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Group Decision Support System Nora Alharbi

Enaam Alotaibi

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OutlinesIntroductionGDSS definitionsGDSS objectivesGDSS characteristicsNGTTechnology levels of GDSSTypes of GDSSCharacterize of handset based systemExamplesConclusionReferences

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Introduction:

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• Many organizational decisions are made by groups rather than by individuals.

• To encourage all members to participate in a non-threatening environment and improve their ideas.

• This point can made by use of technology-based group decision support systems GDSS.

• This would improve of each time and quality of decision , increases the satisfaction of participants and confidence of outcomes.

• GDSS also called as Group Process Support Systems, Electronic Meeting Systems, Electronic Meeting Aids, or simply as Group Support Systems.

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GDSS is an information system used to support the process by which a group of people meet and interact for learning and or deciding type tasks.

GDSS Definition :

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“An interactive, computer based system which facilitates the solution of unstructured problems by a set of decision makers working together as a group.” (DeSanctis and Gallupe)

“Interactive computer-based environments that support concerted and coordinated team effort towards completion of joint tasks.” (Nunamaker et al. )

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GDSS Objectives:

WHAT is the goal of GDSS

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It have been developed to improve the effectiveness of the group process and reduce of some problems of groups. (conformity , domination , and miscommunication)

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GDSS characteristics:Anim

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storage and

retrieval

information sharing

learning

Enhance communic

ation

Enhance modeling

Enhance interface

qualitative decision support

tools

quantitative decision support

tools

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The Nominal Group Technique (NGT)

WHAT is NGT

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It is a structured variation of a small-group discussion to reach consensus

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The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) cont.

The Four Step Process to Conduct NGT:

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1•Generating Ideas: The moderator presents the question

or problem to the group in written form and reads the question to the group.

2 •Recording Ideas: Group members engage in a round-robin feedback session to concisely record each idea.

3 •Discussing Ideas: Each recorded idea is then discussed to determine clarity and importance.

4 •Voting on Ideas: Individuals vote privately to prioritize the ideas.

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Technology levels of GDSS

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Level 3: Rules of Order

Level 2: Decision-Making Support

Level 1: Process Support

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Level 1: Process Support

Goal - to reduce or remove communication :barriers Supports– Electronic messaging– Networks (Local)– Public screen– Anonymous input of ideas and votes– Active solicitation of ideas or votes– Summary and display of ideas and opinions and

votes– Agenda format– Continuous display of the agenda, etc.

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Level 2: Decision-Making Support

• Adds modeling and decision analysis• Goal - to reduce uncertainty and noise • Provide task gains• Features

– Planning and financial models– Decision treesFor Example:

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– Probability assessment modelsFor Example:

– Resource allocation modelsFor Example:

– Social judgment

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Level 3: Rules of Order

• Focus on decision making process

• Controls its timing, content or message patterns

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Types of GDSS:

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Networked computer based GDSS.

Handset based GDSS.(keypad-GSS, hard-wired or k-GSS)

The strength of K-GDSS:1- portability 2-display of voiting

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Characterize of handset based system:

• Anonymity

• Meetings can have more participants without loss of effectives

• Meeting participation is improved

• Meetings are more focused

• Meeting planning is more important

• GSS provides a structure and control mechanism for meetings.

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Examples 1: An application of group decision support in prioritizing research projects (framework)

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Examples 2 : Using of Group Decision support systems in Emergency in china (processes)

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Conclusion:

Scientific decision-making is important, It have been developedto improve the effectiveness of the group process and reduce ofsome problems of groups . Group decision support system is aninteractive platform for expertise knowledge which can providestrong support any area of decision-making.

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Reference::

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1. Read, M., Gear, T., Minkes, L., & Irving, A. (2013). Using a Group Decision Support System to Make Investment Prioritisation Decisions. San Jose, CA: IEEE.

2. Jingyi, D., xusheng, c.(2010).The Design of Group Decision Support System for Emergency Management. Third International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security.

3. Jongsawat, N., & Premchaiswadi, W. (2009). Group Awareness Information in Web-Based Group. San Antonio, TX: IEEE.

4. Evaluation Briefs(2006), Gaining Consensus Among Stakeholders Through the Nominal Group Technique.No.7.