Gedu 6170 Mixed Methods Research

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GEDU 6170 Discussions Saad Chahine, PhD May 13, 2014

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Gedu 6170 Mixed Methods Research

Transcript of Gedu 6170 Mixed Methods Research

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GEDU 6170 Discussions

Saad Chahine, PhD May 13, 2014

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Discussion

• Summarizing– Remind the readers of the results – Does not overstate findings – Reintroduce the purpose and how this study related to the purpose

• Explaining – Provide interpretation of the results – Bring in bigger picture issues – Provided a contexts in which to interpret the results

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Discussion

• Implications– Explain the implication of this research– Sometimes it’s a directive to change – Enhance the knowledge base

• “Future Research is Needed”– Reflection on the limitations of this work for generalizability – Importance of the topic – Why more work is needed

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GEDU 6170 Mixed Methods

Saad Chahine, PhD May 13, 2014

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Research Approaches

Q QMM

Quantitative Qualitative

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Pick Your Top Three Theory generation Collaborative Pluralistic Reductionism Social and historical construction Empirical observation and measurement Understanding Power and justice oriented Consequences of actions Theory verification Multiple participant meetings Change-oriented Problem-centered Political Determination Real-world practice oriented

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Worldviews “a basic set of beliefs that guide action” (Guba, 1990, p. 17 cited in Creswell, 2014, p. 6)

Postpositivism Constructivism

• Determination • Reductionism • Empirical observation and

measurement • Theory validation

• Understanding • Multiple participant meanings• Social and historical construction • Theory generation

Transformative Pragmatism

• Political • Power and justice oriented • Collaborative • Change-oriented

• Consequences of actions • Problem-centered • Pluralistic • Real-world practice oriented

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Three Components of Research Approach

Research Methods

Design

Philosophical Worldviews

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Postpositivist Worldview

Positivist:• Traditional form of research • Scientific method • Empirical science

Postpositivist:• Challenges the notion of absolute truth • Deterministic philosophy in which causes determine

effects*

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Postpositivist Worldview

• Assesses causes that influence outcomes • Reduce ideas to a small set of ideas to test out as

variables • Research is governed by research questions or

hypothesis • Careful observation and measurement of

observations • Testing a theory

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Example of a Theory

p.1041 Dweck (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist.

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Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory – original 1979

Licensed Under Creative Commons http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bronfenbrenner%27s_Ecological_Theory_of_Development.jpg#file

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Five Main Points 1. Knowledge is conjectural…– Cannot prove a hypothesis; we state failure to

reject the hypothesis or “accept it”

2. Research is the process of making claims…– Start with testing a theory

3. Data, evidence, and rational considerations… – Collecting information through the use of

instruments

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Five Main Points

4. Research seeks to develop relevant, true statements… – Advances the understanding of relationship

among variables

5. Being objective is essential… – Validity and reliability are critical

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Constructivist Worldview

• Belief that individuals seek understanding of the world

• Belief that people develop subjective meanings of their experiences

• Researchers look for the complexity of views, not the reduction of variables that explain maximal variance

• Interview questions are often very open ended to allow participants to construct their own knowledge of situations

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Constructivist Worldview

• Researchers focus on the processes and interactions • Recognition that researcher’s personal background

shape interpretation and meaning (interpretivism) • Develop a theory or pattern of meaning instead of

testing from theory (grounded approach)

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3 main points 1. Construct meaning through interacting with

the world we interpret – Researches use open ended questions

2. Make sense of the world based on personal historical and societal perspectives – Interpretation is also tied to researcher

3. Generation of meaning is social from and within community– Meaning generated from data collected

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Transformative Worldview

• Developed from a belief that research methods do not fit marginalized individuals…

• Not well defined, includes researchers from various foci and includes: feminist, critical theorists, racial and ethnic minorities, persons with disabilities

• Individuals often overlooked

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Transformative Worldview

• Element of advocacy in research; the research is directional towards a cause

• Research contains an action agenda that may change the lives of those involved (differs from action research)

• Issues address important aspects: empowerment, inequality, and oppression…

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Four Main Points

1. Research focuses on lives of people who have traditionally been marginalized

2. Research focuses on inequities based on gender, race, ethnicity, and disability…

3. Links to political and social action to inequalities 4. Utilize program theory and why problems of

oppression, domination and power exist

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Pragmatism

• Arises from actions, situation and consequences

• Focus on “what works”• Focus on problem more than methods • Practical more than focus on methods

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Eight Points

1. No commitment to one philosophy or method 2. Researchers have freedom to chose methods,

techniques etc…3. Look at many ways of collecting data and comparing

it (triangulation) 4. “Truth is what works at that time”

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Eight Points

5. There is an intended purpose for the research and an examination of consequences

6. Research is situated in context (social, historical, etc.)

7. Practical purpose for research; no need to focus on the nature of the world

8. Very open approach to collecting, analyzing and looking at data

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Research Design

• Quantitative • Qualitative • Mixed Methods

*design within each of these categories differs and has evolved through the years*

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Quantitative

• True experiments – Randomized control trials

• Quasi-experiments– Not as random (more natural)

• Causal-comparative – Explain variation (regression based)

• Correlation Based – Relationship among two or more variables

• Longitudinal Analysis – Repeated measures of more than 3 time points

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Qualitative

• Case study • Ethnography • Phonological • Narrative • Self inquiry • Focus groups • Cognitive interviews • Iterative designs

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Mixed Methods

• Multiple ways to mixed the two methods

Big question:

Is your research Multi-method or Mixed Method?

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Mixed Methods

• Convergent Parallel– Mixing occurs at the end

• Explanatory Sequential – Steps/Phases

• Advanced – Transformative mixed methods

• Draws from ideas of social justice

– Embedded mixed methods• Embedding Quant or Qual within the other

– Multiphase mixed methods• Over time multiple parts

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Activity

• In groups review the article you were provided • As a larger group identify: – Purpose– Methodology– Importance – Relevance to Education