Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n =...
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Transcript of Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n =...
![Page 1: Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in Kelvins (K = C +](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082613/5697c00c1a28abf838cc9088/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Gas LawsGas Laws
10-2 and 10-310-2 and 10-3
![Page 2: Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in Kelvins (K = C +](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082613/5697c00c1a28abf838cc9088/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ideal Gas LawIdeal Gas Law
PV = nRTPV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in
Kelvins
(K = C + 273) And R, the universal gas
constant equals: 0.0821 (L)(atm)/(mol)(K)
![Page 3: Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in Kelvins (K = C +](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082613/5697c00c1a28abf838cc9088/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Example 1Example 1
A steel tank has a volume of 438 L and is A steel tank has a volume of 438 L and is filled with 27.7 moles of O2 gas. Calculate filled with 27.7 moles of O2 gas. Calculate the pressure of the O2 at 21ºC.the pressure of the O2 at 21ºC.
![Page 4: Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in Kelvins (K = C +](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082613/5697c00c1a28abf838cc9088/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Example 2Example 2
If 1.11 moles of gas with a volume of 0.73 If 1.11 moles of gas with a volume of 0.73 L were at a temperature of 288 K, what L were at a temperature of 288 K, what would the pressure of the gas be?would the pressure of the gas be?
![Page 5: Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in Kelvins (K = C +](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082613/5697c00c1a28abf838cc9088/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Charles’s LawCharles’s Law
V = kTV = kT V/T = kV/T = k VV11/T/T11 = V = V22/T/T22
States there is a States there is a direct relationship direct relationship between volume and between volume and temperaturetemperature
Assumes pressure is Assumes pressure is held constantheld constant
![Page 6: Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in Kelvins (K = C +](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082613/5697c00c1a28abf838cc9088/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Charles’s Law: Volume vs. TemperatureCharles’s Law: Volume vs. Temperature
546, 1094
373, 748
272, 546
200, 403
100, 19950, 100
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 200 400 600
Temperature (K)
Vo
lum
e (
mL
)
![Page 7: Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in Kelvins (K = C +](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082613/5697c00c1a28abf838cc9088/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Example 1Example 1
A sample of gas occupies 24 m cubed at A sample of gas occupies 24 m cubed at 100K. What volume would the gas occupy 100K. What volume would the gas occupy at 400 K?at 400 K?
![Page 8: Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in Kelvins (K = C +](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082613/5697c00c1a28abf838cc9088/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Example 2Example 2
Gas in a balloon occupies 2.5 L at 300 K Gas in a balloon occupies 2.5 L at 300 K (about room temperature). At what (about room temperature). At what temperature will the balloon expand to temperature will the balloon expand to 7.5 L?7.5 L?
![Page 9: Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in Kelvins (K = C +](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082613/5697c00c1a28abf838cc9088/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Boyle’s LawBoyle’s Law
PV=kPV=kPP11VV11 = P = P22VV22
States that there is an States that there is an inverseinverse relationship relationship between between volumevolume and and pressurepressure..
It is assumed that It is assumed that TemperatureTemperature is held is held constant.constant.
![Page 10: Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in Kelvins (K = C +](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082613/5697c00c1a28abf838cc9088/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Boyle’s Law: Volume vs. PressureBoyle’s Law: Volume vs. Pressure
100, 500
150, 333
200, 250250, 200
350, 143450, 110
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 100 200 300 400 500
Pressure (kPa)
Vo
lum
e m
L
![Page 11: Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in Kelvins (K = C +](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082613/5697c00c1a28abf838cc9088/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Example 4Example 4
The gas in a 10.0 L container exerts a The gas in a 10.0 L container exerts a pressure of 100 kPa. What pressure is pressure of 100 kPa. What pressure is needed to compress the gas to 2.0 L while needed to compress the gas to 2.0 L while keeping the temperature constant?keeping the temperature constant?
![Page 12: Gas Laws 10-2 and 10-3. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT PV = nRT P = Pressure, in atm V = volume, in L n = number of moles T =Temperature, in Kelvins (K = C +](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082613/5697c00c1a28abf838cc9088/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Example 5Example 5
If the pressure of a 2.5 m3 sample of a If the pressure of a 2.5 m3 sample of a gas is 1.5 atm, what volume will the gas gas is 1.5 atm, what volume will the gas occupy if the pressure is changed to 7.5 occupy if the pressure is changed to 7.5 atm?atm?