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Chapter Summaries
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StatPlan Energy Research
Gas Meter Report Ed 3 2019
Gas Meter Report Ed 3 2019 Chapter Summaries
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Chapter 1 - THE GAS METERING LANDSCAPE IN 2018
Globally, 34% of gas is consumed by the residential/commercial sector, 39% by industry and 29% by
power plants. Analysis of gas customers in 64 countries, their number, consumption of meters in units
and value.
Chapter 2 - WORLD DEMAND FOR GAS METERS FROM 2018 TO 2022
Glbal demand anaalysed by meter type. Meter techology shares.
Chapter 3 - LONG-TERM DEMAND TREND FOR GAS METERS
Globally, 34% of gas is consumed by the residential/commercial sector, 39% by industry and 29% by
power plants. Until the last decade demand followed regular trends established over a century. It had its
local fluctuations but the overall trend for each country was regular. The sudden rollouts of smart meters
will have dramatic impacts on demand trends and will change them beyond recognition. The changes in
the demand cycle are identified where applicable for each country.
Chapter 4 - GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The transmission and distribution of gas involves huge investment and the gas is regulated, compressed
and metered at pressures from 1,500 psi in long distance transmission to under 3 psi in domestic
households. The meters at the high pressure end are few in number but well-engineered and costly. The
system is mapped and the different stages identified.
Chapter 5 - METER TYPES……FROM 1843 TO THE FUTURE
Overview of the development of metering from the earliest days and each technology.
Chapter 6 - THE GAS METER MARKET IN EUROPE
Chapters 6 to 12 contain regional and country sections, with market reviews with:
¨ A summary of the gas supply industry, distribution and consumers
¨ Gas meters sales in base year 2016 with forecasts from 2017 to 2021 in numbers of units, $ sales and
average selling price per meter - for Residential, AMR, AMI, PPM, Commercial and Industrial, and Smart
Meters
¨ Status and commentary on Ultrasonic Meters and Smart Metering
¨ Gas meter vendors
Expanded market commentary for the United States, Japan, China and India.
Chapter 7 - THE GAS METER MARKET IN CIS
Chapter 8 - THE GAS METER MARKET IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA
Chapter 9 - THE GAS METER MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC
Chapter 10 - THE GAS METER MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA
Gas Meter Report Ed 3 2019 Chapter Summaries
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Chapter 11 - THE GAS METER MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA
Chapter 12 - THE GAS METER MARKET IN CENTRAL AMERICA
Chapter 13 - COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS, COMPANY PROFILES AND MARKET SHARES
The three historical global metering groups, Elster, Itron and Landis+Gyr are still the market leaders in the
gas meter market, with 61% of the global market in value. Their large share in the value of the market is
due to their dominance of the high end C&I sector, providing metering solutions for the high pressure grid
and large industry. ¨ Global market shares are accompanied with profiles of the meter manufacturers,
including those with small shares in numbers of meters but leading positions in high end meters for high
pressure measurement - Elster, Itron, Landis+Gyr, Dresser, Diehl, Apator, Sagemcom, Sensus, Dongfa
Group, Holley, Emerson.
Chapter 14 - NGV and AUTOGAS METERING
The metering of gas dispensed to CNG and Autogas powered vehicles is a small segment of the metering
market. Each filling station has two kinds of gas meter; a master meter which measures the gas arriving at
the station, and individual meters on the pumps measuring the gas supplied to vehicles. The technology is
outlined and the main meter products listed.
Chapter 15 - THE ORIGINS OF THE GLOBAL GAS INDUSTRY
On overview of the gas industry, from its start with local manufactured coal gas plants, to its conversion
and huge expansion with transmission pipelines into an international industry. Its competitive role versus
electricity.
Chapter 16 - GAS SOURCES, TYPES AND DELIVERY
A review of gas. Gas comes in many forms, is made from various feedstocks and is delivered in different
ways. Most gas comes from three hydrocarbons; natural gas, liquid petroleum gas and coal. There are four
major categories of gas.
METHODOLOGY
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Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................19
Split between residential and C&I meter sales .......................................................................................................20
Gas meter technology shares .................................................................................................................................20
Long-term demand for gas meters .........................................................................................................................20
Changes in the demand cycles for gas meters caused national smart meter deployments ..................................21
Changes in the demand cycles for gas meter markets by country. ........................................................................22
Competitive landscape ............................................................................................................................................23
Meter types……from 1843 to the future .................................................................................................................24
Meter types .............................................................................................................................................................24
Gas sources, types and delivery ..............................................................................................................................24
The origins of the global gas industry .....................................................................................................................25
Electricity versus Gas ..............................................................................................................................................26
1.THE GAS METERING LANDSCAPE IN 2018 ...................................................................................................................27
Shifting trends of demand ......................................................................................................................................29
2.WORLD DEMAND FOR GAS METERS FROM 2018 TO 2022 .........................................................................................31
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................31
Gas meter technology shares .................................................................................................................................32
3.LONG-TERM DEMAND TREND FOR GAS METERS ........................................................................................................33
The long-term demand trends ................................................................................................................................34
4.GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM .........................................................................................................................................38
Gas pressure ...........................................................................................................................................................38
The gathering system ..............................................................................................................................................39
The transmission System ........................................................................................................................................39
Compressor stations ...............................................................................................................................................39
Line pack .................................................................................................................................................................40
Gate stations ...........................................................................................................................................................40
The distribution system ..........................................................................................................................................40
The final stage, moving natural gas into the home ................................................................................................41
5.METER TYPES……FROM 1843 TO THE FUTURE ............................................................................................................42
Positive displacement gas meters ...........................................................................................................................42
Diaphragm meters ..................................................................................................................................................42
Rotary meters .........................................................................................................................................................43
Inferential meters ...................................................................................................................................................43
Turbine meters ........................................................................................................................................................43
Orifice meters .........................................................................................................................................................43
Other gas meters ....................................................................................................................................................44
Ultrasonic flow meters ............................................................................................................................................44
Coriolis meters ........................................................................................................................................................44
Vortex meters .........................................................................................................................................................45
MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) ............................................................................................................45
Smart/advanced meters .................................................................................................................................................47
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Communication module ......................................................................................................................................... 47
Turndown ratio and rangeability ........................................................................................................................... 48
Typical turndown ratio of various meter types ...................................................................................................... 48
Meter sizes - G ........................................................................................................................................................ 48
Heating value.......................................................................................................................................................... 49
6.THE GAS METER MARKET IN EUROPE ......................................................................................................................... 50
Establishment of gas in Europe .............................................................................................................................. 50
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 54
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 55
AUSTRIA .................................................................................................................................................................. 56
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 57
BELGIUM ................................................................................................................................................................ 58
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 59
Cost benefit analysis projects ................................................................................................................................ 59
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 59
BULGARIA ............................................................................................................................................................... 60
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 61
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 61
CZECH REPUBLIC ..................................................................................................................................................... 62
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 63
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 63
DENMARK ............................................................................................................................................................... 64
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 65
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 65
ESTONIA ................................................................................................................................................................. 66
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 66
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 66
FINLAND ................................................................................................................................................................. 67
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 68
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 68
FRANCE ................................................................................................................................................................... 69
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 71
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 72
Long-term demand cycle ........................................................................................................................................ 72
GERMANY ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 77
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 77
GREECE ................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 79
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 79
HUNGARY ............................................................................................................................................................... 80
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 81
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Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 81
IRELAND .................................................................................................................................................................. 82
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 83
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 83
Long-term demand cycle ........................................................................................................................................ 83
ITALY ....................................................................................................................................................................... 85
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 87
Smart meters definition ......................................................................................................................................... 87
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 88
Long-term demand cycle ........................................................................................................................................ 88
LATVIA .................................................................................................................................................................... 89
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 89
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 90
LITHUANIA .............................................................................................................................................................. 91
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 92
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 92
NETHERLANDS ........................................................................................................................................................ 93
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 94
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 95
Long-term demand cycle ........................................................................................................................................ 95
POLAND .................................................................................................................................................................. 96
Smart meter progress............................................................................................................................................. 97
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 97
PORTUGAL .............................................................................................................................................................. 98
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 99
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 99
ROMANIA ............................................................................................................................................................... 100
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 100
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 101
SLOVAK REPUBLIC .................................................................................................................................................. 102
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 102
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 103
SLOVENIA ................................................................................................................................................................ 104
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 104
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 105
SPAIN ...................................................................................................................................................................... 106
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 107
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 107
SWEDEN ................................................................................................................................................................. 108
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 109
Meter demand ....................................................................................................................................................... 109
SWITZERLAND ........................................................................................................................................................ 110
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 111
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Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 111
TURKEY .................................................................................................................................................................... 112
Prepayment gas meters .......................................................................................................................................... 113
Smart meter progress ............................................................................................................................................. 113
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 113
UNITED KINGDOM .................................................................................................................................................. 114
Certification ............................................................................................................................................................ 117
Remanufacturing meters for the secondary or sub-metering market ................................................................... 117
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 118
Pulse transmission of data for AMR ....................................................................................................................... 120
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 120
Long-term demand cycle ........................................................................................................................................ 121
7.THE GAS METER MARKET IN THE CIS........................................................................................................................... 122
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 122
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 123
Long-term demand cycle ........................................................................................................................................ 123
RUSSIA .................................................................................................................................................................... 124
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 126
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 127
Meter manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................. 127
UKRAINE .................................................................................................................................................................. 128
Smart meter progress ............................................................................................................................................. 130
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 130
Meter manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................. 130
8.THE GAS METER MARKET IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA ..................................................................................... 131
MIDDLE EAST .......................................................................................................................................................... 131
IRAN ........................................................................................................................................................................ 132
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 133
Meter manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................. 133
NORTH AFRICA ........................................................................................................................................................ 134
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 134
ALGERIA .................................................................................................................................................................. 135
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 136
Meter manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................. 136
EGYPT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 137
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 138
Meter manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................. 138
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ............................................................................................................................................ 139
9.THE GAS METER MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC .................................................................................................................. 140
Meter demand Asia Pacific ..................................................................................................................................... 141
AUSTRALIA .............................................................................................................................................................. 142
Smart meter progress ............................................................................................................................................. 143
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 143
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CHINA ...................................................................................................................................................................... 144
The development of distributed gas in china ......................................................................................................... 144
Manufactured gas ................................................................................................................................................... 145
LPG .......................................................................................................................................................................... 146
Natural gas .............................................................................................................................................................. 147
City Gas players ....................................................................................................................................................... 149
Smart meter progress ............................................................................................................................................. 149
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 149
Meter manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................. 149
INDIA ....................................................................................................................................................................... 151
Smart meter progress ............................................................................................................................................. 153
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 154
INDONESIA .............................................................................................................................................................. 155
Smart meter progress ............................................................................................................................................. 156
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 156
JAPAN ...................................................................................................................................................................... 157
1.The intelligent Micom gas meter ......................................................................................................................... 158
2.Ultrasonic intelligent gas meter .......................................................................................................................... 159
3.Smart meters ....................................................................................................................................................... 160
LPG meters .............................................................................................................................................................. 161
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 161
Meter manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................. 161
SOUTH KOREA ......................................................................................................................................................... 163
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 164
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 164
Meter manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................. 165
NEW ZEALAND ........................................................................................................................................................ 166
Smart meter progress ............................................................................................................................................. 167
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 167
PAKISTAN ................................................................................................................................................................ 168
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 168
TAIWAN ................................................................................................................................................................... 169
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 170
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 170
Meter manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................. 170
THAILAND................................................................................................................................................................ 171
10.THE GAS METER MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA ......................................................................................................... 172
UNITED STATES ....................................................................................................................................................... 172
Gas industry structure ............................................................................................................................................ 173
Smart meters .......................................................................................................................................................... 174
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................ 175
Long-term demand cycle ........................................................................................................................................ 175
Meter manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................. 176
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CANADA ..................................................................................................................................................................177
Smart meters ..........................................................................................................................................................178
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................178
MEXICO ...................................................................................................................................................................179
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................180
11.THE GAS METER MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA .........................................................................................................181
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................182
ARGENTINA .............................................................................................................................................................183
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................184
BRAZIL .....................................................................................................................................................................185
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................187
CHILE .......................................................................................................................................................................188
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................189
COLOMBIA ..............................................................................................................................................................190
Meter demand ........................................................................................................................................................191
12.THE GAS METER MARKET IN CENTRAL AMERICA ......................................................................................................192
13.COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS, COMPANY PROFIELS AND MARKET SHARES .....................................................................193
Elster .......................................................................................................................................................................193
Itron.........................................................................................................................................................................194
Landis+Gyr ..............................................................................................................................................................194
Dresser ....................................................................................................................................................................195
Diehl ........................................................................................................................................................................195
Apator .....................................................................................................................................................................195
Sagemcom ...............................................................................................................................................................195
Sensus .....................................................................................................................................................................196
Dongfa Group ..........................................................................................................................................................196
Holley ......................................................................................................................................................................196
Emerson ..................................................................................................................................................................196
DNV GL ....................................................................................................................................................................197
14.NGV and AUTOGAS METERING ..................................................................................................................................198
The filling process ...................................................................................................................................................198
15.THE ORIGINS OF THE GLOBAL GAS INDUSTRY ...........................................................................................................199
The conversion process of distribution networks from manufactured gas to natural gas ....................................200
Electricity versus Gas ..............................................................................................................................................201
16.GAS SOURCES, TYPES AND DELIVERY .........................................................................................................................204
GAS CATEGORIES ....................................................................................................................................................204
Natural gas ..............................................................................................................................................................204
Manufactured gas ...................................................................................................................................................204
Coke-oven gas .........................................................................................................................................................205
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) ................................................................................................................................205
Coal gas ...................................................................................................................................................................205
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Biogas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 205
Blast furnace gas .................................................................................................................................................... 205
Gas hydrates .......................................................................................................................................................... 205
Refinery gas ............................................................................................................................................................ 206
Syngas - SNG........................................................................................................................................................... 206
PG Autogas ............................................................................................................................................................. 206
GAS DELIVERY AND STORAGE ................................................................................................................................ 206
Piped gas ................................................................................................................................................................ 207
Natural gas liquids, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) ................................................................................................... 207
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) ............................................................................................................................... 207
Compressed natural gas (CNG) .............................................................................................................................. 207
METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................................. 208
Demand for gas meters .......................................................................................................................................... 208
Installed base ......................................................................................................................................................... 208
Demand – long term demand cycle ....................................................................................................................... 209
Long-term demand trend in France, reconfigured by the deployment of smart gas meters................................ 209
Short term demand ................................................................................................................................................ 209
Figures
Figure 1: The growth in manufactured city gas and natural gas consumers from 1900-2020. ..................................... 30
Figure 2: The global installed base of households - all, with electricity and gas, 1900-2050. ....................................... 33
Figure 3: The global installed base and annual demand for gas meters, 1950-2050 .................................................... 33
Figure 4: Households with access to gas by region, 1900-2050 .................................................................................... 34
Figure 5: Long-term annual demand trend with continuation of diaphragm meters, France, 1900-2050. .................. 35
Figure 6: Long-term annual demand trend, reconfigured by the deployment of smart gas meters, France,
1900-2050. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 7: Gas distribution system .................................................................................................................................. 38
Figure 8: The world’s major gas transmission and distribution networks in km ........................................................... 41
Figure 9: The European gas grid in 1965. ....................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 10: The European gas grid in 2018. ..................................................................................................................... 52
Figure 11: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential gas consumers, Europe,1900-2020 ............................... 52
Figure 12: The status of smart gas metering in Europe, September 2018 .................................................................... 54
Figure 13: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential gas consumers, Austria, 1900-2020. .............................. 56
Figure 14: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential gas consumers, Belgium, 1900-2020. ............................ 58
Figure 15: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential gas consumers, Bulgaria, 1900-2020. ............................ 60
Figure 16: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential gas consumers, Czech Republic, 1900-2020. ................. 62
Figure 17: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Denmark, 1900-2020. ........ 64
Figure 18: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Estonia, 1900-2020. ........... 66
Figure 19: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Finland, 1900-2020. ........... 67
Figure 20: Household penetration of manufactured gas, natural gas and LPG in France, 1900-2020. ......................... 70
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Figure 21: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, France, 1900-2020. ............ 70
Figure 22: Gazpar smart gas meter. ............................................................................................................................... 71
Figure 23: Long-term annual demand trend in France, reconfigured by the deployment of smart gas meters, 1
900-2050. ........................................................................................................................................................................ 73
Figure 24: Household penetration of manufactured gas, natural gas and LPG in Germany, 1900-2020. ..................... 75
Figure 25: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Germany, 1900-2020. ........ 76
Figure 26: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Greece, 1900-2020. ........... 78
Figure 27: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Hungary, 1900-2020. ......... 80
Figure 28: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Ireland, 1900-2020. ............ 82
Figure 29: Long-term annual demand trend in Ireland, reconfigured by the deployment of smart gas meters,
1900-2050. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 84
Figure 30: Household penetration of manufactured gas, natural gas and LPG in Italy, 1900-2020. ............................. 86
Figure 31: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers Italy, 1900-2020. ................. 86
Figure 32: Long-term annual demand trend in Italy, reconfigured by the deployment of smart gas meters,
1900-2020. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 88
Figure 33: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Latvia, 1900-2020. ............. 89
Figure 34: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Lithuania, 1900-2020. ........ 91
Figure 35: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Netherlands, 1900-2020. ... 93
Figure 36: Long-term annual demand trend in the Netherlands, reconfigured by the deployment of
smart gas meters, 1900-2050. ........................................................................................................................................ 95
Figure 37: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Poland, 1900-2020. ............ 96
Figure 38: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Portugal, 1900-2020. ......... 98
Figure 39: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Romania, 1900-2020. ......... 100
Figure 40 : Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Slovak Republic
1900-2020. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 102
Figure 41: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Slovenia, 1900-2020. ......... 104
Figure 42: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Spain, 1900-20. .................. 106
Figure 43: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Sweden, 1900-2020. .......... 108
Figure 44: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Switzerland, 1900-2020. .... 110
Figure 45: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, Turkey, 1900-2020. ............ 112
Figure 46: Household penetration of manufactured gas, natural gas and LPG in the United Kingdom, 1900-2020. .... 115
Figure 47: Penetration of electricity and gas in the United Kingdom from 1900-2015. ................................................ 115
Figure 48: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential gas consumers, United Kingdom,
1900-2020. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 116
Figure 49: Long-term annual demand trend in the United Kingdom, reconfigured by the deployment of
smart gas meters, 1900-2050. ........................................................................................................................................ 121
Figure 50: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, CIS, 1900-2020. ........................................... 122
Figure 51: Long-term annual demand trend in the CIS, 1900-2050. .............................................................................. 123
Figure 52: Household penetration of manufactured gas, natural gas and LPG in Russia, 1900-2020. .......................... 125
Figure 53: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Russia, 1900-2020. ...................................... 126
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Figure 54: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Ukraine, 1900-2020. ................................... 129
Figure 55: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Middle East, 1900-2020. ............................ 131
Figure 56: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Iran, 1900-2020. ......................................... 132
Figure 57: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, North Africa, 1900-2020. ........................... 134
Figure 58: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Algeria, 1900-2020. .................................... 135
Figure 59: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Egypt, 1900-2020. ...................................... 137
Figure 60: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Sub-Saharan Africa, 1900-2020. ................. 139
Figure 61: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Asia Pacific, 1900-2020. ............................. 140
Figure 62: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Australia, 1900-2020. ................................. 142
Figure 63: Length of pipeline networks for Manufactured Gas, LPG and Natural Gas in China, 1978-2010. ............... 145
Figure 64: Numbers of urban housing units, piped natural and manufactured gas and cylinder LPG, China,
1988-2020. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 148
Figure 65: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, India, 1900-2020. ....................................... 153
Figure 66: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Indonesia, 1900-2020................................. 155
Figure 67: Household penetration of manufactured gas, natural gas and LPG in Japan, 1900-2020. .......................... 157
Figure 68: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Japan, 1900-2020. ...................................... 158
Figure 69: Micom, conventional diaphragm intelligent gas meter. ............................................................................... 159
Figure 70: Ultrasonic gas meter. .................................................................................................................................... 160
Figure 71: Household penetration of natural gas and LPG in South Korea, 1948-2020. ............................................... 163
Figure 72: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, South Korea, 1900-2020. ........................... 164
Figure 73: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, New Zealand, 1900-2020. .......................... 166
Figure 74: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Taiwan, 1900-2020. .................................... 169
Figure 75: Household penetration of manufactured gas, natural gas and LPG in the US, 1900-2020. ......................... 173
Figure 76: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential consumers, United States, 1900-2020. ....... 174
Figure 77: Long-term annual demand trend for gas meters, United States, 1900-2050. ............................................. 176
Figure 78: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential consumers, Canada, 1900-2020. ................. 177
Figure 79: Numbers of housing units, all gas consumers and residential consumers, Mexico, 1900-2020. ................. 179
Figure 80: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, South America, 1900-2020. ........................ 182
Figure 81: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Argentina, 1900-2020. ............................... 183
Figure 82: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Brazil, 1900-2020. ...................................... 186
Figure 83: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Chile, 1900-2020. ....................................... 188
Figure 84: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Colombia, 1900-2020. ................................ 191
Figure 85: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, Central America, 1900-2020. ..................... 192
Figure 86: Market shares of gas meter manufacturers in value .................................................................................... 193
Figure 87: Timeline of global gas and electricity distribution. ....................................................................................... 200
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Tables Table 1: Demographics, consumers and demand for gas meters in units and $ value, by region 2018. ....................... 27
Table 2: Residential, commercial and industrial consumers for selected countries ...................................................... 27
Table 3: Demographics, consumers and demand for gas meters in units and $ value, by major countries 2018. ....... 28
Table 4: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value, the World, 2018-2022. ............ 31
Table 5: Changes in the demand cycles for gas meter markets by country ................................................................... 36
Table 6: Typical turndown ratios of gas meter types ..................................................................................................... 48
Table 7: Basic population and gas statistics, Europe ...................................................................................................... 50
Table 8: Numbers of metered residential and industrial end-users of gas, Europe, thousands, 2018 .......................... 53
Table 9: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Europe, 2018-2022 ............................................................................................. 55
Table 10: Basic population and gas statistics, Austria. ................................................................................................... 56
Table 11: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Austria, 2018-2022. ............................................................................................ 57
Table 12: Basic population and gas statistics, Belgium. ................................................................................................. 58
Table 13: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value, w
ith average selling price per meter, Belgium, 2018-2022. ............................................................................................. 59
Table 14: Basic population and gas statistics, Bulgaria. ................................................................................................. 60
Table 15: Basic population and gas statistics, Czech Republic. ...................................................................................... 62
Table 16: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value, w
ith average selling price per meter, Czech Republic, 2018-2022. .................................................................................. 63
Table 17: Basic population and gas statistics, Denmark. ............................................................................................... 64
Table 18: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Denmark, 2018-2022. ......................................................................................... 65
Table 19: Basic population and gas statistics, Estonia. .................................................................................................. 66
Table 20: Basic population and gas statistics, Finland. .................................................................................................. 67
Table 21: Basic population and gas statistics, France. ................................................................................................... 69
Table 22: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, France, 2018-2022. ............................................................................................. 72
Table 23: Basic population and gas statistics, Germany. ............................................................................................... 74
Table 24: Gas meters in use in Germany by type, 2011. ................................................................................................ 76
Table 25: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Germany, 2018-2022. ......................................................................................... 77
Table 26: Basic population and gas statistics, Greece. ................................................................................................... 78
Table 27: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Greece, 2018-2022. ............................................................................................ 79
Table 28: Basic population and gas statistics, Hungary. ................................................................................................. 80
Table 29: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Hungary, 2018-2022. .......................................................................................... 81
Table 30: Basic population and gas statistics, Ireland. ................................................................................................... 82
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Table 31: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Ireland, 2018-2022. ............................................................................................ 83
Table 32: Basic population and gas statistics, Italy. ........................................................................................................ 85
Table 33: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Italy, 2018-2022. ................................................................................................. 88
Table 34: Basic population and gas statistics, Latvia ...................................................................................................... 89
Table 35: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Latvia, 2018-2022. .............................................................................................. 90
Table 36: Basic population and gas statistics, Lithuania. ................................................................................................ 91
Table 37: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Lithuania, 2018-2022. ......................................................................................... 92
Table 38: Basic population and gas statistics, Netherlands. ........................................................................................... 93
Table 39: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Netherlands, 2018-2022. .................................................................................... 95
Table 40: Basic population and gas statistics, Poland. ................................................................................................... 96
Table 41: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Poland, 2018-2022. ............................................................................................. 97
Table 42: Basic population and gas statistics, Portugal. ................................................................................................. 98
Table 43: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Portugal, 2018-2022. .......................................................................................... 99
Table 44: Basic population and gas statistics, Romania. ................................................................................................ 100
Table 45: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Romania, 2018-2022........................................................................................... 101
Table 46: Basic population and gas statistics, Slovak Republic. ..................................................................................... 102
Table 47: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Slovak Republic, 2018-2022. ............................................................................... 103
Table 48: Basic population and gas statistics, Slovenia. ................................................................................................. 104
Table 49: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Slovenia, 2018-2022. .......................................................................................... 105
Table 50: Basic population and gas statistics, Spain. ...................................................................................................... 106
Table 51: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Spain, 2018-2022. ............................................................................................... 107
Table 52: Basic population and gas statistics, Sweden. .................................................................................................. 108
Table 53: Basic population and gas statistics, Switzerland. ............................................................................................ 110
Table 54: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Switzerland, 2018-2022. ..................................................................................... 111
Table 55: Basic population and gas statistic, Turkey. ..................................................................................................... 112
Table 56: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Turkey, 2018-2022. ............................................................................................. 113
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Table 57: Basic population and gas statistics, United Kingdom. .................................................................................... 114
Table 58: UK energy providers’ record of installations of smart meters by January 2018. ........................................... 118
Table 59: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, United Kingdom, 2018-2022. ............................................................................. 120
Table 60: Basic population and gas statistics, CIS. ......................................................................................................... 122
Table 61: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, CIS, 2018-2022.................................................................................................... 123
Table 62: Basic population and gas statistics, Russia. .................................................................................................... 124
Table 63: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Russia, 2018-2022. ............................................................................................. 127
Table 64: Basic population and gas statistics, Ukraine. .................................................................................................. 128
Table 65: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Ukraine, 2018-2022. ........................................................................................... 130
Table 66: Basic population and gas statistics, Middle East. ........................................................................................... 131
Table 67: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Middle East, 2018-2022. .................................................................................... 131
Table 68: Basic population and gas statistics, Iran. ........................................................................................................ 132
Table 69: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Iran, 2018-2022. ................................................................................................. 133
Table 70: Basic population and gas statistics, North Africa, 2013.................................................................................. 134
Table 71: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, North Africa, 2018-2022. .................................................................................... 134
Table 72: Basic population and gas statistics, Algeria. ................................................................................................... 135
Table 73: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Algeria, 2018-2022. ............................................................................................ 136
Table 74: Basic population and gas statistics, Egypt. ..................................................................................................... 137
Table 75: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Egypt, 2018-2022. .............................................................................................. 138
Table 76: Basic population and gas statistics, sub-Saharan Africa. ................................................................................ 139
Table 77: Basic population and gas statistics, Asia Pacific. ............................................................................................ 140
Table 78: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Asia Pacific, 2018-2022. ...................................................................................... 141
Table 79: Basic population and gas statistics, Australia. ................................................................................................ 142
Table 80: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Australia, 2018-2022. ......................................................................................... 143
Table 81: Basic population and gas statistics, China. ..................................................................................................... 144
Table 82: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, China, 2018-2022. .............................................................................................. 149
Table 83: Leading gas meter companies in China .......................................................................................................... 150
Table 84: Basic population and gas statistics, India. ...................................................................................................... 151
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Table 85: The PNG network in India, 2016. ....................................................................................................................152
Table 86: CNG network in India, 2016. ...........................................................................................................................153
Table 87: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Indonesia, 2018-2022. ........................................................................................154
Table 88: Basic population and gas statistics, Indonesia. ...............................................................................................155
Table 89: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Indonesia, 2018-2022. ........................................................................................156
Table 90: Basic population and gas statistics, Japan. .....................................................................................................157
Table 91: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Japan, 2018-2022. ...............................................................................................161
Table 92: Basic population and gas statistics, South Korea. ...........................................................................................163
Table 93: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Korea, 2018-2022................................................................................................164
Table 94: Basic population and gas statistics, New Zealand. ..........................................................................................166
Table 95: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, New Zealand, 2018-2022. ...................................................................................167
Table 96: Basic population and gas statistics, Pakistan. .................................................................................................168
Table 97: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Pakistan, 2018-2022. ..........................................................................................168
Table 98: Basic population and gas statistics, Taiwan. ...................................................................................................169
Table 99: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Taiwan, 2018-2022. ............................................................................................170
Table 100: Basic population and gas statistics, Thailand. ...............................................................................................171
Table 101: Basic population and gas statistics, United States. .......................................................................................172
Table 102: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, United States, 2018-2022. ..................................................................................175
Table 103: Basic population and gas statistics, Canada. .................................................................................................177
Table 104: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Canada, 2018-2022. ............................................................................................178
Table 105: Basic population and gas statistics, Mexico. .................................................................................................179
Table 106: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Mexico, 2018-2028. ............................................................................................180
Table 107: Basic population and gas statistics, South America. .....................................................................................181
Table 108: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, South America 2018-2022. .................................................................................182
Table 109: Basic population and gas statistics, Argentina. .............................................................................................183
Table 110: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Argentina, 2018-2022. ........................................................................................184
Table 111: Basic population and gas statistics, Brazil. ....................................................................................................185
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Table 112: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Brazil, 2018-2022. ...............................................................................................187
Table 113: Basic population and gas statistics, Chile. .....................................................................................................188
Table 114: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Chile, 2018-2022. ................................................................................................189
Table 115: Basic population and gas statistics, Colombia. .............................................................................................190
Table 116: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value,
with average selling price per meter, Columbia, 2018-2022. .........................................................................................191
Table 117: Basic population and gas statistics, Central America (excluding Mexico) , 2013 .........................................192
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1. THE GAS METERING LANDSCAPE IN 2018
Globally, 34% of gas is consumed by the residential/commercial sector, 39% by industry and 29% by power
plants. These proportions vary a lot by country. In some countries, there is no residential consumption, in
others there is consumption by power plants and industry, and in some only by power plants, which has an
obvious bearing on the distribution of meter types. There were XXX billion households in the world in 2018
and piped gas consumers, over 95% of whom are household users, total XXX%. Annual demand for gas
meter was XX million units, with a value of $XX billion in 2018.
Table 1: Demographics, consumers and demand for gas meters in units and $ value, by region 2018.
Population Households Natural gas
consumers
Demand for
meters
Demand for
meters
Million Million Thousand Thousand $ million
Europe
CIS
Middle East
North Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Asia
Pacific
North America
South America
Central America
World
Table 2: Residential, commercial and industrial consumers for selected countries
Residential Commercial Industrial Total
USA
Canada
Tokyo Gas
UK
EU
USA
Canada
Tokyo Gas
UK
EU
Iran
India
Tunisia
Iran
India
Tunisia
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The analysis of gas customers in Table 2 indicates that gas is used more frequently in the commercial and
industrial sectors in developed than in developing countries. In the USA, Canada, Tokyo and UK commercial
customers of gas amount to XX%, XX%, XX% and XX% of all users respectively, compared with XX%, XX% and
XX% in Iran, India and Tunisia.
Table 3: Demographics, consumers and demand for gas meters in units and $ value, by major
countries 2018.
Country Population Households Natural gas
consumers
Demand
for meters
Demand for
meters
2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 Million Million ‘000 ‘000
meters
$ million
Algeria
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Bangladesh
Belgium
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Colombia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
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Korea, Rep.
Latvia
Lithuania
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Pakistan
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Tunisia
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Others
World
Shifting trends of demand
Historically the demand for gas meters, like demand for electricity and water meters, followed a stable long-
term path, although it varied from this on a short-term basis depending on more immediate circumstances
such as finance, prices and demand for energy. Gas meters had long lives and if budgets were under
pressure replacements could be delayed for a year or two. However, over the long-term the trends were
stable.
The installed base of meters consists are those which are installed at any point in time and the total grows
or declines over time, usually following a steady linear trend upwards. Demand is the number of meters
which are installed in one year, either as additions to the meter stock due to expansion of the network or
replacements of aged meters. Demand is not linear and fluctuates, depending of new growth and the
replacements. The rate at which units were installed in the past has a strong effect on the demand cycle
and if there was a surge in installations 30 to 40 years ago there will be a surge in replacements now.
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SOUTH KOREA
Table 4: Basic population and gas statistics, South Korea.
Population Households Gas Customers
Million Million Million
2018 2018 2018
Natural gas first was imported into South Korea in 1986 and consumption has grown fast since then. Kogas
imports and sells gas wholesale and direct to large industrial companies. It is distributed by 33 private city gas
companies to households, commercial and industrial customers. Most demand was in the industrial sector at
the start of importation but after 1995 households began to predominate.
LPG was first used in Korea in 1959. It is used in households, as a feedstock for piped city gas and for
automobiles. Propane, the main component of LPG, was first widely used for cooking in residential and
commercial entities, and butane was increasingly used for transportation. Demand was not significant in the
initial stages; in 1968, the demand for LPG in the Korean market stood at a meagre 16 tons and production at
15 tons. LPG is now used by XX million households for cooking and heating and XX million automobiles for fuel.
The households use consists of bottled cylinder gas and LPG as a feedstock for piped city gas.
Figure 1: Household penetration of natural gas and LPG in South Korea, 1948-2020.
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Figure 2: Numbers of housing units, all gas and residential consumers, South Korea, 1900-2020.
100% of consumers are metered.
Smart meters
We have no reports yet of smart gas metering.
Meter demand
Table 5: Annual demand trend for gas meters, IGC and residential, in units, $ value, with
average selling price per meter, Korea, 2018-2022.
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
‘000 meters
Residential
AMR
AMI residential
Industrial & grid
Total meters
$ million
Residential
AMR
AMI residential
Industrial & grid
Total value
Average selling price $
Residential
AMR
AMI residential
Industrial & grid
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Meter manufacturers
The Korean gas meter market is dominated by local meter manufacturers.
Keuk Dong started as a manufacturer of fans for motors and became a supplier to Samsung Electronics in
1990, entering gas meter manufacturing. The company now has a high share in the domestic gas meter
market and exports to Latin-America, Southeast Asia and Central Asia.
Keuk Dong first introduced Micom meters (Multi Function safety gas meter) into Korea market, providing
gas safety and home network technology.
Daehan GM Corporation claims to be the oldest gas meter manufacturer in Korea.