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Transcript of GCSE Geography flashcard - resources.collins.co.uk images/CollinsRevisionGCSE... · Rainforests and...
Geo
grap
hica
l Ski
llsG
eogr
aphi
cal S
kills
Tect
onic
Haz
ards
1Te
cton
ic H
azar
ds 2
Tect
onic
Haz
ards
3
Name one way of showing
exact heights on a map.
Name two terms to describe
drainage patterns.
What is a collision zone?
What are seismic waves?
At what type of plate
boundary would you expect
to find a composite volcano?
1
2
3
4
5
Geo
grap
hica
l Ski
llsG
eogr
aphi
cal S
kills
Tect
onic
Haz
ards
1Te
cton
ic H
azar
ds 2
Tect
onic
Haz
ards
3
1
2
3
4
5
Exact heights can be shown
on a map by:
• spot heights
• triangulation points.
Drainage patterns can be
described as:
• dendritic
• rectangular
• parallel
• trellised
• deranged
• radial
A collision zone is where
two continental plates
collide, buckling rather than
subducting.
Seismic waves are shock waves
of energy which travel through
rocks to the surface.
You would expect to find
a composite volcano at a
destructive boundary.
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
Trop
ical
Sto
rms
Extr
eme
Wea
ther
in
the
UK
Clim
ate
Chan
geEc
osys
tem
s an
d Ba
lanc
eEc
osys
tem
s an
d G
loba
l Atm
osph
eric
Ci
rcul
atio
nHow is a country’s resilience a
factor in coping with tropical
storms?
What are the factors which
affect the UK climate?
How can orbital changes
(Milankovitch cycles) affect
climate change?
What is the purpose of
decomposers in the nutrient cycle?
Describe the rainfall pattern
of a tropical grassland
ecosystem.
6
7
8
9
10
Trop
ical
Sto
rms
Extr
eme
Wea
ther
in
the
UK
Clim
ate
Chan
geEc
osys
tem
s an
d Ba
lanc
eEc
osys
tem
s an
d G
loba
l Atm
osph
eric
Ci
rcul
atio
n
6
7
8
9
10
Resilience is determined by
the level of development and
the degree of preparedness, so:
• LICs tend to have low
resilience
• HICs tend to have high
resilience.
Factors affecting the UK
climate include the:
• location beside the
Atlantic Ocean
• prevailing winds
• collision between cold and
warm air masses
• influence of continental air
• altitude.
Orbital changes can result in:
• the Earth orbiting closer to
the Sun, warming the planet
• the Earth orbiting further
away from the Sun, cooling
the planet.
Decomposers return nutrients
to the soil/ecosystem.
Tropical grasslands tend to
have long, dry seasons and
brief, wet seasons.
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
Rain
fore
sts
and
Hot
Des
erts
–
Char
acte
rist
ics
and
Ada
ptat
ions
Opp
ortu
niti
es, T
hrea
ts a
nd
Man
agem
ent S
trat
egie
s in
th
e A
maz
on
Opp
ortu
niti
es, T
hrea
ts a
nd
Man
agem
ent S
trat
egie
s in
H
ot D
eser
ts
Pola
r and
Tun
dra
Envi
ronm
ents
Gla
ciat
ion
1: P
roce
sses
What problem can over-
irrigation lead to in hot desert
regions?
What are the three types
of farming practised in the
Amazon Basin?
What is an ‘aquifer’?
What does the Madrid
Protocol prohibit?
What will cause a glacier to
deposit its load?
11
12
13
14
15
Rain
fore
sts
and
Hot
Des
erts
–
Char
acte
rist
ics
and
Ada
ptat
ions
Opp
ortu
niti
es, T
hrea
ts a
nd
Man
agem
ent S
trat
egie
s in
th
e A
maz
on
Opp
ortu
niti
es, T
hrea
ts a
nd
Man
agem
ent S
trat
egie
s in
H
ot D
eser
ts
Pola
r and
Tun
dra
Envi
ronm
ents
Gla
ciat
ion
1: P
roce
sses
11
12
13
14
15
Over-irrigation can lead to
salinisation of the soils.
The three types of farming
practised in the Amazon Basin are:
• shifting
• subsistence
• commercial.
An aquifer is a water-bearing
layer of rock.
The Madrid Protocol prohibits
any mining in Antarctica.
A glacier might deposit its
load owing to:
• a reduction in the size of
the glacier
• a reduction in the energy
of the glacier
• increased melting
(ablation).
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
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Gla
ciat
ion
2:
Land
scap
esG
laci
atio
n 3:
Lan
d U
se
and
Issu
esCo
asts
1: P
roce
sses
Coas
ts 2
: Lan
dfor
ms
Coas
ts 3
: Man
agem
ent
Why might some ribbon lakes
disappear over time?
Why does the extraction of
minerals attract opposition?
Describe a ‘concordant’
coastline.
What are the two factors
affecting beach gradient?
Give two positive impacts from
the use of groynes for coastal
management.
16
17
18
19
20
Gla
ciat
ion
2:
Land
scap
esG
laci
atio
n 3:
Lan
d U
se
and
Issu
esCo
asts
1: P
roce
sses
Coas
ts 2
: Lan
dfor
ms
Coas
ts 3
: Man
agem
ent
16
17
18
19
20
Ribbon lakes may fill up
with sediment from streams
flowing into them from the
surrounding hills.
The extraction of minerals
attracts opposition for
environmental and aesthetic
reasons.
On a concordant coastline, the
bands of rock are parallel to
the sea.
The two factors affecting beach
gradient are:
• the size of the beach
sediment
• the steepness of the waves.
Two positive impacts of
groynes are:
• they do not restrict access
to the beach
• they help to create wider
beaches.
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
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Rive
rs 1
: Pro
cess
esRi
vers
2: L
andf
orm
sRi
vers
3: F
lood
ing
and
Man
agem
ent
Urb
anis
atio
nU
rban
Issu
es a
nd
Chal
leng
es 1
In what four ways can a river
move or carry its load?
What is the term for the most
efficient route of water in a
channel?
What are the four ways
rainwater can get into a river
channel?
Define the term ‘urbanisation’.
Why do so many people live
in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas?
21
22
23
24
25
Rive
rs 1
: Pro
cess
esRi
vers
2: L
andf
orm
sRi
vers
3: F
lood
ing
and
Man
agem
ent
Urb
anis
atio
nU
rban
Issu
es a
nd
Chal
leng
es 1
21
22
23
24
25
A river can move or carry its
load through:
• solution
• suspension
• saltation
• traction.
The thalweg is the most
efficient route of water in
a channel.
Rainwater can reach a river
channel by:
• channel catch
• overland flow
• throughflow
• groundwater flow.
Urbanisation is the increase
in the proportion of people
living in urban areas.
Reasons for the high population
in Rio’s favelas include:
• the large number of rural
migrants
• land is cheap
• opportunities for informal
economy.
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
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GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
Urb
an Is
sues
and
Ch
alle
nges
2U
rban
Issu
es a
nd
Chal
leng
es 3
UK
Popu
lati
on a
nd
Econ
omic
Cha
nge
Glo
bal D
evel
opm
ent
1G
loba
l Dev
elop
men
t 2
What is a ‘brownfield’ site?
Define the term ‘sustainable’.
What is meant by
‘de-industrialisation’?
What is the difference between
birth rate and death rate called?
What is the difference
between fair trade and free
trade?
26
27
28
29
30
Urb
an Is
sues
and
Ch
alle
nges
2U
rban
Issu
es a
nd
Chal
leng
es 3
UK
Popu
lati
on a
nd
Econ
omic
Cha
nge
Glo
bal D
evel
opm
ent
1G
loba
l Dev
elop
men
t 2
26
27
28
29
30
A brownfield site is derelict
industrial land.
Sustainable means allowing
people to meet their needs
today without harming the
prospects of people in the
future to meet their needs.
De-industrialisation is a
decrease in primary and
secondary employment.
The difference between birth
rate and death rate is called
natural increase.
Fair trade is where raw material
producers are paid a fair price for
their goods, while free trade is
where trade between countries
is not hindered by duties or rules
set by a group of trading nations.
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
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Ove
rvie
w o
f Re
sour
ces
– U
KFo
od 1
Food
2W
ater
1W
ater
2
31
32
33
34
35
Ove
rvie
w o
f Re
sour
ces
– U
KFo
od 1
Food
2W
ater
1W
ater
2
31
32
33
34
35
Renewables include wind
power, solar power, tidal
power and biomass.
As LICs develop, people
demand a more western diet
with more meat and dairy
products. The grain used to
feed the people is then fed
to animals, leading to food
shortages for the poor.
Organopónicos in Havana,
Cuba, is a scheme to improve
food security for the urban
poor. It consists of low-level
walls filled with soil and
organic matter, watered by
drip irrigation to grow fruit
and vegetables.
Climate change in LICs could result in:
• altered patterns of rainfall,
leading to drought/flood
• a lack of water for farmers,
leading to food shortages/
famine
• a lack of water for sanitation,
leading to disease.
Greywater harvesting is the
recycling of water that has
been used in showers and
baths, or the collection of
rainwater, for use in flushing
toilets and other non-drinking
purposes.
In terms of energy
resources, give examples of
‘renewables’.
How can economic
development in a LIC lead to
food shortages for the poor?
Outline a scheme to improve
food security for the urban
poor.
What are the potential
implications of climate change
on water supply in LICs?
What is meant by ‘greywater
harvesting’?
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GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
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GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
Ener
gy 1
Ener
gy 2
Ener
gy 3
Fiel
dwor
kIs
sue
Eval
uati
on
36
37
38
39
40
Ener
gy 1
Ener
gy 2
Ener
gy 3
Fiel
dwor
kIs
sue
Eval
uati
on
36
37
38
39
40
Many people in Africa use
wood as a fuel and this
is rapidly being used up,
resulting in energy poverty.
Biomass is the use of plants
to produce energy, whereas
biofuel is the conversion of
some crops (e.g. maize) into
fuels like ethanol.
Some LICs have low carbon
footprints because:
• food is locally produced
• less fossil fuel is used
• lifestyles are generally more
sustainable as a result.
A risk assessment helps to
identify and analyse any
possible dangers/risks when
doing fieldwork and to put in
place measures to reduce the
dangers/risks.
A SWOT analysis helps to
structure thinking before
reaching a decision (strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities
and threats).
What fuel do large numbers of
African people use as their main
source of energy and why is this
leading to energy poverty?
What is the difference
between ‘biomass’ and
‘biofuel’?
Why do some LICs have low
carbon footprints?
Why is it necessary to carry out
a risk assessment?
What is a SWOT analysis and
why is it important in helping
to reach a decision?
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography
GCSE Revision • AQA Geography