Gender Politics- Mildred Costelo

8/6/2019 Gender Politics- Mildred Costelo

1/37

GENDER POLITICS

It has been a politicalissues for many years, aswomen have been eithertotally exclude from, ormarginalized by, the malepower structures of everymajor political system.


2/37

The right to vote was only won bywomen in the twentieth century,

even in advanced democracies.

In recent decades, however,

significant changes have occurred

while still living much ground tocover.


3/37

POLITICS OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION

Only in the last few decadeshas the mainstream political

agenda come to accommodateissues of sexual orientation.

While issues of gay rights

remain controversial,especially in some religions orcultures, the political


4/37

systems in most liberal

democracies have shown

some positive movement inthis area.


5/37

THE POLITICS OF GENDER

Dr. Steven Goldberg

It is terribly self-destructive,

to refuse to accept ones ownnature and the joys and

powers it invests.


6/37

*VALUING OF MALEATTRIBUTES

DISTORTS FEMINIST REASONING:

Feminism was once

dominated by the idea that

sex-related tendencies arepurely cultural in origin.

The higher statusthe more

competitive the positionthe

lower will be the percentage of

women


7/37

*THE MALE OCCUPY MORE HIGH-STATUS

ROLES BECAUSE THEY ARE MOTIVATED

MORE STRONGLY TO ACHIEVE THAT HIGH

STATUS.

*he does not argue that either sex is

uniquely associated withcompetence. But he does say thatfew women would devote the lifelongexpenditure of energy necessary to

achieve such positions and anyincrease of women in these positionswill be slight.


8/37

WHEN FEMALES SUPERVISE MALES:

*Even if the males greater

dominance tendency were

over- ridden and largenumbers of women placed in

positions of authority, it is

unlikely that stability could be

maintained.


9/37

THE UNIVERSALITY OF PATRIARCHY:

*An idea that undergirds muchof feminist thinking is that

patriarchy, matriarchy andequiarchy are all equallypossible, and there is no

natural order which decreesthat men will rule in everysociety.


10/37

* Accordingly, feminist tend to

say that our expectations of

men and women are culturallydetermined, and therefore

infinitely malleable.


11/37

COGNITIVE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

THE SEXES

*We know that men and womenthink and behave differently,

whatever the causeThesocial is given its limits anddirection by the physiological

Falsity of assumption cannotbe balanced by a doubling ofemotional investment


12/37

*There exist in our culture, apowerful hunger to believe that

gender differences in cognitiveaptitudes are exclusively natural.Men surpass women in dealing

with high-level logic andabstraction, which lead them toexcel in math, composing, chess,

philosophy and so forthfields inwhich, he says, there is nowoman of genius.


13/37

*Women equal surpass men on

all cognitive tests not related tomathematical reasoning or

associated aptitudes, although

neither sex is more intelligent

than the other, he says, when

we speaks of intelligence in abroader sensein all its

different forms.


14/37

*He stresses that none of this

information justifiesdiscrimination against the woman

who happens to be as qualified

as a man in a male- dominatedfieldbut she must be aware,

realistically, that she can never

hope to live in a society that doesnot attach feminine expectations

to women


15/37

DECLARATION OF THE2002NATIONAL

ELECTORAL REFORM SUMMIT

Taking note of the seriousproblems and shortcomings of ourpolitical and electoral system;

Recognizing the urgent need forreforms, notwithstanding the pastand current initiatives of state

reformists and civil society, in thePhilippine electoral process.


16/37

*adhering to the basic tenets of

a broad grassroots-based

democracy and rejecting elite

monopoly in our politicalsystem:

*Stressing the constitutional

mandate to democratizeaccess to political power.


17/37

*heeding the voice of our peoplefor democratic participation in ourelectoral process and ingovernance;

*taking off from the impetus forgovernance reforms underscoredby EDSA I and EDSA II.

*Taking advantage of the

favourable environment fordemocratic governance in Asiaand in the whole world.


18/37

A. LEGISLATIVE AGENDA

1. Enabling law on absenteevoting

2. Law to strengthen the Philippinepolitical party system.

3. Amendments to R.A 7941, the

Party-List Law4. Law on structural reforms in

electoral management.


19/37

5. Implementing law on local

sectoral representation.6. Enabling law on constitutional

ban against political dynasties

7. Law on continuing citizen and

voter education.


20/37

B. ACTION AGENDA

1. Implementation of electoral

modernization.

2. Launching intensive of civicliteracy and voter education.

3.

Building broad consensusregarding constitutional

reform.


21/37

4. Establishment of multi-sectoralcitizen alliance on electoral

reforms.

5. Pursuing the electoral reforms

summit resolutions and

sustaining the summitinitiatives.


22/37

CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

PHIL. CHARTER CHANGE also

known as CHA-CHA

- Refers to the political and otherrelated processes involve in

amending or revising the current

1987 Constitution of the

Philippines


23/37

Peoples Initiatives

Constituent assembly

Constitutional convention

All three would lead to areferendum wherein theproposed amendment/s or

revision/s has to be approved bythe majority of Filipinos in orderto be adopted.


24/37

CHARTER CHANGE: PRES. RAMOS

The proposed changes in theconstitution included a shift to

a parliamentary system andthe lifting of term limits ofpublic officials.

Ramos argued will bring moreaccountability, continuity andresponsibility to the gridlock


25/37

prone Philippine version ofpresidential bicameral system.

Critics argued that the proposed

constitutional changes for one

would benefit the incumbent

which during that time wasRamos.


26/37

CHARTER CHANGE:

PRES. JOSEPH ESTRADA

CONCORD or ConstitutionalCorrection for Development:

according to its proponents,would only amend the restrictiveeconomic provisions of the

constitution that is consideredas impending the entry of moreforeign investments in the Phils.


27/37

Again an objections from

opposition politicians, religioussects and left wing organizations

based on diverse arguments

such as national patrimony andthe proposed constitutional

changes would be self serving.

accused of pushing Charter

Change for their own vested

interest.


28/37

CHARTER CHANGE: PRES. ARROYO

election campaign platform duringthe 2004 elections and wasconsidered as high priority.

created the ConsultativeCommission; was to propose thenecessary revisions on the 1987

constitution after variousconsultation from different sectorsof society.


29/37

PROPOSALS:

A shift to a unicameralparliamentary form of government

Economic liberalizationFurther decentralization ofnational government

More empowerment of localgovernments via transition to aparliamentary-federal government


30/37

1. Sigaw ng Bayan s Peoples

Initiative Their aim was to gather enough

signatures in order to call for a

plebiscite on the proposed

constitutional changes via

Peoples Initiative mode.

Opposed Group:

One Voice


31/37

Communist Party of the Phils.

New Peoples Army October 25,2006, the supremecourt, under Chief Justice

Artemio Panganiban, narrowlyrejected Sigaw ng BayansPeoples Initiative; this time, on

the grounds that the initiativefailed to comply with the basicrequirements of the Constitution


32/37

for conducting a peoples

initiative.2. Constituent Assembly by House

Speaker Jose de Venecia Jr.

attempted to push for

constitutional change process by

convening the House of Representative of the Phils and

the Senate of the Phils into a


33/37

Constituent Assembly or con-ass.

The anti-terrorist change forcesthreatened massive protest on the

political process that could lead

to a plebiscite on the charterchange issue.

*FormerPres. Estrada

*left wing BAYAN

*El Shaddai Movement


34/37

*Jesus is Lord Movement

*LaRouche Youth Movement*Communist Party of the Phillipin

*and other cults and personalities

Called this as eating rally, thereligious leaders called on thewhole nation to embrace electric

post, face removal and characterchange instead of systematicchanges such as charter change


35/37

3. Constituent Assembly by

Nograles-PimentelOn May 1, 2008 announced by

Prospero Nograles this Federal

system of government is close tomy heart as a Mindanaoan

leader and Im sure most of the

leaders in Mindanao will agree

that we have long clamored for it.


36/37

THANK YOU

&

GOD BLESS!

PREPARED BY:MA.MILDRED A. COSTELO


37/37

Senate Resolution 10 is a pleasantsurprise because senate has a

long history of opposing any moveto amend the constitution.

The joint Senate resolution calledfor the creation of 11 federal statesin the country, by convening ofCongress into a constituentassembly for the purpose of

revising the Constitution toestablished federal system ofgovernment.

Gender Politics- Mildred Costelo

Documents

Transcript of Gender Politics- Mildred Costelo