Gemilerde Kullanılan Valfler ve Borular

1. Valves Valve types & applications

2. Valve type by function

STOP VALVES Closed or (wide) open to isolate equipment or system, or route flow .

THROTTLE VALVESmay bepartially opened to control (throttle) flow.

CHECK VALVES Permit flow in one direction only: open when upstream pressure is greater than down-stream, closed when downstream pressure is higher

STOP-CHECK VALVES Act as stop valve when closed, check valve when fully opened; may be throttled to control flow (in one direction)

STOP VALVES

THROTTLE VALVES

CHECK VALVES

STOP-CHECK VALVES

REGULATING VALVES (Automatically)control the flow at one location in a system in response to a signal (flow, temperature, pressure, level, etc.) from another portion of the system or from a different system.Includes:

Pressure Regulating Valves

Back-pressure Regulating (unloading) Valves

STOP VALVES

THROTTLE VALVES

CHECK VALVES

STOP-CHECK VALVES

REGULATING VALVES

RELIEF VALVES (Automatically)open at a predetermined level above the normal operating pressure to protect system.

SAFETY VALVES similar to relief valves, but reset at a pressure below their popping level

5. GATE VALVES

Stop valvefunction only (closed or wide open)

SEAT DISC BONNET BODY PACKING GLAND STEM HANDWHEEL YOKE 6. GATE VALVES

Disc travel >= diameter of disc

Little resistance to flow when opened

D h 7. BALL VALVES

Stop valvefunction only (closed or wide open)

Suitable for high pressure liquid systems (S.W. valves on submarines)

BODY PACKING GLAND STEM HANDLE 8. BALL VALVES

Open/close with only 90 orotation of handle

Valve open with handle in line with piping

Negligible opposition to flow when fully open

9. BUTTERFLY VALVES

Stop valveorthrottlingfunction

SEAT DISC BODY HANDLE STEM 10. BUTTERFLY VALVES 11. GLOBE VALVES

Stop valveorthrottlingfunction

SEAT DISC BONNET BODY PACKING GLAND STEM HANDWHEEL 12. GLOBE VALVES

Stop valve or throttling function

Valve fully open when annulus area around disc equals inlet area

D 2 /4 =D hwhen

D D D h A = Dxh

h =D 4 slack 13. GLOBE VALVES

Numerous construction forms

14. CHECK VALVES

Swing Check

May be mounted horizontally or vertically

Lift Check

Horizontal mounting only

15. STOP-CHECK VALVE

Closed: functions as a stop valve

Open: functions like a check valve

Can be used to throttle

h =D 4 slack 16. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE

Isolating Valves

Pumps:Suction&Discharge

Heat Exchangers, metering & control devices:inlet&outlet

Root Valves

F.O. HTR suction discharge inlet inlet outlet outlet root V. burner V. M 17. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE

Control Valves

Constant Pressure Regulator

F.O. HTR suction discharge inlet inlet outlet outlet inlet outlet P M 18. REGULATING VALVES

Pressure Regulating(Maintain downstream pressure)

Regulated pressureclosing force

Springopening force

Unloading: Maintain upstream (back) pressure

Regulated pressureopening force

Springclosing force

P REG P REG make-up dump 19. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE

Control Valves

F.O. Press Regulating Valve

F.O. HTR suction discharge inlet inlet outlet outlet inlet outlet inlet outlet Comb Contr (air) signal P P M 20. REGULATING VALVES

Air-Regulated

Downward Seating Upward Seating direct acting indirect acting 21. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE

Control Valves

F.O. Temp Regulating Valve

F.O. HTR supply suction discharge drain inlet inlet outlet outlet inlet outlet inlet outlet Comb Contr (air) signal inlet outlet pilot v sensor P P M 22. REGULATING VALVES

Air-Regulated

Other controls:

Temperature

23. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE

Control Valves

F.O. Temp Regulating Valve

F.O. HTR supply suction discharge drain inlet inlet outlet outlet inlet outlet inlet outlet Comb Contr (air) signal inlet outlet pilot v sensor P P M 24. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE

Normally closed Valves

Relief valves

F.O. HTR supply suction discharge drain inlet outlet Comb Contr (air) signal pilot v sensor P P M 25. Relief & Safety Valves

Relief Valvesopen & reset at same pressure

Safety Valvesreset at pressure below openining (popping) pressure

Pop Reset= Blowdown

26. VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE

Normally closed Valves

Relief valves

By-pass valves

Recirculating Valves

F.O. HTR supply suction discharge drain inlet outlet Comb Contr (air) signal pilot v sensor P P M 27. Piping Pipe & pipe fittings Tubing & tube fittings 28. Nomenclature:

Piping refers to any assembly of pipes, tubes, valves, and fittings that forms all or part of a system for the conveyance of fluids

Piperefers to non-flexible fluid conductors designated by diameter and wall thickness ( strengthorschedule )

Tubingcan be, and usually is, bent at installation, is more flexible than pipe, and is designated by nominal outside diameter and wall thickness

Fittingsare devices employed to join sections of pipe, tubing (or hose) in a piping system.

29. Pipe sizes

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is approximate inside diameter ofStandard Pipe(Schedule 40)

Example:

3 STD pipe

OD= 3.5; ID= 3.068 ( wall thickness is 0.216)

3 XS(sched 80)

3Schedule 160

3.5 3.0 30. Pipe sizes

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) for pipes with O.D.14 is theoutside diameter

Example:

16 STD(sched 30)

OD= 16; ID= 15.25 ( wall thickness is 0.375)

16 XS(sched 40)

16Schedule 160

16 15.25 31. Tube sizes

Outside diameterin inches orsixteenths(#12 tube has an outside diameter of in., #16 has an outside diameter of 1 inch, etc.)

Wall thicknessas a decimal (.065 ) or Birmiongham Wire Gauge (BWG) number (16 BWG = .065, 18 BWG is thinner-walled and 14 BWG is thicker-walled)

Copper Tubingis often designated by slightly different parameters

Nominal size0.125 inches less than the actual outside diameter (1 copper tubing has an O.D. of 1.125)

Wall thickness-designated by type K, L, or M (with type K the most robust)

32. Pipe connections

Welded

Butt weld

Backing ring removed or ground away after weld

V-groove Backing Ring

Fillet weld

Welded

Threaded

American National taper pipe thread (NPT) isNOTthe same as machine threads on nuts & bolts

External threads are cut with aDIE Internal threads are cut with aTAP Pipe die set 34. Pipe connections

Welded

Threaded

Flanged

Flanges may be threaded, welded, or cast integral to pipe section

Welded

Threaded

Flanged

GASKET (LP) Rubber, paper, flexible graphite, synthetics, etc. Bolt Nut Stud GASKET (HP) Metallic,Flexitallic 36. Tube connections

Tube installations are never straight runs; deliberate bends allow for a reduction in length which can occur as the tube is pressurized

37. Tube connections

Braised (sweated)

At start, brazing alloy in annular slot infittingand flux, applied totubein clearance area

Tube is heated and expands, flux forced out of clearance area & braze alloy contacts tube

Fitting is heated and clearance area opens; flux & alloy flow out

Both tube & fitting are heated; as alloy flows out in penetrates & bonds surfaces

Brazing Material Flux 38. Tube connections

Braised (sweated)

Flare fittings

Flared tube Flaring Tool Body or connector Nut 39. Pipe fittings

Welded, brazed, flanged or threaded connections

Threaded connections shown

Internally threadedCAP Externally threadedPLUG 40. Pipe fittings

Connecting equally sized pipe sections

Externally threadedNIPPLE Internally threadedCOUPLING 41. Pipe fittings

Connecting equally sized pipe sections

The three-pieceUNION

Run of piping can be opened without removing large sections

1 2 3 42. Pipe fittings

Connectingun -equally sized pipe sections

Externally threaded (larger)& Internally threded (smaller) reducingBUSHING Internally threadedBELL REDUCERcoupling 43. Pipe fittings

Connectingmultiplepipe sections

SIDE-OUTLET TEE REDUCING TEE TEE CROSS Y-BEND(Y-Branch) SIDE-OUTLET ELBOW 44. Pipe fittings

Changing flow direction

ELBOW STREET ELBOW (street-EL) U-BEND(Return Bend) RETURN BEND with BACK-OUTLET

45 oand 30 oElbows

Reducing Elbow

Reducing Street-EL

Reducing Side-outlet Elbow

45. Tube fittings

Same variety as for pipe, outfitted for either flare or brazing connection

Gemilerde Kullanılan Valfler ve Borular

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