Gemi Pompaları ve Pompa Operasyonları
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Transcript of Gemi Pompaları ve Pompa Operasyonları
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PUMPS
Pumping Basics
Centrifugal Pumps
Positive Displacement Pumps
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Pumping BasicsPUMPS deliver energy (lb-ft, lb-in, joules. Etc.) to a given
volume (cu.in., cc. gallon= 231 cu.in., liter= 1000cc) Pressure is usually thought of as force/area, but is also energy/volume
(lb-in/in3 = lb/in2 or psi) Pressure x Flow is power: energy/vol x vol/time PSI x GPM = HP; Pascals x m3/sec = watts 1714
Energy Gain (ib-in)per unit volume (in3)
= lb/in2 (psi)
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Pumping Basics HEAD, energy per pound of liquid, commonly expressed in feet representing the
vertical height of a static column of liquid corresponding to the pressure of the fluid at the point in question
In general, a liquid may have three kinds of energy. That is, the capacity to do work may be due to three factors: Potential Head - (energy of position, i.e. the work obtainable in dropping a
vertical distance) Hz is directly measured in feet Static Pressure Head - (energy per pound due to pressure, i.e. the height to
which a liquid can be raised by a given pressure) Hp(ft) = [PSI x 2.31] / SG Velocity Head - (kinetic energy per pound, i.e. the vertical distance a liquid
would have to fall to acquire velocity V) Hv(ft) = V2 / 2g
P 1 psi P 1 psi P 1 psi
2.31 ft
H2OSG= 1
GasolineSG= 0.7
MolassesSG= 1.5
1.54 ft
3.3 ft
VelocityV
HV= V2
2g
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P
Pumping Basics Total Pump Head, is the difference between the energy per lb
on the discharge side vs. the suction side of a pump (expressed in feet) Zs & Zd are the elevation (ft) to the point of suction or discharge measure
from thr datum plane (usually through the center of the pump’s inlet port) Hfs & Hfd are the friction losses (in feet) in the direction of flow to/from the
pump suction & discharge parts to the respective measuring points
H= ( Pd – Ps ) x 2.31/SG
+ ( Zd – Zs )+ ( Vd2 – Vs2 )
2 g+ ( Hfd – Hfs )
P
Ps
Pd
Vs Zs
Zd
Vd
Hfs
Hfd
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Pump Types
Kinetic vs. Positive Displacement
Centrifugal vs. Special Effect e.g., Jet Pump (Eductor)
Radial vs. Axial vs. Mixed Flow
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Centrifugal (Radial Flow)IMPELLER
EYE
VOLUTE
DISCHARGE
SUCTION
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(Radial) Centrifugal Pump Varieties
Impeller construction Horizontal vs. Vertical
Closed Impeller
Semi-closed Impeller
Open Impeller
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(Radial) Centrifugal Pump Varieties Single suction
Multi-stage centrifugal pumps
Double suction
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P
Centrifugal Pump Characteristics
FLOW (GPM)
PRESSURE (PSI)
IDEAL
ACTUAL
PUMP CHARACTERISTIC
SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC
SHUT-OFF HEAD (no flow)
OPERATING POINT
PUMPSYSTEM
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P
Centrifugal Pump Characteristics
FLOW (GPM)
PRESSURE (PSI)
IDEAL
ACTUAL
PUMP CHARACTERISTIC
SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC
SHUT-OFF HEAD (no flow)
OPERATING POINT
PUMPSYSTEM
PUMP CHARACTERISTIC (higher RPM)
SHUT-OFF HEAD (no flow) PUMP CHARACTERISTIC
(lower RPM)
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Pump TypesKinetic vs. Positive Displacement
Reciprocating vs. Rotary
Fixed volume pushed through each stroke (recip) or revolution (rotary)
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P
Pos. Displ. Pump Characteristics
FLOW (GPM)
PRESSURE (PSI)
IDEALACTUAL
PUMP CHARACTERISTIC
SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC
OPERATING POINT
PUMPSYSTEM
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Pos. Displ. Pump Characteristics
FLOW (GPM)
PRESSURE (PSI)
IDEALPUMP
SYSTEMACTUAL
P
?
Relief Valve
Relief Valve setting
Through Pump
Into System RecircRecirc
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Pos. Displ. Pump Characteristics
FLOW (GPM)
PRESSURE (PSI)
IDEALPUMP
SYSTEMACTUAL
P
Relief Valve
Relief Valve setting
Through Pump
Recirc
Increase Pump Speed
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Reciprocating Pumps Double acting Single acting
one cycle
one volone vol
one cycle
one volone voltwo volstwo vols
GPM= VOL(gal) x CYCLE/MIN GPM= 2 x VOL(gal) x CYCLE/MIN
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single or double actinghorizontal or vertical
Reciprocating Pumps Simplex (one piston) Duplex
Steam End Liquid End
Slide Valve Valve Chest
single or double actinghorizontal or vertical
Triplex & Multiplex
Motor or Engine driven
Multiple (3 or more) plungers (pistons)
single or double actinghorizontal or vertical
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Reciprocating Pumps Diaphragm Pump (air operatated)
DISCHARGE
SUCTION
SHUTTLE VALVE
AIR SUPPLY
EXHAUST
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Rotary PumpsGear Pump (external gear)
(Internal) Gear Pump
= volume betw adj teeth
in3 x # teeth x 2 gears x RPM231 in3/gal
= GPM
Driving Gear
Driven Gear
Driving Gear
Driven Gear
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Rotary Pumps Gear Pumps Lobe Pumps
One rotor does not drive the other
Timing Gears required
Two, three, or more lobes possible:2 lobes = “rotating piston”
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Rotary Pumps Gear Pumps Lobe Pumps Screw Pumps
Double-screwDouble-endwith Timing Gears
Triple-screwDouble-endwithout Timing Gears
Double-screwSingle-endwithout Timing Gears
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Rotary Pumps Gear Pumps Lobe Pumps Screw Pumps Sliding Vane Pumps
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Rotary Pumps Gear Pumps Lobe Pumps Screw Pumps Sliding Vane Pumps Liquid Piston Pump
Circulated water acts as piston
Air drawn in to create vacuum
Used to prime centrifugal pump
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Pumping OperationsStarting Procedures
Securing Procedures
Sytem Operation
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General Considerations
• Insure that suction side piping is lined up as intended. All suction connections should be checked to prevent drawing from some unintended location.
• Insure that discharge piping is lined up as intended. All discharge connections should be checked to prevent inadvertent discharge to an unintended space or overboard.
• Be familiar with normal operating parameters (pressures, temperatures, etc.) so that abnormalities may be detected promptly.
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Centrifugal Pumps
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Rotary (P.D.) Pumps
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Steam Recip. PumpsSUPPLYSUPPLY
EXHAUSTEXHAUST
DISCHARGEDISCHARGE
SUCTIONSUCTION
STEAM END
LIQUID END
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Turbine Feed Pumps
SUPPLYSUPPLY
EXHAUSTEXHAUST
DISCHARGEDISCHARGE
SUCTIONSUCTION
PRESS PRESS REG V.REG V.
RECIRCRECIRCDRAINDRAIN
L.O. SYSTEML.O. SYSTEM
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Turbine Feed Pumps
DRAINDRAIN
DISCHARGEDISCHARGE
SUPPLYSUPPLY
EXHAUSTEXHAUSTSUCTIONSUCTION
PRESS PRESS REG V.REG V.
SUCTIONSUCTION
MAINMAIN AUXAUX
RECIRCRECIRCL.O. L.O. PUMPPUMP
O/S O/S TRIPTRIP
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Turbine Feed Pumps
SUPPLYSUPPLY
PRESS PRESS REG V.REG V.
SUCTIONSUCTION EXHAUSTEXHAUST
DISCHARGEDISCHARGE
RECIRCRECIRCDRAINDRAIN
L.O. SYSTEML.O. SYSTEM
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Turbine Feed PumpsSUPPLYSUPPLY
PRESS PRESS REG V.REG V.
L.O. supply
Fd. Pump discharge pressure
L.O. return
PILOT PILOT VALVEVALVE
OPERATING OPERATING CYLINDERCYLINDER
Press incr
Press decr
… or relax spring
… or tighten spring
Reach rod
Operating piston drops decreasing steam flow
Operating piston rises increasing steam flow
With spring tension & pump pressure balanced, steam flow is constantOverspeed trip drops operating piston & shuts off steam flow
O/S Trip
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Piping systems• Example 1: (Generic) Fuel oil Transfer
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Piping systems• Fuel oil Transfer Manifold
SUCTION
FILL
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Piping systems• Example 1: (Generic) Fuel oil Transfer
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Piping systems• Example 1: (Generic) Fuel oil Transfer
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Piping systems• Example 2: Bilge, Ballast, Fire Main
SEA CHESTS
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Piping systems• Bilge Manifolds Ballast Manifolds
Low pressure in upper chamber draws bilge water up
Stop-check prevents bilge flooding
Ballasting or deballasting possible
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Piping systems• Example 2: Bilge, Ballast, Fire Main