Gemeente Amsterdam Afval Energie Bedrijf 4 th -generation Waste Incineration Dr. K. D. van der Linde...

Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf

4th-generation Waste Incineration

Dr. K. D. van der LindeAmsterdam Waste & Energy

Enterprise

ECOTECH, AmsterdamMay 14, 2003

4th-generation Waste Incineration

Dr. K. D. van der LindeAmsterdam Waste & Energy

Enterprise

ECOTECH, AmsterdamMay 14, 2003


INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

1. Introduction2. Europe3. The Netherlands4. Amsterdam5. Concept of Installation6. New generation of waste incineration7. Conclusion

1. Introduction2. Europe3. The Netherlands4. Amsterdam5. Concept of Installation6. New generation of waste incineration7. Conclusion


SocietySociety

Raw materials

Air

Water Waste Water

Waste

Exhaust

Society


Closing the loopClosing the loop

Air

Water Waste Water

Waste

Exhaust gas

Society

WTE

Energy

Raw materials


Waste is a RENEWABLE !Waste is a RENEWABLE !

Richer than most RAW MATERIALS Richer than most RAW MATERIALS

Waste ENERGY

Waste Fired Power

Plant

SustainableOrganic=


2. The Waste Market in Europe2. The Waste Market in Europe

Total waste in EU:1300 million ton/year Municipal Solid Waste:182 million ton/year

(14%)

MSW per capita:490 kg/year

Total waste in EU:1300 million ton/year Municipal Solid Waste:182 million ton/year

(14%)

MSW per capita:490 kg/year


Classification of household-wasteClassification of household-waste

mixed in bag or container 242 Green-rests, Garden 120 big items, re-building materials 72 Paper 68 Glass 22 Metals, electrical 6,3 Small Chemical Waste 1,7

Total collected 532(in kg/j per person)

mixed in bag or container 242 Green-rests, Garden 120 big items, re-building materials 72 Paper 68 Glass 22 Metals, electrical 6,3 Small Chemical Waste 1,7

Total collected 532(in kg/j per person)


Market forcesMarket forces Market liberalisation Under-capacity for incineration Changing regulation:

- Classification of treatment- Classification of waste- Residues- CO2-Reduction- Europe

Public awareness

Market liberalisation Under-capacity for incineration Changing regulation:

- Classification of treatment- Classification of waste- Residues- CO2-Reduction- Europe

Public awareness


3. Dutch scenario's 20123. Dutch scenario's 2012

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Not CombustibleCombustibleReuse

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Not CombustibleCombustibleReuse

Total Waste Production

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

20

02

Op

timis

tic

Pe

ss

imis

tic

Landfill Other waste incineration R1 Hazardous waste R1 Sludges D10 Incineration D10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

20

02

Op

timis

tic

Pe

ss

imis

tic

Landfill Other waste incineration R1 Hazardous waste R1 Sludges D10 Incineration D10

Combustible Waste

MT

on/year


Price differencesPrice differences

EURO

Landfill: 30,- to 50,- plus new “green-Tax”

Compost: 50,- to 70,-

Incineration: 70,- to 120,-

Recycling: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EURO

Landfill: 30,- to 50,- plus new “green-Tax”

Compost: 50,- to 70,-

Incineration: 70,- to 120,-

Recycling: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Dutch landfill costs Dutch landfill costs

Operating costs 30 - 50 €/ton

Environmental tax 15 € /ton

Tax combustible waste 55 € /ton

Total 100 - 120 €

/ton

Operating costs 30 - 50 €/ton

Environmental tax 15 € /ton

Tax combustible waste 55 € /ton

Total 100 - 120 €

/ton


“Integral chain efficiency” “Integral chain efficiency”

Energy 30%

WTE 30%

Household

Energy28%

Energy 2%

Household

Separation (mechanical)

Separation Separation

Overall efficiency

30%

25%

Percent of Mass

25%

20%

Conversion efficiency

Digestion 5%

RDF40%

Landfill

recovery Material

Energy 30%

WFPP 30%

Household Material


Mission of the Mission of the AEBAEBMaximise use out of wasteMaximise use out of waste

Lowest tariff for the civilianLowest tariff for the civilian

Optimal environmental performanceOptimal environmental performance

Technological innovations Technological innovations

Strategic aimsStrategic aims

4. Amsterdam4. Amsterdam


Waste & Energy Enterprise AmsterdamWaste & Energy Enterprise Amsterdam

Generations:- 1917 : 150.000 ton/year, no flue-gas cleaning

1969- 1969 : 500.000 ton/year, de-dusting- 1993 : 800.000 ton/year, chemical cleaning- 2006 : +500.000 ton/year, RECOVERY

Local government owned, “commercial” operation Long term contracts Industrial scale 78,- Euro per ton

Generations:- 1917 : 150.000 ton/year, no flue-gas cleaning

1969- 1969 : 500.000 ton/year, de-dusting- 1993 : 800.000 ton/year, chemical cleaning- 2006 : +500.000 ton/year, RECOVERY

Local government owned, “commercial” operation Long term contracts Industrial scale 78,- Euro per ton


1st Incineration 1919-19691st Incineration 1919-1969


AVI-Noord 1969-1993AVI-Noord 1969-1993


Aerial picture (overview)Aerial picture (overview)


Investment per ton related to the design-capacity of Dutch Waste Incineration

Investment per ton related to the design-capacity of Dutch Waste Incineration

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900Capacity in 1000 ton/year

€ p

er to

n/y

ear

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900Capacity in 1000 ton/year

€ p

er to

n/y

ear

AVI-AmsterdamAVI-Amsterdam


5. CONCEPT OF THE EXISTING INSTALLATION

5. CONCEPT OF THE EXISTING INSTALLATION

Horizontal grate 4 draw boiler semi dry Spray Absorber Acid + neutral washer Electro Dynamic Ventury

No waste water

Horizontal grate 4 draw boiler semi dry Spray Absorber Acid + neutral washer Electro Dynamic Ventury

No waste water


BoilerBoiler


Flue gas CleaningFlue gas Cleaning


Recycling of residuesRecycling of residues

Input 1 ton Bottom ash 230 kg Road

construction Iron 20 kg trade Metals Non-Ferrous 5 kg trade fly-ash 13 kg filler in tarmac

Salts (gas cleaning) 12 kg landfill1000 kg

Input 1 ton Bottom ash 230 kg Road

construction Iron 20 kg trade Metals Non-Ferrous 5 kg trade fly-ash 13 kg filler in tarmac

Salts (gas cleaning) 12 kg landfill1000 kg


PROJECTSPROJECTS Increasing Energy-output

- District heating- Second economiser

Decreasing residues + Reuse- Salt recovery- Bottom ash washing

Reducing maintenance

Increase throughput- Sewage sludge incineration

Increasing Energy-output- District heating- Second economiser

Decreasing residues + Reuse- Salt recovery- Bottom ash washing

Reducing maintenance

Increase throughput- Sewage sludge incineration


6. New generation in Waste incineration6. New generation in Waste incineration

Historical waste incineration “generations”:

0 Open air incineration

1st 1900 oven

2nd 1960 dust removal from flue gas

3rd 1985 chemical cleaning of flue gas

In this presentation we outline a new step:

4th 2006 recovery of energy and materials

Historical waste incineration “generations”:

0 Open air incineration

1st 1900 oven

2nd 1960 dust removal from flue gas

3rd 1985 chemical cleaning of flue gas

In this presentation we outline a new step:

4th 2006 recovery of energy and materials


Why new generation ?Why new generation ?

Historical development of public awareness:

newly identified needs lead to

a new technical concept.

So now recovery is the “next logical step”.

Historical development of public awareness:

newly identified needs lead to

a new technical concept.

So now recovery is the “next logical step”.


Energy-potential in WasteEnergy-potential in Waste

Waste in EU: 182 MTon/year x 10 MJ/kg x 30%

Electricity: = 550 PJ / year= 150 TWh / year= 17.300 MW-continuous= 8 % of total EU-

production

Avoided CO2 = 60 million Tons per year

Waste in EU: 182 MTon/year x 10 MJ/kg x 30%

Electricity: = 550 PJ / year= 150 TWh / year= 17.300 MW-continuous= 8 % of total EU-

production

Avoided CO2 = 60 million Tons per year


4th-generation Incineration: HE-WTE4th-generation Incineration: HE-WTE

Cost must go down Reliable, proven technology

Energy Optimisation to the max !!Leap from 22% to >30%

Material reuse to the max !!Fe, Al, Cu, Gypsum, CaCl2,Washed bottom ash = N1 quality

building material

Washed fly ash = inert

Cost must go down Reliable, proven technology

Energy Optimisation to the max !!Leap from 22% to >30%

Material reuse to the max !!Fe, Al, Cu, Gypsum, CaCl2,Washed bottom ash = N1 quality

building material

Washed fly ash = inert


HR-AVI projectHR-AVI project

Systematic approach to optimise

recovery

Using proven technologies in new

combination

Energy efficiency from 22% to >30%

Now in contracting phase

Systematic approach to optimise

recovery

Using proven technologies in new

combination

Energy efficiency from 22% to >30%

Now in contracting phase


Sketch steam reheatingSuperheated steam 440-480°CSteam pressure 125-130 barSteam reheating after HP-turbineExtra economiser

135 bar335°C

130 bar480°C

14 bar190°C

13 bar320°C

x2x1

Superheater

0,03 bar25°C

Reheater


Sketch Boiler design- Large 1st draw: Height >20m, Flue-gas velocity < 3m/s- Large 2nd and 3rd-draw- Super-heater: Flue-gas velocity < 2,5 m/s- Second Economiser after fabric filter- Flue-gas recirculation (primary and secondary air)

3e2e1e

Evaporator Superheater

Economiser

2 3 4

terti

secu

terti

secu

Prim

1st 2nd

850°C

3rd650°C

SSH1

180°C

1

4th

Ketelas 1 Ketelas 2

Bodemas

SSH2

SSH3

SSH4

ECO1

ECO2

ECO3


Investments AVI + HR-AVIInvestments AVI + HR-AVI Year 1993 2003 Capacity (Ton/Year) 800.000

500.000 Investment: (Million €)

- Incineration 190 150- Flue-gas Cleaning 170 100- Energy production 60 70

+Total 420 320

Year 1993 2003 Capacity (Ton/Year) 800.000

500.000 Investment: (Million €)

- Incineration 190 150- Flue-gas Cleaning 170 100- Energy production 60 70

+Total 420 320


HR-AVI extension

sketch Rudolf DAS

HR-AVI extension

sketch Rudolf DAS


7. CONCLUSION7. CONCLUSION COST, can/must go DOWN

SIMPLE process, do it OPTIMAL

Environmental efficiency, use al SYNERGY

Efficiency > 30% instead of 22%

COST, can/must go DOWN

SIMPLE process, do it OPTIMAL

Environmental efficiency, use al SYNERGY

Efficiency > 30% instead of 22%


Recovery is the new RuleRecovery is the new Rule

It was WI: Waste incineration

It is WTE: Waste To Energy

It will be WFPP: Waste Fired Power Plant

When efficiency greater than

30%

It was WI: Waste incineration

It is WTE: Waste To Energy

It will be WFPP: Waste Fired Power Plant

When efficiency greater than

30%

Gemeente Amsterdam Afval Energie Bedrijf 4 th -generation Waste Incineration Dr. K. D. van der Linde...

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