Gas Management Systems

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Medical gases

Compressedair (5 bar)

N2O)Nitrous oxide(

Vacuum Compressed air

(8 bar )or Nitrogen

AGSS

1. O2, and medical compressed air (5 bar) used for life support and respiratory therapy.

2. N2O is an analgesic gas used in anesthesia machine. 3. Vacuum (technically not gas), negative pressure to take

out the expired air.4. AGSS (Anesthesia Gas Scavenging System), to take out

N2O and filter it before being outdoors.5. Compressed air (8 bar) or Nitrogen, to operate

pneumatic surgical tools.

6. CO2 used for insufflations.

CO2

O2

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Medical Gas pipeline system

• A pipeline system is a system that includes: – The pipeline network,– The control unit and – The terminal units where the medical gases or

anesthetic gas scavenging disposal systems may be required.

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PIPED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

THREE Classes Of Pipeline Systems :

• Main Lines

• Risers

• Branch (Lateral) Lines

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MAIN LINES

RISER LINES

BRANCH OR

LATERAL LINES

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MaterialSpecial copper pipes are used as copper has many good qualities:

• Corrosion resistance• Neutral with respect to medical

gases• Ease of handling )combining

technique and installation• Great operational safety and

durability

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Medical gas pipeline components

• Air compressor• Vacuum systems• Medical gas outlets• Alarms• Manifolds• Zone valves & Zone valves boxes• Wall and floor mounting systems• Rails for flexible equipment movement and utilize

floor space

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Medical gas pipeline diagram

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Oxygen Supplying System

• Oxygen may be supplied as follows:1. Gas in cylinders

2. Cryogenic liquid in mobile vessels or stationary vessels

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1. Gas in Cylinders• A cylinder manifold system shall have two banks

(groups) of cylinders or cylinder bundles• The banks alternately supply the pipeline,• Each bank having its cylinders connected to a common

header with a separate manifold pressure regulator. • The secondary bank comes into operation automatically

when content of the primary bank becomes exhausted.

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2. Cryogenic liquid Systems

• Cryogenic tanks systems hold liquefied cryogenic gases )oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen or helium( and dispense these gases in the form of a liquid or gas as required by the customer.

• Cryogenic tanks pressure vessels manufactured with an inner and outer vessel to hold cryogenic liquefied gases that have condensation points less than -150 ºC. Cryogenic Tank

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1. Pressure regulators

2. Pressure relief valve

Oxygen system components

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1. Pressure Regulators

• There are two types of regulators

– Operating pressure regulator: there are two operating regulators; one on every bank manifold

– Line pressure regulator• There are one or two line regulators

on every manifold.• Function: to maintain a constant

pressure at maximum flow rate of the system.

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2. Pressure Relief Valve• Pressure relief valves are installed

downstream of all pressure regulators• Valves set at no more than 50% above the

pressure regulator setting.• Function: Fully relieving the pressure at

the set point in case failure of regulator.• All pressure relief valves have piping

connections to allow release of to outside facility.

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Medical Compressed Air

• The supply system may be:1. An air compressor system,

2. A proportioning system, and

3. A cylinder supply system.• The following diagram describes the

system in details.

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1. Compressors• Compressed air is provided by 2

air compressors in 1+1 backup system.

• Either reciprocating or screw type air compressors are used

• Compressor has to be oil free.

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11 – CO catalyst 6 – Pre-filter 1 – Air compressor (reciprocating or screw type)

12 – Sterile filter 7 – Oil filter 2 – Automatic drain

13 – Dew point analyzer 8 – Air dryer 3 – Safety relief valve

14 – Automatic drain 9 – Dust filter 4 – Pressure gauge

10 – Activated carbon 5 – Compressed air tank (receiver)

Medical Compressed Air

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Duplex filter

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Duplex filter (special Considerations(

• Air intakes should be located high enough in receiver to eliminate intake of particles of dust, smoke, dirt, and water.

• A double filtering line consisting, each, of air line ultra high efficiency filter and activated carbon filter normally used to remove particles as small as 0.01 micron with efficiency of 99.999%.

• The pressure drop across the carbon filter is often an indication of when the filter should be replaced.

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Vacuum System • Vacuum systems

commonly utilize three pumping devices: the rotating mechanical pump, diffusion pump and cold trap.

• In addition to other system components, such as valves and baffles (control the action of pumps).

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Mechanical Pump

Rotating pumps have large gas handling capacities, but cannot achieve high vacuum )resulting pressure about 10-2 torr.

Mechanical pumps remove the bulk "rough" of the air from a system which is initially at atmospheric pressure, and, once this is accomplished it "backs" the diffusion pump, since a diffusion pump cannot exhaust against atmospheric pressure.

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Diffusion Pump

Reduces system pressure to 10-7 torr

A diffusion pump has a maximum pressure against which it can exhaust. The mechanical pump provides this exhaust pressure for the diffusion pump.

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First stage

CLOSED valves )dark( and OPEN valves )light(. The regions with a darker shade are at a higher pressure.

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Second stage

CLOSED valves )dark( and OPEN valves )light(. The regions with a darker shade are at a higher pressure.

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Third stage

CLOSED valves )dark( and OPEN valves )light(. The regions with a darker shade are at a higher pressure.

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Distribution Systems for Medical Gases

Distribution systems are used for internal clinic transfer of medical gases and vacuum from the plants to the terminal units. Special copper pipes are used as copper has many good qualities:• Corrosion resistance• Neutral with respect to medical gases• Bactericidal and fungicidal effects• Ease of handling )combining technique

and installation• Great operational safety and durability

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Terminal Units

Terminal units permit the supply of medical equipment with medical gases and vacuum from the central gas supply system.

They are suitable for installation in walls, wall lights, energy panel systems and supply units and they can be used in the medical areas.

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Area Control Unit

Area control units serve as a shut-off device as well as control monitor for medical gases and they are integrated in the functional areas of the hospital.