Garden Skb VEGETABLE INSECT PESTS Scouting Techniques & Management (2)

8/11/2019 Garden Skb VEGETABLE INSECT PESTS Scouting Techniques & Management (2)

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VEGETABLE INSECT PESTSScouting Techniques &

Management

CAPT. S.K.BHANDARI

& THE TEAM ASFIC

09358525643


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Workshop Objectives

Take the quiz! Basic concepts of IPM

Types of insect injury to plants

Tomato insect pests Insect pests of cruciferous crops

Common on-the-shelf insecticides

Commercial insecticides

Complete the quality survey


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Firstknow the definitions

INJURY

DAMAGE

Damage = injury + economic loss


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Plant injury by INSECTS

Direct injury caused by feeding:

chewing mouthparts VS. suckingmouth parts


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Direct injury caused during oviposition: dimpling on

tomato by thrips egg-laying

Image: UFL IFAS Ext.

Image: UFL IFAS Ext.



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Indirect injury from insect products: honeydew

causes sooty mold (aphids, whiteflies)

Image: TopTurf.net

Image: Iowa State



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Injury from disease transmission: aphids, thrips

Transmit cucumber

mosaic virus (CMV),

potato virus Y (PVY)

Transmit tomato spottedwilt virus (TSWV)



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Is it really an INSECT injury?

Image: Missouri Bot. Garden

Key steps to diagnosis:

Define the problem

Look for patterns: abiotic

problems have patterns!

Find a reasonable scouting

technique

How fast are symptoms

spreading? (time-factor)

Process of elimination to arrive ata diagnosis

VS.


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TOMATO INSECT PESTS


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Everyo

nelove

stoma

toes!


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Scouting for aphidsScout early in season, search under

leaves and stem

Winged aphids may indicate migration

Record the number of leaves with

aphids present, then mark the area(distribution is highly clumped)

ET = 50% leaves have aphid

Watch for presence of ants that feed onhoneydew

Watch for ladybeetles and lacewings


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Scouting for thripsMajor damage: TSWV (disease)

Mid-season damage: feeding in blossoms>>flower drop

Late season damage: egg-laying on fruits>>dimpling + whitish

spots

Scout throughout the season, search terminal leaflets and

buds. Carry 70% alcohol in vial or use beating technique.Resistant var. Amelia, BHN 640/602, Quincy, Taladega

Tobacco thripsWF thrips


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Scouting for flea beetles

Sample the seedling plants (6-

10 inch height)

Estimate the level of defoliation

Estimate the number of adultswith a sweep net and relate it to

foliar injury

ET = 5-10% foliar injury


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Scouting for CPB

Defoliation is less threatening on

mature plants

Beetle injury first on field margins

Scout the short crop intensely (6to 10 inch)

Estimate the number of CPB on

10 plants

ET = 5 beetles in short crop, 10%

defoliation


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Scouting for tomato fruitwormThis is a major pest. Mark the

location with flag & mark yourcalendars!

Use pheromone traps for monitoring

flight

ET = scout intensely for eggs/larvae if

7 adults per trap

Scout for larvae during fruit set.

ET = one larva per plant or one freshinjury per plant

Improve scouting technique with

experience


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Emerging problem: Stink bugs

Has many host plants

Early attack can destroy blooms

and late attack destroy fruits


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Scouting for stink bugs

Can you smell them in field?Try sweep netting to sample adults

mid-morning

Scout intensively when fruitformation begins: 10 plants per

location

ET: 0.25 stink bugs average per 10

plants during the green fruit stage

Much research on trap crops (alfalfa,

clover, sorghum)


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Leaf-footed

bugs

Related to stink bugs

Emerging problem in

many states: Lousiana,

Florida, California,

Alabama

Interesting

behavioral

issues

Trap crops

may work!


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Scouting for tomato hornworm

Leave these caterpillars alone!

Minor problem in commercial

production (foliar damage only)

Visual location, scout & hand-

pick when possible

There could be 34

generations per year, so late

season buildup should be

monitored


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INSECT PESTS of COLE CROPS


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Crucifer family of crops (list)

Cabbage Broccoli

Cauliflower

Mustard greens Brussels sprout

Kale

Collard

Turnip

Radish

Horseradish


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Cabbage looper vs.Imported cabbageworm

Cabbage looper (CL) Imported cabbageworm (ICW)


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Diamondback moth

Larvae balloon from plant to plant

Larva make shapeless holes, feeding in

aggregates

Cause head deformation


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Scouting for caterpillar pestsCabbage looper Imported cabbageworm

Look for larvae with 2-pairs

of prolegsLook for frass at the base

of head

Use pheromone traps to

monitor pop.

ET = 10 % defoliation

Look for white/yellow moths

early in the seasonCaterpillars camouflage with

leaf midrib

ET = 10% defoliation

Diamondback mothScout early in season

Pheromone traps

Ballooning caterpillars?

ET = 10% defoliation


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Beet armyworm

Damage to pepper plant

Early instars feedvoraciously

Are attracted to weak plants


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Damage more plants that they eat

(cause early & late season problem)

Dry weather is favorable

Cutworms


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Scout for egg masses and

caterpillars Use a sweep net to sample moths

around field edges

Use pheromone trap for monitoring

moth activity

ET = 2-3% plants with egg masses,

1 larvae per 20 plants, 10%

defoliated plants

Scouting for armyworm & cutworm

Armyworms


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Cabbage aphid

Natural Enemies


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CHOOSING THE RIGHT

INSECTICIDE(lets go shopping!)


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$9.76/pt

AI = horticultural oil


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$7.99 for 24-oz RTU

AI = pyrethrin + canola oil or sulfur + pyrethrin


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General

purpose

insecticide

AI = malathion

+ MANY OTHER INSECTS


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Not for use on vegetables

Good fire ant control in lawn

and turf

Long residue in soil

May be expensive

AI = bifenthrin


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Highly toxic to fish

AI = rotenone


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Common soil bacterium

Best against small caterpillars

Apply when caterpillars are

small

AI = Baci l lus thur ing iensiskurstaki

AI = Baci l lus th ur ingiensis israelensis


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Insecticidal soap

Not equal to your dish

detergent

OMRI approved

Do not apply in hotweather

Spray on a test area


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CHOOSING

ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY INSECTICIDES

(commercial veg. producers)


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Spinosyn-based

products Entrust is OMRI approved

Very expensive (Rs.6000.00)

per Kg but also very effective

Entrust @ 2oz/A highestprotection in Auburn trials

against whitefringed beetles

Works against many

lepidopterans

Spinetoram (2ndgen. spinosyn)

Excellent control of leps., thrips

Not for organic farming


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Pyrethrin

Natural extract ofchrysanthemum flowers

OMRI approved

PyGanic for organic

producers

Pyrethrin + PBO

formulations are not organic

Pyrethrin + Rotenone not fororganic markets

OMRI li t d


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OMRI listedAI = pyrethrin +rotenone


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Natural insect growth disruptor Effective against soft-bodied

insects

Azadirachtin


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Does not contain azadirachtin

70% neem oil

Physical irritant

E.g., Monterey 70% (small

gardens), Trilogy 70% (large

packaging)

Neem Oil


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Fungal microbial insecticides

Beauveria bass iana strain GHA


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soft-bodied insects such as

whiteflies, thrips, aphids,

psyllids, mealybugs, scarab

beetles, plant bugs, loopers and

weevils.

Higher spore concentration than

BotaniGard, 1 liter/A

Beauveria bass iana strain GHA

Fungal microbial insecticides

Formulations by Certis USA


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Formulations by Certis USA

Virus (occlusion bodies)

Very host specific Heliothis spp., corn earworm, cotton bollworm,

tomato fruitworm, tobacco budworm

Bt aizawai

TRILOGY: NEEM OIL PRODUCT

Bio based controls: are they


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Bio-based controls: are they

cost effective?

Bio based controls: are they


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Bio-based controls: are they

cost effective?

Synthetic insecticides (old)


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Synthetic insecticides (old)Conventional products MOA

Aphids, flea beetles, whitefly

Stink bugs

Dimethoate, acetamiprid (Assail),

imidacloprid (Admire Pro)

Bifenthrin & many pyrethroids

Pyrethroid -

neonicotinoid(Nicotinicacetylcholine receptoragonists, sodiumchannel modulators)

Caterpillars (looper, tomatofruitworm, pinworm)

BifenthrinBeta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid)Lambda-cyhalo. (Warrior)Zeta-cyper. (Mustang Maxx)Esfenvalerate (Asana)Fenpropathrin (Danitol)

Sodium channelmodulators

Synthetic insecticides (new)


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New chemistries MOA

Aphids, flea beetles,

whitefly

Stink bugs

Flonicamid (Beleaf)

Pymetrozine (Fulfill)

Spirotetramat (Movento)Spiromesifen (Oberon)

Feeding inhibitors

Acetyl CoA caboxylaseinhibitor

Caterpillars (looper,tomato fruitworm,pinworm)

Thrips

Emamectin benzoate(Proclaim)

Flubendiamide (Synapse),Rynaxypyr (Coragen)

Indoxacarb (Avaunt)

Methoxyfenozide (Intrepid)

Spinetoram (Radiant)

Chloride channel activators

Ryanodine receptormodulators

Sodium channel blockers

Ecdysone receptor agonist

Spinosyn (nicotinic receptors)

Synthetic insecticides (new)


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE

Please fill up and return the anonymoussurveys that will be used to improve future

workshops. Thank you again!

QUESTIONS?

Garden Skb VEGETABLE INSECT PESTS Scouting Techniques & Management (2)

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Transcript of Garden Skb VEGETABLE INSECT PESTS Scouting Techniques & Management (2)