Gedu 6170 Mixed Methods Research
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Transcript of Gedu 6170 Mixed Methods Research
GEDU 6170 Discussions
Saad Chahine, PhD May 13, 2014
Discussion
• Summarizing– Remind the readers of the results – Does not overstate findings – Reintroduce the purpose and how this study related to the purpose
• Explaining – Provide interpretation of the results – Bring in bigger picture issues – Provided a contexts in which to interpret the results
Discussion
• Implications– Explain the implication of this research– Sometimes it’s a directive to change – Enhance the knowledge base
• “Future Research is Needed”– Reflection on the limitations of this work for generalizability – Importance of the topic – Why more work is needed
GEDU 6170 Mixed Methods
Saad Chahine, PhD May 13, 2014
Research Approaches
Q QMM
Quantitative Qualitative
Pick Your Top Three Theory generation Collaborative Pluralistic Reductionism Social and historical construction Empirical observation and measurement Understanding Power and justice oriented Consequences of actions Theory verification Multiple participant meetings Change-oriented Problem-centered Political Determination Real-world practice oriented
Worldviews “a basic set of beliefs that guide action” (Guba, 1990, p. 17 cited in Creswell, 2014, p. 6)
Postpositivism Constructivism
• Determination • Reductionism • Empirical observation and
measurement • Theory validation
• Understanding • Multiple participant meanings• Social and historical construction • Theory generation
Transformative Pragmatism
• Political • Power and justice oriented • Collaborative • Change-oriented
• Consequences of actions • Problem-centered • Pluralistic • Real-world practice oriented
Three Components of Research Approach
Research Methods
Design
Philosophical Worldviews
Postpositivist Worldview
Positivist:• Traditional form of research • Scientific method • Empirical science
Postpositivist:• Challenges the notion of absolute truth • Deterministic philosophy in which causes determine
effects*
Postpositivist Worldview
• Assesses causes that influence outcomes • Reduce ideas to a small set of ideas to test out as
variables • Research is governed by research questions or
hypothesis • Careful observation and measurement of
observations • Testing a theory
Example of a Theory
p.1041 Dweck (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist.
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory – original 1979
Licensed Under Creative Commons http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bronfenbrenner%27s_Ecological_Theory_of_Development.jpg#file
Five Main Points 1. Knowledge is conjectural…– Cannot prove a hypothesis; we state failure to
reject the hypothesis or “accept it”
2. Research is the process of making claims…– Start with testing a theory
3. Data, evidence, and rational considerations… – Collecting information through the use of
instruments
Five Main Points
4. Research seeks to develop relevant, true statements… – Advances the understanding of relationship
among variables
5. Being objective is essential… – Validity and reliability are critical
Constructivist Worldview
• Belief that individuals seek understanding of the world
• Belief that people develop subjective meanings of their experiences
• Researchers look for the complexity of views, not the reduction of variables that explain maximal variance
• Interview questions are often very open ended to allow participants to construct their own knowledge of situations
Constructivist Worldview
• Researchers focus on the processes and interactions • Recognition that researcher’s personal background
shape interpretation and meaning (interpretivism) • Develop a theory or pattern of meaning instead of
testing from theory (grounded approach)
3 main points 1. Construct meaning through interacting with
the world we interpret – Researches use open ended questions
2. Make sense of the world based on personal historical and societal perspectives – Interpretation is also tied to researcher
3. Generation of meaning is social from and within community– Meaning generated from data collected
Transformative Worldview
• Developed from a belief that research methods do not fit marginalized individuals…
• Not well defined, includes researchers from various foci and includes: feminist, critical theorists, racial and ethnic minorities, persons with disabilities
• Individuals often overlooked
Transformative Worldview
• Element of advocacy in research; the research is directional towards a cause
• Research contains an action agenda that may change the lives of those involved (differs from action research)
• Issues address important aspects: empowerment, inequality, and oppression…
Four Main Points
1. Research focuses on lives of people who have traditionally been marginalized
2. Research focuses on inequities based on gender, race, ethnicity, and disability…
3. Links to political and social action to inequalities 4. Utilize program theory and why problems of
oppression, domination and power exist
Pragmatism
• Arises from actions, situation and consequences
• Focus on “what works”• Focus on problem more than methods • Practical more than focus on methods
Eight Points
1. No commitment to one philosophy or method 2. Researchers have freedom to chose methods,
techniques etc…3. Look at many ways of collecting data and comparing
it (triangulation) 4. “Truth is what works at that time”
Eight Points
5. There is an intended purpose for the research and an examination of consequences
6. Research is situated in context (social, historical, etc.)
7. Practical purpose for research; no need to focus on the nature of the world
8. Very open approach to collecting, analyzing and looking at data
Research Design
• Quantitative • Qualitative • Mixed Methods
*design within each of these categories differs and has evolved through the years*
Quantitative
• True experiments – Randomized control trials
• Quasi-experiments– Not as random (more natural)
• Causal-comparative – Explain variation (regression based)
• Correlation Based – Relationship among two or more variables
• Longitudinal Analysis – Repeated measures of more than 3 time points
Qualitative
• Case study • Ethnography • Phonological • Narrative • Self inquiry • Focus groups • Cognitive interviews • Iterative designs
Mixed Methods
• Multiple ways to mixed the two methods
Big question:
Is your research Multi-method or Mixed Method?
Mixed Methods
• Convergent Parallel– Mixing occurs at the end
• Explanatory Sequential – Steps/Phases
• Advanced – Transformative mixed methods
• Draws from ideas of social justice
– Embedded mixed methods• Embedding Quant or Qual within the other
– Multiphase mixed methods• Over time multiple parts
Activity
• In groups review the article you were provided • As a larger group identify: – Purpose– Methodology– Importance – Relevance to Education