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The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS); with focus on

the National Backbone

GCOOS Meetings

24-27 April 2006

Biloxi, MS

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Outline

• Global Ocean Observing System

• U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System

- Background

- The Global Module

- The Coastal Module

- The National Backbone

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Global Ocean Observing System

(GOOS)

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Global Ocean Observing System(GOOS)

• GOOS is an end-to-end system of observations, data management, and production and delivery of products/services.

• GOOS is being coordinated by United Nation agencies with the participation of some 100 ocean nations.

• Together with the World Weather Watch, Global Atmospheric Watch, Global Climate Observing System and Global Terrestrial Observing System, GOOS is an element of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS).

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The GOOS ModulesThe Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) has been designed and is being implemented in two modules:• The global module is designed to

monitor, predict, and understand marine surface conditions and climate variability/change; and

• The coastal module is designed to sustain healthy marine ecosystems, ensure human health, promote safe and efficient marine transportation, enhance national security, and predict and mitigate against coastal hazards.

The U.S. contribution to GOOS is called the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS).

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U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System

(IOOS)

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Background

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1998 U.S. Congress Called for anIntegrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)

Provide Data/Info Required for More Rapid Detection & Timely Prediction of State Changes

• Improve the safety & efficiency of marine operations

• Improve homeland security

• Mitigate effects of natural hazards more effectively

• Improve predictions of climate change & their effects

• Minimize public health risks

• Protect & restore healthy ecosystems in coastal environments more effectively

• Sustain living marine resources

1 System, 7 Goals

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Framework for IOOS• Ocean.US formed in 2000

Governed by a federal Executive Committee Prepare & maintain IOOS Development Plans Coordinate interagency implementation

• 2004 U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy Implement the IOOS Implement ecosystem-based management

approaches to natural resources & water quality Strengthen the Regional Approach

• President’s Ocean Action Plan

Enhance Ocean Leadership & Coordination Establish IOOS as part of GEOSS Optimize & Harmonize Use & Conservation

of Ocean, Coastal & Great Lakes Manage Coasts & their Watersheds Establish strong partnerships among

stakeholders

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An End–to–End System that Routinely Provides Data & Information Specified by

(1) Analysis, Modeling

(2) Data Management & Communications

(3) ObservingIn Situ & Remote Sensing

Groups that Use, Depend on, Manage or Study Oceans & Coasts

GOOS

EndToEnd

Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)

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Integrated End – to – End SystemRapid Access to Diverse Data from Many Sources

Satellites

Aircraft

Fixed Platforms

Ships

Drifters & Floats

AUVs

Metadata standards

Data discovery

Data transport

Online browse

Data archival

Maritime NavigationalServices

Search & Rescue

Coastal Flooding &Erosion

Beach Closures

Water Management

NutrientManagement

DataManagement

Data Management& Communications

Fisheries Management

Products &ServicesObservations

Modeling &Analysis

DataTelemetry

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Ecosystem-Based, Adaptive Management

WE DO NOT HAVE THIS CAPABILITY TODAY

• Rapid & Repeated Detection of changes

over a broad spectrum of time-space scales

• Timely Predictions of such changes

Tune the flow of environmental data & information to the Time scales on which decisions should be made

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Why?

• Cultural divides

• Inefficient, ineffective data management

• Under sampling in time, space & ecological complexity

• Lack of capacity for rapid data acquisition & analysis

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U.S. IOOS Multi – Scale Hierarchy of Observations

Global Ocean Climate Component

GOOS/GCOS

Resolution

Low

High

CCal Carrib

MAB

GLsNE

SE

GoMexS

Cal

HIsl

NW

GoA

Coastal OceanComponent

NationalBackbone

RegionalObservingSystems

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The Global Module

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Global Component of the GOOSIntegrates Remote & In Situ Sensing

An International Collaboration

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Broad Objectives of Ocean Component

• Monitoring and detection of climate change• Seasonal-to-interannual climate prediction• Marine and weather forecasts• Short-range ocean forecasts• Understanding decadal variations• Support of scientific research• Routine ocean state estimation

International coordination and oversight of the global ocean component is by the WMO-IOC Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology; U.S. participation is significant.

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Key Actions

• Full implementation of the surface and subsurface observing networks

• Designate and support national agents for implementation and establish research-operational partnerships

• Timely, free, unrestricted data exchange and comprehensive data management procedures

• International standards for metadata for essential climate variables

• Develop more cost effective two-way communication technologies

• Develop integrated global climate product needs

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2424

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9797

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5454

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106106

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9191

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370370

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20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 2006200620052005 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010

Initial Ocean Observing System Milestones including international contributionsInitial Ocean Observing System Milestones including international contributions

Tide GaugesTide GaugesReal-time StationsReal-time StationsInitial GCOS SubsetInitial GCOS Subset

Surface Drifting BuoysSurface Drifting Buoys

Tropical Moored BuoysTropical Moored Buoys

Ships of OpportunityShips of Opportunity

Argo FloatsArgo Floats

Reference StationsReference Stations

Arctic SystemArctic System

System EvaluationSystem Evaluation

Ocean Carbon NetworkOcean Carbon Network

Dedicated Ship TimeDedicated Ship Time

High resolution and frequentlyHigh resolution and frequentlyrepeated lines occupiedrepeated lines occupied

Number of floatsNumber of floats

Number of mooringsNumber of moorings

Number of buoysNumber of buoys

Days at sea Days at sea (NOAA contribution)(NOAA contribution)

Product evaluation andProduct evaluation andfeedback loops implementedfeedback loops implemented(NOAA contribution)(NOAA contribution)

Repeat Sections Committed,Repeat Sections Committed,One inventory per 10 yearsOne inventory per 10 years

Number of observatories, flux,Number of observatories, flux,and ocean transport stationsand ocean transport stations

Ice buoys, drifting andIce buoys, drifting andMoored stationsMoored stations

807807 671671 779779 787787

2020 3131 544544

1515 2929 3535 3737 4141

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00 11 11 22

53534848 6666100100888877775555Total System Total System 3030 3434 4040 4545

20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 2006200620052005 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010

System % CompleteSystem % Complete

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4242 4949

340340

3737343431313030303029292929

00 00

Multi-year Phased Implementation Plan Multi-year Phased Implementation Plan (representative milestones)(representative milestones)

2056% complete

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GCOS Climate Reference Tide Gauge Stations

54% complete

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The Coastal Module

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Coastal Component• Federal Agencies Responsible

• EEZ & Great Lakes

• Core variables required by regions & Federal Agencies

• Network of sentinel & reference stations

• Standards/Protocols

• Regional Associations Responsible

• Involve private & public sectors

• Inform Federal Agencies of user needs

• Enhance the backbone based on user needs

• Incorporate sub–regional systems

Regional COOSs

National Backbone

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ACOOS

NANOOS

SCCOOS

CenCOOS

PacIOOS GCOOS

CaRA

SECOORA

MACOORA

NERAGLOS

11 Groups Funded byNOAA Coastal Services Center to

Establish Regional Associations (RAs)

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IOOS & Data Management

• Data Management and Communications (DMAC) subsystem - a primary integrating mechanism for IOOS

• Framework to link diverse observing systems into an integrated, interoperable data-sharing network

• DMAC Plan: evolving recommended data and metadata standards, protocols, and operating practices

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IOOS Coastal Backbone Core Variables

• Geophysical Sea surface

meteorological variables

Land–Sea Stream flows

Sea level Surface waves,

currents Ice distribution Temperature, Salinity Bathymetry

• Biophysical Optical properties Benthic habitats

• Chemical

pCO2 Dissolved inorganic

nutrients Contaminants Dissolved oxygen

• Biological

Fish species, abundance

Zooplankton species, abundance

Phytoplankton species, biomass (ocean color)

Waterborne pathogens

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IOOS Coastal Component High Priority Research & Pilot Projects

• Surface current mapping Product: real–time surface current maps HF–radar, remote & in situ sensing Data assimilation–numerical modeling

• Space–based remote sensing Improve chl algorithms for ocean color Increase spatial, temporal, & spectral resolution Sea surface salinity

• Aircraft remote sensing of near shore environments LIDAR

• Coupled physical–water quality/ecosystem models Ecosystem – Based Management

• Glider development for in situ sensors

• In situ sensors for core variables Chemical & biological

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IOOS Summary: Current Status

• 1st Annual IOOS Development Plan Global ocean– climate component being implemented Initial backbone in place Sub– regional coastal ocean observing systems funded DMAC Plan completed

• Regional groups funded to Form Regional Associations Engage User Groups: Public & Private Sectors Establish RCOOSs

• Government support Current Funding: ~ $ 125 M Executive order Legislation in Congress to Authorize Additional Funding

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The National Backbone

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The National Backbone of the IOOS

• What is it?

• How will it be specified?

• How will it be implemented?

• How will it be funded?

U.S. IOOSMultiscale System of Systems

Global Ocean Climate Component

GOOS/GCOSCoastal Ocean

Component

GLs NE

MAB

SEGoMex

HIsl

GoA

NW

SW

RegionalObservingSystems

NationalBackbone

ResolutionLow

High

Based on a Presentation by Tom Malone, Ocean.US Office

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Background

• Spatial boundaries are blurred intentionally

Global & coastal components overlap. RCOOSs overlap w/ the National Backbone & each other. Fixed boundaries are needed for funding & accountability only.

• At this time, RCOOS development is focused on regional needs (or should be).

• As an integrated component of the IOOS, the Initial National Backbone (NB) exists in concept only. The First IOOS Development Plan recommends

• Existing operational assets for an initial observing subsystem for the NB;

• Road map for developing the DMAC subsystem As the DMAC subsystem comes into being, the NB will transition

from concept to reality. At this time, the recommended NB assets are funded & operated

by federal agencies for the most part.

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What is the NB in Concept?

• Initial Observing Subsystem Infrastructure

Measures the core variables in the nation’s Exclusive Economic Zone & Great Lakes

Transmits DMAC-compliant data to data assembly centers routinely & reliably

Remote sensing: sea surface temperature only

In situ sensing: Sparse network of sentinel & reference stations

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Programs Recommended for NB

Core Variable

NOAA

Navy

USACE

USGS

Sea sur face winds C-MANa, NWLONb

NDBCc, P ORTS ®d, NERRS e Integr a ted buoy program

Stre a m flow Stre a m gauging

NSIP f NSQANg

Temper a ture

GOE S , P OES, NDBC, CoastW a tch , C-MAN NWLON, P ORT S ®, LMR-ES g, NERRS

Integr a ted buoy program

Salin ity LMR-ES , POR TS ®, NERRS

Integr a ted buoy program

Coasta l Se a Level -Topography

NWLON, P ORT S ®

ADFC i

NSIP

Waves

NDBC

Integr a ted buoy program

Coast a l Fie ld Data Co llection Program

Currents

NDBC, P ORTS ®, Nationa l Current Observ a tion Progra m

Dissolved Inorgani c Nutrie nts

LMR-ES Habit a t asses s men t, NERRS

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Programs Recommended for NB(continued)

Core Variable

NOAA

Navy

USACE

USGS

Chlorophyll LMR-ES , NERRS

Habit a t & Ba thyme try

Hydrographic Survey Coral ree f mappi ng Coral ree f monitoring Coasta l ma pping Topographi c chang e mapp ing Benthic hab ita t map ping Habit a t asses s ment Coasta l chang e asses s me nt

map ping

Hydrographic Surveying

Coral ree f map ping & mon itoring

Coasta l change map ping

Benthic habi ta t map ping

Plan kton Abund a nce

LMR Surveys Ecosyst e m Surveys

Abund a nce & distrib ution of LMRs & protect e d species

LMR Surveys Ecosyst e m Surveys Prote cted Resources Surveys Nation a l observer

Popul a tion

Sta tistics j LMR-ES Nation a l observer

Fish Catch

Nation a l observer Recreationa l fis heries Commerci a l s ta tistics

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Societal Goals Programs We ather

Climate Maritime Operations

Natural Hazards

Hom eland S ec urity

Public Health

Eco sys tem Health

Living Res o urc es

C-MAN X X X X X X X NWLON X X X X X X NDBC X X X X X X X PORTS X X X X X X X Integr a ted Buoy Program

X

X

X

X

NSIP X X X X NSQAN X X X X GSN X X X X X CFDCP X X X X X X X Nation a l Curren t Observin g Program

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Hydrographic Surveying

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Coasta l Mapping, Shorelin e change

X

X

X

X

X

X

Societal Goals & NB Programs

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Societal Goals & NB Programs(continued)

Societal Goals Programs We ather

Climate Maritime Operations

Natural Hazards

Hom eland S ec urity

Public Health

Eco sys tem Health

Living Res o urc es

Benthic Hab ita t Mapping & Monitoring

X

X

X

X

X

Coasta l Chang e Asses s me nt Mapping

X

X

X

X

X

X

Coastwatch X X X X X X X GOES X X X X POES X X X X X X X ADFC X X X X X X X NERRS X X X LMER-ES X X X Prote cted Resource Surveys

X

X

Nation a l Observer Program

X

X

Recreationa l Fisheries

X

X

Commerci a l Sta tistics

X

X

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Next Steps

• Initial NB recommended in the 1st IOOS Development Plan Does not include elements of regional or subregional observing

systems at this time.

• Phased development of the NB Stage 1: Identify Building Blocks (Today)

• Initial NB as recommended in 1st IOOS DP & IOOS DP: FY 2006 – 2008

Stage 2: Integration (2006 – 2008)

• Initial DMAC subsystem implemented• All elements of the IOOS becoming DMAC compliant.• Regional & subregional elements incorporated into the NB based on

user needs & recommendations in IOOS Development Plans

Stage 3: Transition to a fully user–driven system (2008 – )

• Must be DMAC compliant & support products & services requiring data integration

• RCOOSs become integral part of the IOOS as a whole

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How Will It Be Specified & Implemented?

• Ocean.US Responsible for Design Specifications & Development Plans

IOOS Implementation Conferences• Federal Agencies Regional Associations

IOOS Development Plans• Ocean.US Joint Subcommittee on Ocean

Science and Technology (JSOST)

• Federal Agencies & RAs responsible for implementation

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IOOS Funding Model

RA 1 RA 2 RA 3 RA 4 RA 5

Federal FundingRA Administration

Federal Funding National Backbone

Federal Funding RCOOSs

Non-FederalFunding RCOOSs

How Will It Be Funded?

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Thank You

• GOOS Internationalhttp://ioc.unesco.org/goos/

• GOOS U.S. http://www-ocean.tamu.edu/GOOS/

• IOOS – Ocean.UShttp://ocean.us/