Gayaguem Music & Its Structure

JOENGAK

Traditional Music Genre

Folk Music

Joengak

正樂 ( 正 : right 樂 :music= righteous music)

“ Generally speaking, a slow melody is leisurely, like a flock of clouds floating in the sky.”

Central to court ritual and ceremonial music and aristocratic music in Joseon Dynasty (1392 ~ 1910)

Slow tempo / emotionally restrained

Self-cultivation

Peaceful

Joengak : Sujaechun

Meditation?

In Royal Procession Ceremonies and Court Music Performances

Everlasting Life

Su 壽 : life jae 齊 :same chun天 : heaven

Joengak : Sujaechun

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MMulcRsTeE

Intensive vibrato ( Nonghyun ) & sigimsae

Compare to Jeongak

Greater Range of Tempo & More Expressive Melodies in Emotions

Meaning Scattered Melodies

Various Rhythm Cycle

Folk Music : Sanjo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-OuZS6uBO0

Nongak : traditional farmers' music

Gayaguem Sanjo performance :

Epic-Length Stories

“Sori” = Song

“Aniri” = Narration “Ballim” = Mimetic gestures

“Gosu ( 鼓手) ” = Drummer “Chuimsae” : ‘eolssu’, ‘eu-iee’, ‘eolssigu’…

Musical Drama

Folk Music : Pansori

Buk :

http://tvpot.daum.net/clip/ClipView.do?clipid=21258103

Vocalist Governed by a Modal System

Drummer with a Fixed Cyclic Pattern

Freedom to Improvise

Sanjo vs. Pansori

Length of Pansori

Folk Music : Pansori

“Samguksagi” (Historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, A.D. 1145)

The King Gasil of Gaya Kingdom (A.D. 42 – 532)

Zither from Gaya

Ureuk & The King Jinheung of Silla

Gayaguem : Its Origin

Flat bottom = Earth

Twelve strings = Twelve months

Round surface of the front board = Heaven

Sun & Moon = Yin & Yang(balance of universal forces)

Jwadan, 喜 = Joy and Happiness / The Sun & The moon

Gayaguem : Structure with its Symbolic Value

Gayaguem : Structure with its Symbolic ValueTwelve bridges, anjok ( 안족 / 雁足 /wild geese feet)

Phoenix= good luck :

Jeongak Gayageum: Assoicated with accompaniment for court/chamber music and

lyric songs Wider spacing between strings Slow music : Yeongsan-hoesang

Twelve to twenty-five strings Jeongak

Ancient gayageum: Beopgeum (law-zither), Pungnyu (elegance), or Jeongak (right music) Gayageum

Gayaguem : Types and Musical Characteristics

靈山會上佛菩薩 : Buddha’s sermon

Nine Pieces : Slowest in the 1st movement to fastest in the 9th movement

“Sangryungsan”

Ensemble accompaniment for lyric song

Music of Jeongak Gayaguem : Yeongsan-hoesang & others

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-OuZS6uBO0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEMLpxirxM8

19th century with the emergence of Sanjo music (fast tempos and improvisational)

Closer string spacing & Shorter length

Folk Song : “Arirang”

Traditionally Silk string & Occasionally Synthetic string since the late 20th century

“Sinawhi” : Ensemble form of Sanjo / Jazz

Music of Sanjo Gayaguem

Music for sanjo gayageum: Sanjo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsF9y33eZbw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkM_LXUCMeAc

Composed by Byunggi Hwang

Music of Sanjo Gayaguem : Contemporary Music (Chimhyangmoo)

Spreading through a Tree

Imagination of Western Culture through the Silk Road to Silla

沈 香 a valuable Indian incense 舞 a tree

Silk String vs. Polyester String

Soft & Delicate Tone Color vs. Louder & More Brilliant Sound

Modern music Various number of strings :

18 Strings : tuned to a Pentatonic Scale & Made of Polyester Synthetic String

25 Strings : tuned heptatonically

Modified Gayaguem

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zhaQTrds7Q

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhT5vtV1kI4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9MFxxobUcY