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Clean Air For IndustrySTEAM POWER SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SOLUTIONS

ge.com

North AmericaPower 160 GWIndustry 360 Systems

Latin AmericaPower 7 GWIndustry 230 Systems

EuropePower 113 GWIndustry 1,600 Systems

Middle East and AfricaPower 40 GWIndustry 160 Systems

Russia and CISPower 13 GWIndustry 80 Systems

AsiaPower 98 GWIndustry 1,800 Systems

IndiaPower 50 GWIndustry 700 Systems

OceaniaPower 20 GWIndustry 120 Systems

STEAM POWER SYSTEMS I AQCS for Industry

AIR QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEMS (AQCS)Portfolio and Overview

Air Quality Control Systems (AQCS) from GE Power enable you to meet stringent emission regulations

for particulate and gaseous pollutants emitted from power plants and industrial operations. The

expertise, technology and comprehensive product portfolio provided by Environmental Control Solutions

from GE’s Steam Power Systems are adaptable to meet your specific needs for AQCS.

Our AQCS technologies are suitable for power generation and industrial applications, including

Aluminium, Iron and Steel, Oil and Gas, Cement, Waste-to-Energy, Biomass, Pulp and Paper, and Non-

ferrous Metals among others.

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Our Success:

500 GWIn Power Applications

5,000Units in Industrial Applications

More than 80 years of experience providing advanced emission controlsSteam Power Systems from GE:• Helps you determine the best combination of technologies for your specific site requirements

• Offers a range of products to cover all types of emissions

• Delivers a variety of AQCS for engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) or engineering and procurement (EP)

• Provides after-market services including spare parts, inspection and remote monitoring

• Offers a variety of solutions to upgrade your existing equipment with our latest innovations for improved performance and/or lower operating costs

Clean Air for Industry | Flexible AQCS Solutions


AIR QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEMS (AQCS)Customized Offerings

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With Steam Power Systems from GE, customers receive a wealth of air quality

control know-how. For new builds as well as upgrades and retrofits of existing AQCS,

we offer on-demand solutions tailored to meet your requirements, including partial

or full scope:

• Engineering. GE offers advanced air pollution control engineering, from process

and equipment design to construction, operations and maintenance.

• Equipment supply. Our comprehensive AQCS portfolio of products covers all types

of pollutants with advanced technology, using a single process or a combination

to cover the entire flue gas chain. This gives you the flexibility to address complex

interactions between components and processes.

• Construction and commissioning. We offer:

— Construction Management

— Commissioning Management

— Construction & Commissioning Advisory Services

• Inspection and maintenance. We provide these services

for our own fleet and/or other AQCS.

Innovative Products and Technologies

Since 1983, our technology center in Växjö, Sweden – one of the largest in the world in the field of

environmental control solutions – has been at the forefront of advanced research and development for

air quality and CO2 control solutions. Focusing on technology innovation and product validation, it has

test halls for pilot operations and flow modeling, an analytical laboratory specializing in particle and

environmental analyses, an instrument workshop, high voltage facilities for electrostatic precipitator

(ESP) testing (switch integrated rectifiers and transformer/rectifier sets), as well as a mechanical

workshop for pilot equipment manufacturing.


Our expertise

Aluminum

Non-Ferrous Metal

Iron and Steel

Pulp and Paper

Waste-to-Energy

Biomass PetrochemicalOil and Gas

Cement

Applications for 8 Industries

Products

APPLICATIONParticulate -FF

Particulate -ESP

DeSOx- DFGD

DeSOx- WFGD/ SWFGD

DeNOx- SCR

VOC- TO / RTO / KemPAK

Mercury - Mercure /Filsorption

Oil & Gas

FCCU P P P P

Boilers/Heaters P P P P P

Tank farms/Odour/Flares P P P P P

Captive Power P P P P P P

Sour Gas Incineration P P P P P

Catalyst Recovery Unit P P P P

SRU/TGTU P P P P

Waste To Energy Incinerators P P P P P P

Iron & Steel

Iron Ore Sintering P P P P

Iron Ore Pelletization P P P P

Sponge Iron Kiln P P P

Stock House Ventillation P P

Cast House Ventillation P P

Auxiliary Dedusting P P

Induction Furnace P

Electric Arc Furnace P

Blast Furnace P

Boilers/ Captive Power Plant P P P P P P

Cement

Cement Kiln P P P P P

Cement Mill P P

Clinker Cooler P P

Coal Mill P P


Boilers/ Captive Power Plant P P P P P P

Pulp & Paper

Soda Recovery Boiler P

Lime Kiln P P

Biomass Boilers/Heaters P P P P P P

Non- Ferrous

Smelter P P

Converter P P


At GE, we address the main air pollutants such as particulates, SOx, NOx, acid compounds, heavy

metals, dioxin and furans for both industrial and power applications. Additionally, we have developed

special products to mitigate emissions such as HAPs (Hazardous Air Pollutants), VOCs (Volatile Organic

Compounds) and H2S.

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AQCS FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

A leading cement manufacturer in India decided to expand its cement plant in the state of Rajasthan. The manufacturer chose our AQCS equipment including Raw Mill Kiln Reverse air bag house, Clinker Cooler ESP, and Coal Mill fabric filter, all of which are designed for emissions of 30 mg/Nm3. The equipment was successfully commissioned along with the entire plant in 2015.

Industry BenefitsWe provide the product expertise, technical reliability and cost-effective solutions that can meet your specific requirements and achieve stipulated emissions:

• Waste-to-Energy: Tailored and efficient solutions to help meet the most stringent emission requirements for both air and water and, at the same time, recover valuable energy

• Pulp and Paper: Advanced ESP and fabric filter technology applied worldwide for emission compliance

• Iron and Steel: Emission control for both primary and secondary steelmaking as well as smelting furnaces and converters for various Non-ferrous productions

• Petrochemical/Oil and Gas: Conformance to strict emission limits even as a broad feedstock slate is processed

• Cement: Multi-pollutant emission control with proven technologies such as FF, ESP and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems


Our expertise

Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) represent a very large installed base worldwide in terms of particulate

emission control, and GE offers a wide range of robust, cost-effective and reliable ESP designs for a variety

of applications. Backed by decades of experience on an extended range of fuel combinations and industrial

applications, our solutions cater to increasingly strict regulations at a lower life cycle cost. We offer:

• Spiral and rigid designs of emitting electrode, tumbling hammer and electric impact

rapping systems

• Flexible layout and modular designs suited to the site

• Integrated ESP control systems, including the latest generation EPIC intelligent controller and the

ProMo tool for enhanced ESP performance

• Switch integrated rectifiers (SIR) as an alternative to transformer/rectifier (T/R) sets for increased

power input, lower power consumption and improved particulate removal efficiency. Ideal for

performance enhancement of existing ESP of GE or other suppliers.

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1 Industry - Cement: Kiln, Mills, Cooler; Iron and Steel: Sintering, Pelletization, Sponge Iron Kiln, Cast House, Stock House; Biomass-fired boilers; Waste-to-Energy plants; Pulp and Paper: Recovery Boiler, Lime Kiln; Non-ferrous: Smelter, Converter ; Oil and Gas: FCCU among other industrial applications

2 Industry - Iron & Steel - Blast Furnace, Iron and Steel - Scarfing, Iron and Steel - Converters, Aluminium - Anode Baking

Over the last 50 years, GE has successfully installed and commissioned soda recovery boiler ESPs at leading pulp and paper plants worldwide. We are also the preferred suppliers to the leading main process suppliers for this Industry. These are the reasons why one of Europe’s leading Soda Recovery Boiler manufacturer has chosen us for delivering an ESP on what is probably the world’s largest Soda Recovery Boiler for a project in Indonesia. The capacity of the boiler is around 11,600 TDS per day (Total Dissolved Solids) and the system is due for commissioning in 2016.


Dry ESPParameter Number

Applications Industry, boilers and heaters1

Power Capacity (MW/Nm3/h) 10 to 1,300

Gas Temperatures (°C) 70 – 400

Gas Flow Rate (m3/s) 15 – 2,000

Dust Loading at ESP Inlet (g/Nm3) 0.2 – 100 g/Nm3; for SDA 600 g/Nm3; for NID 1800 g/Nm3

Emission at ESP Outlet (mg/Nm3) 10 – 200 (exceptional 1,000 for ESP as precollector), filterable PM only

PM Removal Efficiency Up to 99.95%

Availability Up to 98%

Wet ESPParameter Number

Applications Power-boilers, heaters, synthesis gas and industry idem Dry ESP2

Gas Temperatures (°C) Up to 70 Deg C , Saturated Gas

Gas Flow Rate (m3/s) 15 – 2,000

Dust Loading at ESP inlet (g/Nm3) Up to 1.2

PM Emission at ESP outlet (mg/Nm3) 0.5, filterable PM only

SO3 Emission (ppm) <1 ppm

PM & SO3 removal efficiency 99.5%


PARTICULATE CONTROLDry and Wet Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs)

Key Features of Dry ESP• Proven particulate matter removal for industrial and

power applications

• <10 mg/Nm3 emissions

• 70-plus years of experience resulting in more than 2,000 industrial applications and 237 GW equivalent installed in power

• Excellent and efficient design with lower cost modular systems

Key Features of Wet ESP• Ultra-low particulate emissions (<1mg/Nm3), acid mists,

aerosols, and hazardous air pollutants (HAP)

• More than 80 references for various applications


Our expertise

PARTICULATE CONTROL Fabric Filters

Operational flexibility is increasingly important today, even as air quality regulations are becoming more

stringent. For particulate removal, fabric filters (FFs) offer a flexible alternative to ESPs, particularly when

dust characteristics are challenging or variable. GE offers both high ratio (pulse jet) and low ratio (reverse air)

options, depending on the application.

FFs may be used stand-alone or integrated in dry flue gas desulfurization (DFGD) solutions Novel Integration

Desulfurization or Spray Dryer Absorber, for dry scrubbing in the aluminum industry (Abart*), or as the

principal and polishing filters in mercury control solutions (Mer-Cure* or Filsorption*).

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Fabric FiltersParameter Number

Types Pulse jet filters and reverse air filters

Applications Industry, boilers and heaters1

Power Capacity (MW/Nm3/h) 10 to 1,000

Gas Temperatures (°C) 25 – 260

Gas Flow Rate (m3/s) 10-1,500

Dust Loading at FF inlet (g/Nm3) 2 – 100; for NID up to 2,000

Emission at FF outlet (mg/Nm3) 5 – 50 wet @ operating O2 level (dry filterable particulate only), filterable PM only


Bag Life Guarantee (Years) 1 to 6, depending on application and filter type

1 Industry applications including — Cement: kiln, mills, cooler; auxiliary dedusting; Iron and Steel: sintering, pelletization, cast house, stock house, coke oven; Biomass-fired boilers; Waste-to-Energy plants; Pulp and Paper: lime kiln


Key Features• <5 mg/Nm3 particulate emissions possible, >99.97

percent particulate removal efficiency, high PM10 and PM 2.5 removal rate

• 1,600 references in industrial applications and more than 45 GW installed base in power generation

• Filters up to 12 meters tall for reduced footprint and operational costs

• Bag life in excess of five years achieved

• Excellent operational flexibility

• Renowned Optipulse* filtration technology with gravimetric flow and Optipow* plunger valves for efficient bag cleaning

• Stand-alone or integrated in multi-pollutant systems

• Latest EFFIC controller and ProMo software for superior FF performance

• The combination of Optipow valves and EFFIC controller on a new or existing FF provides better bag life compared to other available solutions

A leading Italian steel mill in Sicily, producing reinforced steel through the electric arc furnace route, engaged GE to upgrade its fume extraction system. GE successfully installed and commissioned a new high capacity canopy hood, a network of fume exhaust ducts, an advanced Optipulse* fabric filter, exhaust fans and other auxiliaries in the plant. The filter is equipped with 8-meter-long filter bags and occupies a very limited footprint. The bags are cleaned using highly efficient Optipow* valves, and they use low-pressure compressed air (2-3 bar). Not only are the emissions at stack well below the prescribed limits, the customer also was able to obtain white certificates due to the entire system’s reduced power consumption.


Our expertise

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DFGD (NID) Parameter Number

SO2 Removal Rate (%) Up to 98


HCl Removal Rate (%) Up to 95

HF Removal Rate (%) Up to 95

Maximum SO2 Content at Inlet (mg/Nm3)

10,000

Particulate Emission Guarantee (mg/Nm3)

10

Fuel Applicable for all

Max Inlet Temperature (°C) 200

Load Range per Module (%) 50-100

Reagent Ca(OH)2 or CaO

Availability (%) Up to 97

In 2012, a contract in Sweden was awarded to us to supply flue gas treatment system and waste water treatment to the largest single line waste-to-energy plant in Europe. The plant consisted of semi-dry NID* technology to remove the bulk of the pollutants and a condensing scrubber to recover energy from the flue gas and simultaneously reduce emissions to customer requirements. The flue gas condenser recovers 30 MW of heat, which is distributed to multiple users in the district heating network. The waste water plant is based on reverse osmosis (RO) technology and purifies the discharge water to ultra-low pollutant levels. The plant was commissioned in 2014 and has reduced atmospheric emissions well below European standards.


SOx CONTROL Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization (DFGD)

Dry desulfurization systems have been used for SOx control and as multi-pollutant control devices

for several decades. They generally are based on lime utilization as sorbent, and the end product is

dry with no need for major waste water treatment, as compared to wet systems.

GE’s Steam Power Systems portfolio of dry flue gas desulfurization (DFGD) solutions includes:

Novel Integrated Desulfurization (NID*)

This system is made up of a patented integrated hydrator/mixer, a J-duct reactor and typically a fabric filter.

Hydrated lime is used as a reagent to react with gaseous pollutants like SOx, HCl and HF. Mercury collection

can be realized by injecting PAC upstream. The collected particles are either recirculated or disposed.

Key Features• 20-plus years of successful commercial operation, leading to more than 50 industrial references and

more than 15 GW installed for power

• Up to 98 percent SO2 removal, up to 4 percent sulfur in fuel, multi-pollutant control

• Compact footprint of less than 50 percent, compared to Spray Dryer Absorber (SDA)

• Modular and standard design for lower construction costs and use in small to very large projects

• Simple operation and maintenance; low operational costs

• NID is a well-fitted technology for various industry applications, in particular Waste-to-Energy and Iron and Steel

Spray Dryer Absorber (SDA)

This conventional dry FGD system has been widespread for many years. It’s made up of a reactor

followed by a fabric filter. In the reactor, the reagent slurry solution is atomized using either GE’s

rotary atomizer technology or dual fluid nozzles, and the droplets react with the gaseous pollutants

in the flue gas stream.

Key Features• 35-plus years of experience, resulting in more than 100 industrial

references and 15 GW installed capacity for power

• Up to 95 percent SO2 removal, up to 2.5 percent sulfur in coal

DFGD (SDA) Parameter Number



HCl Removal Rate (%) Up to 95

HF Removal Rate (%) Up to 95


6,000

Particulate Emission Guarantee (mg/Nm3)

10

Fuel Applicable for all



Reagent Ca(OH)2 or CaO



Our expertise

Wet flue gas desulfurization has been the most common technology for SOx control for more than

four decades. GE’s Steam Power Systems wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) portfolio consists of

the following options:

WFGD-Open Spray Tower (OST)

The WFGD-OST third generation offers lower power consumption and has smaller dimensions

compared to previous versions, while reaching nearly zero emissions. The gypsum by-product recovered

is usable as wallboard and is of cement quality.

Flowpac WFGD

The Flowpac WFGD contains a turbulent bed absorber, in which a flue gas passes through limestone

slurry. It is targeted for applications requiring increased SO2 removal efficiency and enhanced SO3

removal efficiency. For power generation, it is designed for unit sizes up to 360 MW with varying fuel

conditions, such as sulfur content, which can rise to high levels.

Key Features• 15 industrial applications and 58 GW installed in power generation

• Flexible absorber performance with excellent controllability of the SO2 removal rate

• Improved performance control through patented sulfite analyzer

• Fuel flexibility for all types of fuel (including heavy fuel oil) with sulfur content up to 4.5 percent for WFGD-OST and up to 6 percent for Flowpac WFGD

• Lower power consumption with lower emissions of particulates and aerosols

Sea Water FGD (SWFGD) Technology

The Steam Power Systems SWFGD is a unique no by-product SO2

removal solution. Thanks to more than 40 years of experience in

SWFGD for power generation and industry applications, GE is one of

the world’s leading providers with the biggest SWFGD installed fleet.

We use packing to enhance performance and absorber sizing.

Key Features• An economical desulfurization solution for plants in coastal areas

• Around 30 industrial applications, with 51 GW in operation or under construction for power generation worldwide

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In its quest to become one of the world’s most modern and environmentally friendly aluminum companies, a Middle Eastern company added a SWFGD to its first Potline Gas Treatment Center (GTC) to lower its environmental footprint. This resulted in GTC SO2 emissions of below 20mg/Nm3 as well as no by-products or waste, helping the customer achieve its zero-landfill policy while providing stricter care for the surrounding flora, fauna and wildlife.


SOx CONTROLWet Flue Gas Desulfurization (WFGD)

SWFGD Parameter Number

Maximum Gas Flow Rate – per Absorber (Nm3/h)

3.4 million

Power Plant Size (MW) Up to 1,000

FuelIndustrial processes, coal, lignite, oil, HFO


15,000

SO2 Removal Rate – with GGH (%)

98

Load Range (% MCR) 20-100

Seawater Temperature Inlet to Absorber (°C)

4-45

Alkalinity – Minimum (mmol/l) 1.2

pH Seawater Inlet (minimum) 7.7

WFGD-OST Parameter Number

Maximum Gas Flow Rate – per Absorber (Nm3/h)

3.2 million

Power Plant Size (MW) Up to 1,300

FuelIndustrial processes, coal, lignite, oil, HFO


17,000

SO2 Removal Rate (%) > 99 achieved

Load Range (% MCR) 20-100

HCl Removal Rate (%) > 99

HF Removal Rate (%) > 99

ReagentLimestone, lime or sodium


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Our expertise

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology from GE’s Steam Power Systems controls nitrogen oxides

(NOx) formed in combustion processes. With more than 30 years of experience with SCR technology

for power generation and industry applications our lower cost DeNOx solutions help you reach your

requested performance levels. High NOx reduction rates and system reliability make our flexible and

compact SCR technology the choice for post-combustion NOx control.

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In 2008, a Swedish mining company received a full fleet of GE’s AQCS equipment – five electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), one Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit and one DRYPAC unit for desulfurization of flue gases. Because of its high availability and very high pollutant removal rates, DRYPAC technology has been a customer-preferred choice.

The SCR was installed to reduce NOx emission from the pre-heating zone of the pelletizing plant. Before that, an ESP was installed to reduce dust content and a waste heat boiler iwas used to reduce the temperature, providing optimum conditions for the SCR. With this arrangement, NOx emissions are reduced by 90 percent with and ammonia slip less than 3 ppm.


SCR Parameter Typical Information

Reactor Size 3.2 million acfm, 5.4 million m3/h

Fuel Type Gas, fuel oil, orimulsion, pet coke, biofuel (virgin wood or peat), coal

Reactor Position High dust SCR for power plants and CHP plants; tail end SCR for waste incinerators

Reactor Flow Direction• Coal applications: vertical down• Oil applications: vertical up or vertical down• Gas applications: vertical up or vertical down and horizontal

Cleaning Method Soot blower using steam or compressed air, sonic air horns, air sweepers

NOx Removal Efficiency up to 95%, varying depending on industrial process conditions

NH3 Slip 2 vppvd @ 3% O2

Operation Temperature570-815°F, 300-435°C for coal/oil 450-850°F, 230-435°C for gas

NOx Inlet Concentration 2,050 mg/Nm3

O2 1% minimum

SO2 3,500 ppm

SO2/ SO3 Conversion 0.5-2.0%

Ash Load 35,000 mg/Nm3

Reagent Type Anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia, urea

NOx CONTROLSelective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

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Key Features• 40 industrial references and more than 48 GW installed

for power generation

• Varying depending on industrial process conditions, up to 95 percent NOx removal, low ammonia slip (down to 2 ppm)

• Proprietary IsoSwirl* mixing technology and specific ammonia injection grid design for improved performances

• Partnerships with leading catalyst suppliers

• Design tailored to existing site conditions for reduced outage time


Our expertise

With the knowledge gained from our more than 80 years of experience designing larger sized units,

GE has developed the Smartline range of products to cater to smaller-sized applications, such as

district heating, small power units, thermic fluid heaters, lime kilns, foundries, and metallurgical

plants.

FABPAC Fabric Filters for Particulate Control

These standardized and modular fabric filters can help you lower your operational costs and

footprint and reduce site installation time. Our patented Optipow* cleaning valves together with

EFFIC controllers provide longer bag life and lower compressed air consumption. FABPAC filters are

available in four standardized sizes with various bag lengths and materials.

ELPAC ESPs for Particulate Control

The ELPAC ESP adapts the benefits developed on large units to a smaller scale. Key features include:

covered service room on top, flat bottom with scraper conveyor, scraper conveyor, Switch Integrated

Rectifiers (SIR), efficient construction for easy access, and large gas flow range with one module

(7,000-170,000 m3/hr).

Micro-NID* Technology for Dry Desulfurization

and Multi-pollutant Control

Due to its simple design, our advanced dry desulfurization

technology also is available for small-scale applications. With more

stringent regulations being progressively extended to smaller

units, this type of application is expected to be widely deployed

in the coming years.

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SMALL SIZE AQCSSmartline Solutions


GE supplied two ELPAC ESPs on a 4 MW boiler and an 8 MW boiler that were firing bio-fuels such as forest residues and wood chips at a project in Norway. Designed for an emission guarantee of 50 mg/Nm3, these ESPs were delivered within five months and installed in just four weeks.

FABPACGas Temperatures (°C) 25-200

Gas Flow Rate (m3/h) Up to 250,000

Dust Loading at FF inlet (g/Nm3) 2–100

Emission at FF outlet (mg/Nm3) 5-50, filterable PM only

Availability (%) Up to 99%

ELPACGas Temperatures (°C) 70-250

Gas Flow Rate (m3/h) Up to 170,000

Dust Loading at FF inlet (g/Nm3) 1-50

Emission at FF outlet (mg/Nm3) Up to 20, filterable PM only

Availability (%) Up to 98%

Micro-NID*

Maximum gas temperature at inlet (°C) 200

Outlet Emission Limit, HCl (mg/Nm3) 2

Outlet Emission Limit, HF (mg/Nm3) 0.3

Outlet Emission Limit, SO2 (mg/Nm3) 5

Outlet Emission Limit, Particulate (mg/Nm3) 5

Outlet Emission Limit, Hg (mg/Nm3) 0.03

Outlet Emission Limit, Dioxin (ng/Nm3) 0.05

Maximum Gas Flow rate (Nm3/h) 10,0001

1 For higher gas flow rates, standard NID will apply.


In addition to addressing the most common pollutants, such as particulate

matter, SOx and NOx, GE offers solutions for capturing other pollutants like:

Mercury

The Filsorption* system uses activated carbon injection upstream of a

standard primary or secondary particulate control system.

The Mer-Cure* system uses a proprietary approach – injection of sorbent

upstream of the air preheaters, for faster oxidation under higher temperatures.

• 25-plus years experience resulting in more than 20 industrial references

and 29 GW installed

• More than 2 million hours of reliable operation

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

For Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) mitigation, we provide thermal

oxidizers and regenerative thermal oxidizers – mature technologies that

have been sold for many decades.

Solution for Zero Liquid Discharge

Additionally, GE offers our Spray Dryer Evaporator (SDE*) solution for plants

to achieve Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) when operating WFGD technologies.

Our simple and cost-effective SDE technology uses hot flue gas to evaporate

waste water. The dissolved or suspended solids are collected in existing

particulate removal equipment. With the addition of lime to condition the

waste water feed stream, acid gases in the flue gas can be captured as

an added benefit.

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OTHER AQCS SOLUTIONSMercury, VOC, Zero Liquid Discharge

MERCURY CONTROLFilsorption* for Power (typical)

Parameter Number

Fuel Boiler flue gas

ReagentActivated carbon or activated lignite coke and/or non-carbon sorbents

Bromine InjectionOptional, depending on the halogen content in the coal

Removal Efficiency (%) Up to 92

Temperature (°C) 200

PAC Addition Rate (kg/106 Nm3/h)

50-200

ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE SDE* for Power (typical)

Parameter Number

Evaporation Rate (m3/h) 5-35

Wastewater TDS (mg/l) Up to 140,000

Wastewater TSS (%) Up to 20

Gas Flow Rate (Nm3/h) Up to 175,000




VOC CONTROLThermal Oxidizer

Parameter Number

Gas Flow Rate (Nm3/sec) 0.2-20

VOC Concentration (% of LEL) 0-25

Load Range (%) 33-100

Dust Load (mg/Nm3 wg) Max 2.0

Operating Temperature (°C) 760-900

Oxygen Content in Process Gas (%) 10-21

VOC Destruction Efficiency – Applicable for VOC Content Between 1,000 ppm and 25% LEL (%)

Max. 99.5

VOC Emission Applicable for VOC Content Below 1,000 ppm (ppm)

Min. 5


Regenerative Thermal OxidizerParameter Number

Gas Flow Rate (Nm3/sec) 0.5-50

VOC Concentration (% of LEL) 0-25

Load Range (%) 33-100

Dust Load (mg/Nm3 wg) Max 2.0

Operating Temperature (°C) 815-1,000

Oxygen Content in Process Gas (%) 8-21

VOC Destruction Efficiency – Applicable for VOC Content Between 1,000 ppm and 25% LEL (%)

Up to 95-99.5

VOC Emission Applicable for VOC Content Below 1,000 ppm (ppm)

Down to 5-50



Our expertise

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SOLUTIONS FOR EXISTING AQCS

A Brazilian customer replaced its conventional T/R sets with new high frequency power supplies (SIR) and control systems (EPIC). Emissions at the stack were reduced from 80 mg/Nm3 to 40 mg/N m3. Furthermore, the reliability of the equipment improved significantly, as did the system life.

Plant operators today face various challenges – cost reduction, compliance with more stringent environmental regulations, and the need for improved plant flexibility, for instance. With an understanding of these challenges, GE uses our knowledge of AQCS and continues to innovate, offering a full range of upgrades and retrofit solutions as well as services and parts for maintenance.

SIR Technology

Our SIR technology combines a transformer/high voltage rectifier (T/R) and a control system for

energizing and controlling ESPs in one compact integrated unit. With an integrated rapping control

and EPOQ software for pulse optimization, the SIR controller takes the ESP’s performance to the

next level.

Key Features• Suitable for installation on new or existing ESPs

from GE and other OEMs

• 3,500-plus SIR units in operation around the world; solution developed in the 1990s

• Up to 70 percent particulate emissions reduction compared to conventional technology, and emission levels reduced down to 20 mg/Nm3 when required

• Determination of top power consumption

• Ability to avoid cost-intensive retrofits

• Suitable for ESPs in power and industrial applications like Cement and Pulp and Paper

Sulfite Analyzer for WFGD

Our new patented solution provides real-time

measurement and control of the sulfite

concentration in the slurry, allowing to reduce

power consumption from the blower. Designed to

cope with harsh environments in heavy industrial

applications, our Sulfite Analyzer can be installed in

the existing slurry slip stream with no need for an

outage or process alteration.

Switch Integrated Rectifiers (SIR)Model SIR4 120 kW SIR4 102kW

Sizes Available HV70 kV – 1,700 mA, 85 kV – 14,00 mA, 100 kV – 1,200 mA

70 kV -1500 mA, 85kV -1,200mA

Power Supply Input (3-phase rectifier)

50 Hz 400 V - 196A, 500V - 157 A 380 V - 180A, 400 V - 175A60 Hz 480 V -163 A, 575 V - 136A 480 V - 146 A

Operating Temperature -40 ºC to +40 ºC max 50 ºC with reduced output current

-25 ºC to +40 ºC max 50 ºC (122 ºF) with reduced output current 45 ºC with nominal output for 480 V, 60 Hz

Size (w x d x h) 845 x 1300 x 1,210 mm (33.3 x 51.2 x 47.6 in)Weight 450-500 kg

Dielectric TypeMineral Transformer Oil Nynas Nytro 10XN, vacuum degasified

Solutions for performance improvement of existing AQCS Equipment – GE & Other OEMsProduct Equip-

ment Functionality Key Benefits

SIR ESP ESP Power Supply Emission reduction and energy optimization

EPIC ESP TR Controller Emission and energy optimization

ERIC ESP Rapper Controller Control of electric impact rappers

EFFIC FF FF Controller Air consumption and bag life enhancement

Optipow FF Pulse Valve Superior pulsing performance for bag cleaning

ProMo4 ESP/FF/FGD Monitoring & Control Software Performance tuning and analytical tool, remote connectivity

ETU ESP/FF/FGD Human Machine Interface Hand-held unit for controller settings, input and display

PCETU/PCMTU ESP/FF/FGD Human Machine Interface Pc-based unit for controller settings, input and display

IM300 ESP/FF/FGD Protocol Convertor Flaktbus to ethernet convertor

AGDMS ESP Gas Distribution (GD) Measurement Tool Robotic device for automated gd measurement

Ammonia Injection Skid ESP Ammonia Injection in Flue Gas Stream Performance improvement of esp using ammonia injection


Our expertise

GE offers a wide range of products and services that simplify plant design and operations to help ensure

cleaner and more efficient production. Along with increased production volumes encountered in the

aluminum industry comes a rising demand for greater efficiency that GE is meeting with completely

new and integrated approaches to gas cleaning, heat recovery, and alumina feed systems. Our product

offerings include:

Our Gas Treatment Centers (GTCs), built around our Abart* technology, add various solutions, such as heat exchangers and SO2 abatement, with benefits such as better gas temperature control, lower emissions and smaller GTCs.

The Novel Fume Treatment Center (FTC) is also built around our Abart but applied to PAH-laden fumes from anode baking. It also integrates a heat exchanger (AHEX).

The Alfeed* supply-on-demand horizontal transport and distribution system reliably delivers enriched alumina to the pots and is ideal for modernizing and modularization of the GTCs. This self-regulating, fully automatic air slide system requires little maintenance. Its compact form reduces space conflicts, and it can be retrofitted during normal potline operation.

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FOCUS ON ALUMINIUMAQCS for Industry

The world’s largest single site aluminium smelter is based in the UAE. Construction of the entire greenfield smelter was done over two successive phases to reach a production capacity of more than 1.2 million tons of aluminum per year. Our Potline Gas Treatment Centers (GTCs) and Carbon Anode Baking Oven Fume Treatment Centers (FTCs) were provided for both phases, as was the world’s largest GTC, the first in the area to also incorporate SWFGD.

Key FeaturesGE’s AQCS for the aluminum industry helps to ensure cleaner and more efficient aluminum production.

• Begun in 1957, we now have more than 230 installations globally.

• The technology has evolved over time to cope with increasing pot amperage and more stringent environmental regulations.

• Our AQCS is suitable for both new plants and the installed base as an upgrade.

Gas Treatment Center – GTCItem Typical Number Comment

Emission Guarantees After Dry ScrubberHydrogen Fluoride – HF (mg/Nm3) 0.5Particulate Fluoride (mg/Nm3) 0.25Total Fluorides (mg/Nm3) 0.8

Total Particulates (mg/Nm3)5 With Standard Polyester Bags3 With MicroDenier “Super” bags

Emission Guarantees After Wet Scrubber

SO2 Emission (mg/Nm3)>95% removal SWFGD with packing

>85% removal SWFGD Open Spray Tower

Total Fluoride (mg/Nm3) 0.2 Total Particulates (mg/Nm3) < 2.0

Fume Treatment Center – GTCItem Typical Number Comment

Emission Guarantees After Dry ScrubberHydrogen Fluoride – HF (mg/Nm3) 0.5Particulate Fluoride (mg/Nm3) 0.25Total Fluorides (mgF/Nm3) 0.8

Total Particulates (mg/Nm3) 5Condensed Tar Case by case 0.4 mg/Nm3 achieved

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - PAH-16 Case by case 0.2 mg/Nm3 achieved

Emission Guarantees After Wet ScrubberSO2 Emission Case by case 4.4 mg/Nm3 achieved

Total Fluoride (mg/Nm3) Case by case 0.1 mg/Nm3 achieved

Total Particulates (mg/Nm3) Case by case 0.3 mg/Nm3 achieved

PAH-16 Case by case 0.1 mg/Nm3 achieved


CO2 CAPTURE AND UTILIZATIONCO2 Capture for Industrial Solutions

Steam Power Systems from GE offers integrated CO2 capture solutions that can provide commercial quality

CO2 for industrial use. GE’s Chilled Ammonia (CAP) technology, which has been demonstrated successfully

in the Power industry, is also applicable for various types of industrial boilers, heaters and other processes.

Environmentally benign in terms of emissions, CAP is a chemical absorption process using an ammonium-

based aqueous solvent that, when contacted to the flue gas, binds to the CO2 in a reversible reaction.

CAP advantages:

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• Tolerant to oxygen and flue gas impurities

• Stable, low cost, and globally available, with no

degradation or emission of trace contaminants

• High CO2 purity (>99.9 percent) making the

product suitable for all commercial applications

• Low in moisture to allow for transport,

distribution and storage without corrosion

• Efficient integration with many industrial

applications since it can be used with a wide

range of energy sources

Our technologies can be scaled down to fit industrial needs.

Flue gas from sources such as power plants, steel mills, cement factories, refineries and chemical plants can be treated with GE’s CO2 capture technology before either being sent to permanent underground storage or re-used in the production of CO2-enhanced oil recovery, urea, methanol, carbonates or other industrial processes.

Parameters Typical Expected Values

Flue Gas Inlet Conditions

Temperature (°C) < 45

Pressure (bara) 1

Flow Rate (t/h) > 4

C02 Vol (% dry basis) 4 – 40

H2O Vol (%) 5 – 30

N2 Vol (% dry basis) 40 – 90

O2 Vol (% dry basis) 3 – 10

C02 Capture Rate (%) 90

CO2 Product Specification and Conditions

Temperature (°C) As Required

Pressure (bara) As Required

Flow Rate (t/h) Up to 25

C02 (mol-%) As Required and Up to Food Grade Possible

N2 (mol-ppm) < 0.25

NH3 (mol-ppm) < 10

H2O (mol-ppm) < 10

NOTE: Our CO2 capture processes could be applied to CO2 utilization. Selection will depend on CO2 source, industry application and downstream use.


POWER

TRANSPORTATION

ENERGY MANAGEMENT

AVIATION

OIL & GAS

HEALTHCARE

APPLIANCES & LIGHTING

Combustion science & services, installed

base

Electrification, controls & power conversion

technology

Services & technologyand is a first-mover

in growth regions

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Clean and productive Wind and Hydro

power generation services

GLOBALRESEARCH

CENTER

GLOBALGROWTH

ORGANIZATION

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SIMPLIFICATION

Advanced materials & manufacturing, &

engineering productivity

Engine technology & localization in growth regions

LED is gateway to energy efficiency

Diagnostics technology, is a first-mover &anchor in growth

markets

The GE StoreDRIVING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ACROSS OUR BUSINESSES

We drive enterprise advantages that benefit the entire company, through what we call the “GE Store.” It means that every business in GE can share and access the same technology, markets, structure and intellect. The value of the GE Store is captured by faster growth at higher margins; it makes the totality of GE more competitive than the parts. No other company has the ability to transfer intellect and technology as GE can through the Store.

Steam Power Systems Environmental Control Solutions

Clean Air for Industry

[email protected]

* Trademark of General Electric Company.

© 2015, General Electric Company and/or its affiliates. GE Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system nor translated into any human or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the General Electric Company or its concerned affiliate.

Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice.

GEA32163 (10/2015)

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