A gender issue arises out of an identifiable gender gap. A gender issue is caused by the socially determined roles

of women and men .

Gender Issues

Sex

Sex: The Biological Dimension

Sex indicates the biological/physical differences between men and women that we are born with, based on our sexual and reproductive functions.

The terms male and female are used to describe the sex of an individual.

Gender: The Cultural Dimension

Gender indicates the socially-created differences between men and women and is changeable in societies, cultures and even families over time.

Gender refers to the economic, social and cultural attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female.

Gender

understanding that there are socially determined differences between men and women based on learned behavior, which affect through gender analysis

in projects, programs, budgets and policies.

Gender Awareness

encompasses the ability to acknowledge and highlight existing gender differences, issues and inequalities in projects, programmes, budgets and policies and to incorporate these into strategies and actions.

Gender Sensitivity

Things That Could AFFECT Gender

Gender Socialization The process of learning to be male or female.Gender Scripts: The social expectations of

gender assigned to males and females.

Learning Gender…EarlyThe family introduces the child to an

expectation of gender. Toys play a vital role in this process of gender

socialization.

Parents and Gender Socialization

Children's clothing and toys reflect their parents' gender expectations.

Children are often assigned household tasks according to gender.

Schools and Gender SocializationTeachers provide messages about gender

through classroom assignments and informal interactions with students.

Mass Media and Gender Socialization

Gender Socialization at Workthe modern workplace dismisses the double

burden of working women who must balance child care and full-time work

Women are more likely to be ‘mommy-tracked’-penalized for leaving the workforce to give birth and expected to leave the workforce.

11

1) Same Sex Marriage Marriage2) Domestic Violence3) Quality of Education for Males only (Old

Time)4) Superiority Males5) Politics (Males sits on the higher position

than females)

Gender Issues

Youth Empowerment

“Youth” is best understood as a period of transition from the dependence of childhood to adulthood’s independence.

Awareness of our interdependence as members of a community.

Youth is a more fluid category than a fixed age-group.

Young people considered as a group.Age range 12 to 24

Youth

 To equip or supply with an ability.to give power to (someone)

Empowerment

Youth empowerment is an attitudinal, structural, and cultural process whereby young people gain the ability, authority, and agency to make decisions and implement change in their own lives and the lives of other people, including youth and adults.

Youth empowerment is often addressed as a gateway to intergeneration equity, civic engagement and democracy building 

Community provides programs centered on youth empowerment..

Youth Empowerment

Leadership SeminarsSummer CampTrainingsConferencesYouth Councils..and other methods

Activities

Non-Government Officials

Roles of NGO’s

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is any non-profit, voluntary citizens' group which is organized on a local, national or international level.

Manage by Private Sector.Played a major role in pushing for sustainable

development at the international level. Task-oriented and driven by people with a common

interest, NGOs perform a variety of service and humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to Governments, advocate and monitor policies and encourage political participation through provision of information.

Some are organized around specific issues, such as human rights, environment or health. 

What is Non-Government Officials

1) Social Development-refer to the notion of social progress or socio cultural evolution

2) Sustainable Community Development3) An organizing principle for human life.

ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social, political, and economic challenges faced by humanity.

3) Sustainable Consumption & Development-Wise use of resources

4) Business Partnership5) Environmental Sustainability

Roles of Non-Government Officials

Public Officials

Roles of PO’S

Structures of LGUs in the Philippines

The national government by law creates, merges or abolishes LGUs, endows them with powers within their jurisdictions and determines national-local government units.

While these local units may be created by law, the Local Government Code mandates that the residents of the areas affected by the creation should approve the measure in a plebiscite.

Design and implement its own organizational structure and staffing pattern taking into consideration its service requirements and financial capability, subject to the minimum standards and guidelines prescribed by the Civil Service Commission.

Roles of Public Officials

Organizational Structure

National Government

ARMM

5 Provinces

117 Municipaliti

es

2490Barangay

s

MMDA

1 Municipalities16 Cities

Barangay Barangay

1 City

National Government

ProvinceHighly

Urbanized City

Component City

Municipality

Barangay

Barangay

Barangay

Structure of Philippine Local Government Padilla: 1998

make political decisions. Like earmarking revenues for different projects for the public good. These decisions generally take the form of ordinances.

Government units shall promote the establishment and operation of people's and nongovernmental organizations to become active partners in the pursuit of local autonomy.

basic services shall devolved by Public Officials to the LGU’s by the Local Government Code:

1) Include the implementation of programs and projects on primary health care, maternal and child care, and communicable and non-communicable disease control services;

2) Health services which access to secondary and tertiary health Services.

3) Purchase of medicines, medical supplies, and equipment needed to carry out the services

4) Social welfare services which include programs and projects on child and youth welfare, family and community welfare, women's welfare, welfare of the elderly and disabled persons;

On Health and Social Services:

On Environmental Management:

1) Solid waste disposal system;

2) Services or facilities related to general hygiene and sanitation;

3) Implementation of community-based forestry projects which include integrated social forestry programs and similar projects;

4) Management and control of communal forests;

On Agriculture:

1) Inter -Barangay irrigation system;2) Water and soil resource utilization and

conservation projects;3) Enforcement of fishery laws in municipal

waters including the conservation of mangroves;

On Infrastructure:

1) Maintenance and Rehabilitation of the following:

a) roads and bridgesb) school buildings and other facilities for public

elementary and secondary schools;c) clinics, health centers and other health facilitiesd) small water impounding projectse) fish ports; artesian wells, spring development,

rainwater collectors and water supply systems;f) seawalls, dikes, drainage and sewerage, and flood

control;g) traffic signals and road signs; and similar facilities;

On Tourism:

1) Tourism facilities and other tourist attractions;

2) Acquisition of equipment;3) Regulation and supervision of business

concessions; and4) Security services for such facilities

1) Department of Foreign Affairs: Albert F. del Rosario2) Department of Finance: Cesar Purisima3) Department of Justice: Leila M. de Lima4) Department of the Interior and Local Government: Mar Roxas5) Department of Health: Dr. Enrique T. Ona6) Department of Agriculture: Proceso J. Alcala7) Department of Public Works and Highways: Rogelio L. Singson8) Department of Transportation and Communications:Joseph Emilio Abaya9) Department of Education: Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC10) Department of Social Welfare and Development: Corazon Juliano-

Soliman11) Department of Labor and Employment: Rosalinda D. Baldoz12) Department of Budget and Management: Florencio B. Abad13) Department of National Defense: Voltaire T. Gazmin14) Department of Science and Technology: Engr. Mario G. Montejo15) Department of Agrarian Reform: Virgilio R. de los Reyes16) Department of Tourism: Ramon R. Jimenez, Jr.Department of Trade and

Industry: Gregory L. Domingo17) Department of Environment and Natural Resources: Ramon J. P. Paje18) Department of Energy: Carlos Jericho L. Petilla

Administrative of Services

THE ISSUES/ CONCERNS

(a) The inadequacy of the internal revenue shares of the localgovernment units to meet the budgetary requirements ofthe devolved function, programs and projects;

(b) The continued lack of budgetary support from the nationalgovernment for the full implementation of devolvedtertiary health services;

(c) The interference of national government in personnel andfiscal management of eth local government units;

(d) The need to further broaden the tax base of the localgovernment units; and

(e) The need to devolve more power functions and programs.

Roles of Civil Societies

Peace and Terrorism

A occurrence of harmony.Characterized by lack of violence, conflict

behaviors and the freedom from fear of violence.Commonly understood as the absence

of hostility and retribution.peace also suggests sincere attempts

at reconciliation, the existence of healthy or newly healed  interpersonal or international relationships.

Prosperity in matters of social or economic welfare, the establishment of equality, and a working political order that serves the true interests of all.

What is PEACE?

Terrorism has no legally binding, criminal law definition.

refer only to those violent acts that are intended to create fear (terror); are perpetrated for a religious, political, or ideological goal; and deliberately target or disregard the safety of non-combatants.

It also include acts of unlawful violence and war.

What is TERRORISM?

1) Philippine Sea (Philippines vs. China)2) 9/11 Attack3) Maguidanao Massacre

Issues in Peace and Terrorism