Gender Equality in Sweden Carolina Wennerholm for ITP Human Rights towards Gender Equality, Mena,...

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Gender Equality in Sweden

Carolina Wennerholm for ITP Human Rights towards Gender Equality,Mena, September 2011


European context

Late 1800, early 1900 Civil and political rights movement

1930-40s, time of war, nativity crisis

1960-70s, gender roles, women’s empowerment

1980-90s, gender studies, gender equality legislation, gender main-streaming


Hunders hpwHunters, housewives, parental leave


Hunters, housewives to parental leave


Hunters, house wife’s to fathers’ parental leave• 1921 Rigth to vote• 1925 “Mother

insurance” introduced

• 1931 Birth control allowed

• Until the beginning of the 1970s, women’s role was generally to be a ”house wife”


Hunters, house wife’s to fathers’ parental leave

• In 1971, individual taxation was introduced

• In the 1960s and 70s, a wide debate on women’s role

• Childcare was also radically expanded in the 1970s

• Parental insurance introduced in 1974, which allowed both men and women to take paid parental leave


Hunters, house wife’s to fathers’ parental leave

• 1980 law against discrimination in working life

• 1983 all professions open for women

• 1994 Sex desegregated statistics = official statistics

• 1995 parental leave, one month for father and mother respectively reserved (of 1 year)

• 2004 Gender mainstreaming plan in the government public administration


Swedish policy and institutions

• All ministries, state authorities, local authorities have the responsibility to promote gender equality

• A Ministry of Gender Equality and Integration (integrated 2010)

• Discrimination Ombudsman 2009


Women and men in parliaments in 2010

Women Men0

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World AverageEU averageSweden

www.morgondagen.se

Salary

Källa: SCB 2008

www.morgondagen.se

Men and women acording to type of work, SCB 2008

www.morgondagen.se

Managment and employees

Anställda privat sektor

Chefer privat sek-

tor

Anställda of-fentlig sek-

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Chefer of-fentlig sek-

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Chefer totalt0

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Kvinnor Män

Källa: SCB 2008


Swedish policy and institutions• Every employer with more

than 10 employees have to yearly make a gender equality plan

• Legal action against discrimination is supported by the ”Discrimination Ombudsman”

• Obligation for an employer to prevent and report sexual harassment

• Gender statistics = official statistics


Norms and traditions


The contemporary discussion in Sweden

• Violence against women• Women in the private sector• Gender pay gap• Men’s right to equal custody of children • Men’s use of parental leave• More men into traditional female dominated areas

and more women into male dominated areas• Young persons perceptions in relation to sexuality• Gender equality and diversity


Sweden’s most modern sportsteam


Welcome to Sweden!!!


Policy issues

• Education- free education for all, encourage girls in natural sciences, reproductive education in school, more men teachers. Key area.

• Health- reproductive health, a gender and medicine research center. Key area.

• Labour- reconciliation policies, non-traditional jobs, encourage women entrepreneurs, women in management and boards. Key area.

• Defence – army open for women and men, gender equality policy, 1325 Plan of Action

• Environment- not much developed, projects on waste management, data on transportation.

Gender Equality in Sweden Carolina Wennerholm for ITP Human Rights towards Gender Equality, Mena,...

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