression
![Page 2: Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested –Articulated We can determine a person’s genes by what is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e7d5503460f94b80230/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Gene Expression?
Expression can be defined as:– Shown
– Manifested– Articulated
We can determine a person’s genes by what is shown or seen in their body.
![Page 3: Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested –Articulated We can determine a person’s genes by what is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e7d5503460f94b80230/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is Gene Expression?
Genes contain the specific information for our body
They are instructions for making proteins Proteins make us:
– look the way we do – function the way we do– develop and grow the way we do– behave the way we do– think the way we do
![Page 4: Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested –Articulated We can determine a person’s genes by what is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e7d5503460f94b80230/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested –Articulated We can determine a person’s genes by what is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e7d5503460f94b80230/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is Gene Expression?
All cells within an organism have the same DNA, but not all genes are expressed. – Example: a neuron (nerve cell) will express
genes necessary for nerve function. Therefore, some genes are active (or
expressed) in some cells and some genes are inactivated
![Page 7: Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested –Articulated We can determine a person’s genes by what is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e7d5503460f94b80230/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How are genes expressed? With the help of RNA
![Page 8: Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested –Articulated We can determine a person’s genes by what is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e7d5503460f94b80230/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Making Proteins
Step One = Transcription
Step Two = Translation
![Page 9: Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested –Articulated We can determine a person’s genes by what is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e7d5503460f94b80230/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Transcription
1. Initiation: DNA section with desired gene (the yellow strand) is unzipped by RNA polymerase (the green triangle)
2. Elongation: RNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides, mRNA strand is made (torquoise strand)
3. Termination: when a stop sequence is reached, mRNA separates from DNA and DNA is re-zipped
![Page 10: Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested –Articulated We can determine a person’s genes by what is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e7d5503460f94b80230/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
RNA Processing Before leaving the
nucleus:– 1. Introns are
removed or spliced - “junk DNA”
– 2. Exons (“expressed”) are put back together
– 3. mRNA leaves the nucleus
See page 204 (fig. 8.26) in your text for more info
![Page 11: Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested –Articulated We can determine a person’s genes by what is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e7d5503460f94b80230/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Codon
3 letter sequence on mRNA
Carries code for amino acid from DNA
Anti-codon
3 letter sequence on tRNA
Complimentary to mRNA codon
![Page 12: Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested –Articulated We can determine a person’s genes by what is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e7d5503460f94b80230/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1. Initiation: Ribosome finds the first codon of the gene on mRNA (It’s ‘AUG’ for every gene!)
2. Elongation: ribosome shifts down to next codon; tRNA brings in next amino acid, repeats
3. Termination: ribosome reaches a “stop” codon, protein is released
Translation
![Page 13: Gene Expression. What is Gene Expression? Expression can be defined as: –Shown –Manifested –Articulated We can determine a person’s genes by what is.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e7d5503460f94b80230/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Animations
Transcription Translation
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How does the cell determine what amino acid goes with the mRNA’s codon?
CODON = AUG
Start in the center and work your way out
A
U
G
Amino acid is methionine
Try finding the amino acid for the codon ‘CUA’ LEUCINE
Decoder Chart #1 –
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REVIEWMAKE SURE YOU KNOW THE FOLLOWING! What gene expression means 4 Differences between DNA and RNA 3 Types of RNA and their functions Codon and Anticodon How mRNA is processed Steps of Transcription Steps of Translation How to use the ‘decoder chart’(s)