gardabnis RvTismSoblis Sobis...

gardabnis RvTismSoblis

Sobis eklesia

gGamomcemloba kavkasia

Tbilisi

© gamomcemloba `kavkasia~, 2016ISBN 978-9941-9463-3-2

damkabadonebeli

vladimer peraniZe

garekanis dizaineri

ilia xelaia

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am cisqveSeTSi yve-lafers Tavisi dro-Jami aqvs da yvelaferi RvTis gangebulebiT aResrule-ba. gardabnis yovladwmi-da RvTismSoblis Sobis ek le siis mSeneblobis is-to riis Seswavlisa da mo-nografiis daweris pativi ramdenime wlis winaT mxvda. albaT, ase iyo RvTis neba, radgan monografiis dabeWdva da gamocema ramdenjerme gadaido. es imiTac aix-sneba, rom jer ar damdgariyo misi gamoqvey-nebis dro.

taZris kurTxevidan or aTeul welze meti gavida da am wlebma kidev metad TvalsaCino gaxada qalbaton mayvala kikabiZis, am taZris agebis ideis avtoris Rvawli. aseve gamoikve-Ta Sroma, Tavdadeba da ruduneba im adamiane-bisa, romlebic uSualod iyvnen am sakaTedro taZris aRmSenebel-damamSvenebelni. monogra-fiaSi aseve pativiT aris warmodgenili im sa-

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suliero Tu saero pirTa Rvawli, romlebmac didi sulieri, moraluri da fizikuri muSa-koba gaswies `meoce saukunis sveticxovlis~ asagebad.

dedaRvTismSoblis Sobis dResaswauli IV saukuneSi dadginda da pirveli taZari mis saxelze mociqulTasworma elenem aRmarTa.

saqarTveloSi yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Sobisa da miZinebis saxelze asze meti taZa-ria aSenebuli. faqtia isic, rom 200 weli sa-qarTveloSi eklesiaTmSenebloba Sewyvetili iyo. aseTi didi intervalis Semdeg, gardabnis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Sobis taZris mSe-nebloba daiwyo da maleve daesrula. swored samonastro mSeneblobis aRdgenisa da ganax-lebis madli aqvs am taZars.

yovladwmida RvTismSobelma Seuwiros Ti-Toeul mSenebels Rvawli, dalocos da gaaZ-lieros am monografiis gasrulebisaTvis dRe-niadag mzrunveli da mecenati batoni guram fircxalaiSvili.

dedaRvTismSobelma dalocos am naSromis wamkiTxvelni!

Tamarela woworia

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori

2016 wlis – marti (mirkani).

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gza taZrisaken

rusTavidan gardabnisken mimaval gzatke-cils rom daadgebi, am sasiamovno xeivnis SuaSi, yvelaze SemaRlebul da TvalsaCino adgilas, uecrad aRimarTeba taZris gumbaTi da rac ufro uaxlovdebi am istoriul qa-laqs, miT ufro srulyofilad warmogvidgeba RvTis mSoblis Sobis saxelobis eklesia.

am ZirZvel qarTul miwaze rogorc ki Se-moabijeb, guli sixaruliT ivseba da saqarT-velos ukeTesi momavlis imedic ar gtovebs, radgan sadac rwmenaa, iq eklesia Sendeba da ufali sufevs.

yovel gardabnels eamayeba taZari, romelic uwmidesma da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTve-los kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II 1992 wlis 4 oqtombers gaxsna da `meoce saukunis sve-ticxovlad~ akurTxa. saqarTvelos eklesiis mSeneblobis istoriaSi ori saukunis Semdeg, gardabanSi aSenda yovladwmida RvTismSob lis Sobis saeklesio kompleqsi.

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4 oqtomberi. SabaTi. taZarma kari gauxsna mravalricxovan mrevls. wirva uwmidesma da unetaresma aRavlina da mrevli ase daloca:

`gansakuTrebulad icavs saqarTvelos yo-vladwmida RvTismSobeli deda, romlis sa-xelze aSenda es didebuli taZari. yovladwmi-da RvTismSobeli aris mfarveli saqarTvelosi da saqarTvelo aris wilxvedri yovladwmida RvTismSoblisa.

me minda dRes gansakuTrebiT davloco, SevTxovo ufals, rom ufalma dalocos yvela adamiani, romelic aSenebda am wmida taZars~.

kaTolikos-patriarqma eklesiis mSeneblo-baSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis bibliiTa da majis oqros saaTiT daajildova qalbatoni mayvala kikabiZe da taZris sxva aRmSenebelni. QSemdeg Caatara naTloba da jvriswera. gaxsnis dRes patriarqis dalocvas ase igonebs qalbatoni mayvala: `uwmidesma Zalian damafasa da saxso-vrad bibliis axali redaqcia da majis oqros saaTi gadmomca. aseve misurva, rom gamegrZe-lebina eklesiebis mSenebloba, radgan madli Sengan modis da me vici, Sen kidev aaSeneb eklesiaso~.

zeimma taZris ezoSi gadainacvla. patriar-qis Semdeg aq Sekrebil momlocvelebs es mniS-

gardabnis mfarveli RvTismSobeli

taZris kurTxevis dRe. 04.10.1992


taZris kurTxevis dRe. patriarqi bibliiT ajildovebs

xuta mamalaZes. 04.10.1992

mama gabrieli, gardabanSi taZris kurTxevis dRes. 04.10.1992

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vnelovani movlena miuloces gardabnis raio-nis gamgeobis Tavmjdomarem nugzar (xuta) mamalaZem, saxalxo artistebma: guram saRa-raZem, gogi gegeWkorma, zinaida kverenCxila-Zem, gogi xarabaZem da sxvebma. maT madliere-biT moixsenies is adamianebi, vinc aaSena da daamSvena es SesaniSnavi taZari. aRniSnes, rom amieridan gardabnel RvTismosavebs sakuTar qalaqSi eqnebodaT rwmenis, sulis aRzevebisa da ganwmendis taZari.

taZris gaxsnis dResaswaulze CamobrZanebu-li iyvnen sinodis wevrebi: meufe iobi (aqiaS-vili), meufe daviTi alaverdeli (maxaraZe), meufe kalistrate (margalitaSvili), meufe Tadeozi (ioramaSvili) da meufe aTanase (Cax-vaSvili).

taZris gaxsnas eswreboda mama gabrieli (urgebaZe). ukeT rom eloca, eklesia-monas-trebi mSiers fexiT hqonda Semovlili. Tavis da sxvis codvebs xSirad dastiroda, magram aba vin warmoidgenda, rom adamians, rome-lic 12 wlidan Tayvans scemda ufals, raime mZime codva hqonda. igi simdablis saocari magaliTi iyo, magram salosobda da am didi madlisa da sulieri niWis dasafarad xan-daxan ucnauradac iqceoda. gansakuTrebiT

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SeuZlod xdeboda xolme, roca saqarTvelos raime didi gansacdeli moeloda. uZlurebaSi Cavardeboda xolme, es gansacdelebi masze pirdapir moqmedebda. gabriel beris Segone-bani da qadagebani moyvasisadmi Tavdadebasa da TviTSewirvas aswavlida adamianebs. igi didad afasebda TanagrZnobis unar-Tvisebas. mas Tavad SeeZlo sakuTar Tavze etvirTa sxvisi tkivili, magram Tuki sxvaSic SeamCnevda am unars, usazRvrod madlieri iyo. gabriel beri sulis xsnisaTvis gaRebul samonastro Semowirulobas didi siyvaruliT iRebda. ta-Zris kurTxevis dResac mama gabrieli alalad daasaCuqres, Tumca qalbatoni mayvala ixse-nebs: `ara mxolod SesawiraviT ganizomeboda gabriel berisaTvis uflis mimarT Tavdade-ba, aramed yoveli adamianis mudamJams TviT-SewirvisaTvis mzaobiT~.

saeklesio RvTismsaxureba gabriel bers ufalTan damakavSirebel erTaderT gzad da saSualebad miaCnda da mrevls mudam mouwo-debda eklesiurni gamxdariyvnen. uyvarda bavSvebTan urTierToba da maT qristes siyva-ruls STaagonebda. mama gabrieli taZris gax-snaze mosul qristianebs locavda, arigebda, aswavlida da moZRvravda.

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istoriuli bedukuRmarTobis gamo, `ama soflisa ZlierTa~ mier Svidi aTeuli wlis manZilze uaryofilma ufalma kvlav Tavisi mfarvelobis qveS daabruna mrevli, viTarca mamam Ze SecTomili. 200 wlis Semdeg, Tbilis-Tan axlos, gardabanSi, istoriul xunanSi pir-velad axmianda saeklesio zari.

gardabani – Zveli qarTlis samefos samxreT-aRmosavleTis ganapira provincia, saerisTavo, centri xunani.

cnobilia, rom xunani Zveli qarTlis same-fos samxreT-dasavleT nawilis centri iyo. arabuli wyaroebis mixedviT, meore centri iyo jardamani (gviandeli yizyala), romelic mdinareebis qcia-xramis SesarTavTan unda yo-filiyo. Sua saukuneebsa da momdevno period-Si gardabnis provincia moicavda dRevandeli azerbaijanis samxreT-dasavleTi mxaris, mdi-nareebis – ZegamCais, TouzCais, aRstafaCais auzebs da saqarTvelos mdinareebis qciis, xra-misa da algeTis ukidures qvemo wels.

qarTuli istoriografiis mixedviT, Zveli welTaRricxvis me-3 saukuneSi ukve arsebobda xunanis saerisTavo. mexuTe saukuneSi qarT-velTa saTayvanebelma mefem, vaxtang gorga-salma, iq saepiskoposo kaTedra daaarsa.

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IX-XII saukuneebSi, roca saqarTvelo aRma-vlobis gzaze idga, xunani gagis saerisTavoSi Sedioda. XIII saukuneSi monRolTa barbaro-sulma Semosevebma iavarqmnes es uZvelesi is-toriuli centri da amieridan xunani wyaroeb-Si aRar moixsenieboda.

qarTlis es nawili, istoriuli gardaba-ni, Tavisi gaSlili, Tvaluwvdeneli velebiT, yovelTvis gamoirCeoda ganviTarebuli meur-neobiT. cnobilia, rom vaxtang VI-is brZane-biT, aq gauyvaniaT im droisaTvis srulyofili sarwyavi sistema. droTa ganmavlobaSi ki igi moSlila da SemdegSi kvlav aRudgeniaT.

saeklesio wyaroebis mixedviT, gardabani 1917 wlamde Tbilisis mazraSi Sedioda. 1938 wels ki dedaqalaqs gamoeyo yaraias raionis saxelwodebiT. 1947 wlidan kvlav gardabnad moixsenieboda. qalaqi mdebareobs Tbilisidan 39 km-ze, gardabnis vakeze, Tbilisi-baqos rki-nigzis xazze, qalaqad iwodeba 1969 wlidan. hava mSralia, subtropikuli. haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura 12.90C, ianvarSi 0.30C, ivlisSi 25.30C, naleqebi 422 mm weliwadSi. qala-qis Semogareni irwyveba gardabnis arxiT. aqvea Tbilisis raionuli, amierkavkasiaSi udidesi Tboeleqtrosadguri da yvela is sasicocxlo

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mniSvnelobis obieqti, romelic aucilebelia qalaqis arsebobisaTvis.

rogorc yvela qarTvels, odiTganve aTasg-vari safiqrali da sazrunavi hqonda gardabnel kacsac. Aam teritorias ramdenjer dahpatrone-bia ucxotomeli da gauyvia misi Ralian-bara-qiani miwa. sul axlo warsulSic ki itacebdnen RvTismSoblis wilxvedr wmida adgils, magram Seicvala droeba, Seicvala viTareba, gamoCnda patroni.

qalaq gardabanSi amJamad 17720 mcxovrebia, aqedan qarTvelia 6004. amas emateboda axlo-maxlo da Soreuli soflebis sxvadasxva erov-nebis qristianuli mosaxleobis: somexis, ber -Znis, rusis swrafva sarwmunoebisaken da dRis wesrigSi kvlav dadga eklesiis aSenebis saki-Txi im qalaqSi, sadac odesRac duRda qristia-nuli cxovreba.

gardabnis raionis Tavkacebma oTar boke-riam, guram fircxalaiSvilma, nugzar mamala-Zem, revaz onianma, cezar mosiZem da sxvebma Zalisxmeva ar daiSures, rom aqaur marTlma-didebel morwmuneTa survili aesrulebinaT. yvelaze meti mainc adgilobrivma sameurneo muSakma, gardabnis raikoopvaWrobis direq-torma mayvala kikabiZem `ioma~, rom ityvian,

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`rkinis qalamnebi~ Caicva da sxvadasxva ins-tanciebSi iara, rom taZris aSenebis nebarTva gamoeTxova.

am gadmosaxedidanac iolad namdvilad ar moCans warsuli, magram mSeneblobas ufro me-tad mZime da rTuli istoria aqvs, – igonebs qalbatoni mayvala. am eklesiis mSeneblobas 1990 wels Caeyara safuZveli. mSeneblobis sakiTxis gadawyvetas ki TiTqmis aTi weli dasWirda. 1982 wlidan mama sograti da mama elizbari sistematurad dagvyavda gardabanSi saxlis sakurTxeblad da xelisuflebisgan malulad vnaTlavdiT asirielebs, somxebsa da qarTvelebs.

Sors wagviyvanda im uZilo Rameebze, calkeul warmatebul Tu warumatebel epizo-debze saubari, rac ukan moitoves am saSviliS-vilo saqmis iniciatorebma. mayvala kikabiZis ojaxis moRvaweoba magaliTia qristesadmi Ta-vdadebuli siyvarulisa, es is ojaxia, romel-sac gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZRvis am dide-buli taZris aSenebasa da movla-patronobaSi.

`Cems sakuTar cxovrebas nu aRwer, mxolod im madlis Sesaxeb dawere, romelic RvTis wya-lobiT momeniWa da gzas miCvenebda da mamt-kicebda keTil saqmeSi~, – gviyveba qalbatoni mayvala.

mayvala kikabiZe

marina ugulava da mayvala kikabiZe

nino ugulava

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qalbaton mayvalas RvTis Tayvaniscema da siyvaruli dedam STaunerga. samxreT saqarT-velos ulamazes raionSi, adigenSi dabadebul gogonas es siyvaruli da rwmena urwmunoe-bis periodSic ar ganelebia, roca pirjvaris gadawera da eklesiaSi siaruli ikrZaleboda, roca religiuri literaturis kiTxva mkrexe-lobad iTvleboda.

axsovs, jer kidev patara gogona iyo, Zilis win daiCoqebda da RmerTs saqarTvelos erTia-nobas, mSvidobasa da bednierebas SesTxovda. gagonili hqonda meore msoflio omis saSi-nelebani, im wlebma xom aTasobiTi qarTveli vaJkacis sicocxle Seiwira. mere ki, ufros-klaselma bevri ram waikiTxa – saukuneTa gan-mavlobaSi rogor spobdnen, anadgurebdnen da miwasTan asworebdnen saqarTvelos, magram rogor gauZlo yovelgvar gansacdels da qar-Tveli eri `dadga erad sxva erTa Soris~.

skolis damTavrebis Semdeg didxans ar ufiqria da man adigenSi kooperaciaSi buRal-trad daiwyo muSaoba. mondomebiT cdilobda jerovnad Cawvdomoda buRalteriis `saidu-mloebebs~. amasobaSi siyvarulic ewvia da Ta-visi bedi revaz ugulavas daukavSira.

1965 wels axalgazrda ojaxi gardabanSi dasaxlda. mTagorian adigenTan SedarebiT

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eucxova qvemo qarTlis Tvaluwvdeneli vake, mkacri zafxuli, mosaxleobis siWrelec, sadac qarTvelebs sagrZnoblad sWarbobdnen araqar-Tvelebi. Tumca maleve darwmunda, rom sxva-dasxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebi aq megobru-lad cxovrobdnen.

gardabanSi Kkvlav kooperacias miaSura da ri-giT buRaltrad daiwyo muSaoba. misi mondomeba da saqmisadmi siyvaruli SeumCneveli ar darCe-nia kooperaciis gamocdil muSaks, axalgazrdo-bis saimedo megobarsa da moimedes, baton da-viT lekiSvils. man Zalisxmeva ar daiSura, rom mzardi kadrisaTvis gza gaexsna. koopvaWrobaSi muSaobis meTxuTmete wels mayvala kikabiZes raionis koopvaWrobis ufrosoba Caabares. 1991 wels ki cekavSiris firma `xvavis~ gaerTiane-bis direqtoris Tanamdebobaze daniSnes. misi saqmianobis dasaxasiaTeblad arc cifrebs mo-viSveliebT da arc statistikas gavedevnebiT. erTi ram cxadi iyo, am energiuli qalbatonis Tavdauzogavi muSaobiT koopvaWrobis sistemam arnaxul warmatebebs miaRwia.

sameurneo saqmianobis warmatebulad mar-TvasTan erTad, qalbaton mayvalas awuxebda fiqri imaze, rom Tbilis qalaqidan sul raRac ormociode kilometrSi, Zveli ariSis cixemde

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gadaWimul teritoriaze, qarTvelTa sisxliT gaJRenTil miwaze, erTi salocavic ar idga maTi sulebis mosaxseneblad.

ariSi (riSyala) gaxlavT rusTavis cixe-qala-qis istoriuli saxelwodeba. XX saukuneSi rus-Tavis cixis teritoriaze ZiriTadad araqarT-veli mosaxleoba cxovrobda da cixes riSyalad moixseniebdnen. riSa qarTuli rusTavis damaxin-jebuli variantia. XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi cixes kidev erTi istoriulad gaumarTlebeli saxeli daumkvidrda – ariSis cixe. es saxelwo-deba ukavSirdeba am cixis hereTis didebule-bis – ariSianebis sagvareulo cixed miCnevis mosazrebas, rac uaryves imdroindelma istori-kosebma. mecnierebi miiCneven, rom rusTavi yo-velTvis kaxeT-kuxeTis ganuyofeli nawili iyo da arasodes Sedioda hereTis SemadgenlobaSi. yvela istoriul wyaroSi cixe moxseniebulia rogorc rusTavis cixe-qalaqi an rusTavis cixe.

marTalia, qalbatoni mayvala TbilisSi da-dioda salocavad, magram wuxda, rom am ZirZve-li miwis qristiani mosaxleoba moklebuli iyo sulieri simSvidis savanes. gardabanSi ki co-tani rodi iyvnen qristesmieri debi da Zmebi, romelTac survili hqondaT sakuTar qalaqSi hqonodaT taZari. TbilisSi qalbatoni mayva-

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las sulieri moZRvari iyo mama sograti, misi Svilebisa ki – mama elizbari.

wirva-locvas eswreboda aseve samebaSi, di-dubeSi, sveticxovelSi, mTasa Tu barSi Tayva-ns scemda RmerTs, swiravda Sesawiravs, exmare-boda Rarib-upovarT.

`didebasa uflisasa eZiebda~ da amitomac iyo, rom qalbaton mayvalas gauCnda idea gar-dabanSi eklesia aSenebuliyo. mezoblebi sagan gaigo, rom asirielebis ubanSi iyo wmida mama abraamis patara samlocvelo. moiloca is ad-gili, Seswira xatebi da samlocvelosaTvis aucilebeli nivTebi. aqve Seityo, rom garda-banSi arsebobda mariam RvTismSoblis eklesia, bevri eZebes arqivebSic, magram am eklesiis istoriul aAdgils ver miagnes.

gardabanSi eklesiis aSenebis Taobaze Ta-visi didi xnis nafiqrali qalbatonma mayva-lam Tavis mrCevelsa da sando adamians, daviT lekiSvils gaumxila da Tadarigsac Seudgnen.

1982 wels Tbilisidan saxlis sakurTxeblad Camosulma mama sogratma mayvalas iniciativis Sesaxeb rom gaigo, daloca igi da damoZRvra: axla taZris aSenebisTvis rTuli droa da amas mxolod RvTis SewevniT Tu SeZlebTo!

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cekavSiris TanamSromlis, gedevan gogniaS-vilis SewevniT gaicno uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia meore, romelsac moewona taZris mSene-blobis idea, akurTxa da bevri sasargeblo rCevac misca qalbaton mayvalas.

Seudgnen saorganizacio sakiTxebis mog-varebas, Seiqmna gardabnis marTlmadidebel qristian morwmuneTa religiuri gaerTianeba oci kacis odenobiT, romelic damtkicda sa-qarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis 1987 wlis 16 martis #558-IX brZanebulebiT. am brZanebulebis safuZvelze morwmuneebs gadae-caT abraamis samlocvelo saxli.

asirielebis ubanSi, wmida abraamis samlo-cveloSi xSirad Camodiodnen qaSveTis wmida giorgis eklesiis moZRvrebi – mama RvTiso (SalikaSvili) da mama elizbari (odiSvili), me-texis eklesiis moZRvari mama rafieli (xaWapu-riZe) da atarebdnen wirvasa da naTlobas. didi Zala da madli mieca wmida abraamis samlocve-los. aqaurobas gaumravlda mrevli, sul male ki jvari aRimarTa samlocvelo gumbaTze. wmida salocavs locva-kurTxevas ar aklebda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskoposi, mitropoliti konstantine (me-liqiZe), romelmac 1987 wels religiis saqmeTa

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sabWos eklesiis mSeneblobis Suamdgomlobis motiviT werili miswera.

1989 wlis 19 oqtombers, ssrk ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli religiis saqmeTa sabWos mier, registrirebul iqna marTlmadidebel morwmuneTa religiuri gaerTianeba gardaban-Si, gamarjvebis quCaze mdebare samlocvelo saxlSi.

gardabanSi mcxovreb qristianebs didi sur-vili hqondaT maT qalaqSi taZari aSenebuliyo da wirva-locva Catarebuliyo. im aTeistur periodSi, namdvilad RvTis neba iyo, rom didi winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, gadawyda taZris aSeneba, – ase igonebs mama sograti (WuluxaZe).

gardabnis aRmaskomis Tavmjdomaris maSin-deli pirveli moadgilis, baton guram fircxa-laiSvilis daxmarebiT, qalaqis SesasvlelSi saukeTeso adgili SeirCa. taZari amaRlebul borcvze, yoveli mxridan kargad gamosaCen adgilze unda aSenebuliyo.

1989 wlis 30 noembris oqmi #14 §9 safuZ-velze gardabnis saxalxo deputatTa sabWos aRmasrulebelma komitetma miiRo gadawyve-tileba RvTismSoblis eklesiis aRdgena-mSe-neblobisaTvis, wyalTa meurneobis sammarTve-los mimdebare ezos 0.15 heqtaris odenobiT

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gamoyofis Sesaxeb. amasTanave, neba daerTo gardabnis marTlmadidebel qristianTa reli-giur sazogadoebas SemowirulobebiT aRedgina RvTismSoblis eklesia da eklesiis proeqti SeeTanxmebina raionis mTavar arqiteqtorTan.

saqarTvelo uZvelesi droidan maRal-ganviTarebuli soflis meurneobis qveynad iTvleba. cnobilia, rom xelovnuri morwy-vis sistemiT imTaviTve sargeblobdnen Cven-Si. istoriuli da literaturuli wyaroebi adastureben, rom morwyvas didi mniSvnelo-ba hqonda jer kidev Cveni welTaRricxvis adreuli periodidan. amis Sesaxeb dRemde SemorCenili xelovnuri arxebis nagebobaTa Zeglebi metyveleben.

arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad dadas-turda, rom yaraiazis veli gviandeli brinjaos da adreuli rkinis xanaSi sakmaod mWidrod yo-fila dasaxlebuli. soflis meurneobis ganvi-Tareba TavisTavad migvaniSnebs irigaciis ar-sebobaze. am drois sarwyavi arxebi metismetad primitiulia da morwyva adgilobrivi wylis resursebiT xdeboda. Cveni welTaRricxvis IV saukuneSi, rusTav-yaraiazis sarwyavi arxebi, rogorc akademikosi niko berZeniSvili varau-dobs, Wandaris (jandaris) tbamde gaumarTavT.

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istoriuli werilobiTi wyaroebi `moqceva¡ qarTlisa¡~ da `qarTlis cxovreba~ rusTav-ya-raiazis arxis gayvanas iberiis mefe Trdats miaweren: `da mefeman ruisTavisa rui gamoiRo da eklesiisa safuZveli dadga~. analogiur ambavs gvauwyebs leonti mroveli: `xolo me-fobda ese Trdat moxucebuli keTilad, iyo kaci morwmune brZeni da gonieri... xolo man gamoiRo rusTavi da aRaSena eklesia~.

istorikosi levan WilaSvili qarTuli wya-roebis am cnobas Semdegnairad ganmartavs: mefe Trdats rusTav-yaraiazis arxi an ganuax-lebia, an masze damatebiTi samuSaoebi Cauta-rebia. misi azriT, termini `gamoiRo~ niSnavs ara aSenebas, aramed ganaxlebas.

aRniSnulze cnobebs gvawvdis vaxuSti bato-niSvili `vaxtang VI nagebidan gaiRo... ru mtk-vrisagan da mier JamiTgan nayofierebs Walebs qveiTi mindorni~. Tumca am arxs didxans ar uarsebia.

Semonaxuli cnobebis mixedviT, mravali ar-xi yofila gayvanili, maT Soris yaraiazis arxi, romelic wyals iRebda mdinare aragvidan, vidre sofel Woportamde. SemdegSi, gareSe mterTa Semosevisas, sarwyavi sistemebi ganad-gurebula da maTi nangrevebiRaa SemorCenili.

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XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi kvlav iwyeba sarwyavi arxebis aRdgena. swored am periods ekuTvnis gardabnis sarwyavi siste-mebi, romelic 1867 wels gadaeca saeqspluata-ciod da im droisaTvis amierkavkasiaSi pirveli da erTaderTi sainJinro sistema iyo.

amave periodSi qristianobis gamavrcele-beli sazogadoebis mier, sasuliero dawese-bulebaTa SemowirulobiT aSenda gardabnis sarwyavi sistemis meTauri nageboba, romel-sac xelmZRvanelobda RvTismosavi qalbatoni, vinme mariami Tevdores asuli, amitomac mTli-anad arxs `mariamis arxi~ ewoda.

Semdeg ki gardabnis arxis mSeneblobis teqnikur xelmZRvanelobad mowveulni iyv-nen ucxoeli inJinrebi – beli da gaba. 1862 wels, imperator aleqsandre II-is brZanebiT, qristianobis gamavrcelebelma sazogadoebam gardabnis veli saCuqrad miiRo. aRniSnul sa-zogadoebas ganzraxuli hqonda miwebis ga-sarwyaveba, magram es ver moxerxda da sarwyavi sistema gaiyida.

1881 wels xsenebuli sarwyavi sistema miwaT-mflobelTa sazogadoebam Seisyida da misi mo-vla-patronobis mizniT Seiqmna `samelioracio amxanagoba~. amxanagobis gauqmebis Semdeg misi

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pirveli betoni, taZris saZirkvelSi. 16.08.1990

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22

funqciebi wyalTa meurneobis sammarTvelos gadaeca.

respublikis melioraciisa da wyalTa meur-neobis sammarTvelos im periodSi batoni jim-Ser qajaia xelmZRvanelobda da bunebrivia, mSeneblobisaTvis SerCeuli adgilis gasaTa-visufleblad (maT balansze ricxuli Senobis dasangrevad) sammarTvelos kolegiis nebarTva iyo saWiro, rac umtkivneulod mogvarda.

simboluria, rom mariam Tevdores asulis saxelobis arxis siaxloves, RvTis nebiTa da qristianTa mondomebiT, wmida mariamis Sobis eklesia aRimarTa.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriar-qi, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II gardabanSi pirvelad 1990 wlis 14 Tebervals CamobrZanda, daaTvaliera SerCeuli adgili, Zalian moewona da mSeneblobisaTvis akurTxa.

morwmuneebs amasTanave urCia, am adgilze samTavisis eklesiis analogi aSenebuliyo.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II da mama RvTi-so (SalikaSvili) rodesac sionis sakaTedro taZridan gardabanSi CamobrZandnen, mgzavro-bisas isini bibliidan sxvadasxva kanonikuri adgilebis citirebas axdendnen. am saubri-sas gamoikveTa am RvTismetyveli adamianebis

23

ganswavluloba da sibrZnismetyveleba. gar-dabans rom miuaxlovdnen, uwmidesma da une-taresma Turme SemaRlebul adgils miaqcia yuradReba. es zustad taZris aSenebisaTvis SerCeuli adgili iyo. gaxarebulma patriarqma maSin brZana: `RvTismSobels ar eCqareba, es is simaRlea, sadac taZari aSendebao~.

kaTolikos-patriarqi gardabanSi meored 1990 wlis 16 agvistos, taZris saZirkvelis kurTxevasTan dakavSirebiT CamobrZanda.

uwmidesma da unetaresma mama RvTisosTan erTad akurTxa saZirkveli. maSinve daiwyo fiqri imaze, rom axladaSenebuli taZrisaTvis mrevli moemzadebinaT da qristianuli cod-na gaeziarebinaT maTTvis. droa, monaTluli xalxi gonieradac da sulieradac momzaddes taZarSi salocavado. amitom iTxova, jvari aRemarTaT im adgilas, sadac moZRvrebi iqa-dagebdnen. aSenebul taZarSi amieridan sulie-radac gaZlierebuli mrevli rom Sekrebiliyo. uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT, qalbatonma mayvalam sruliad gardabnis mo-saxleobasTan Sesaxvedrad da saqadageblad moiwvia meufe anania (jafariZe), mama RvTiso (SalikaSvili), meufe konstantine (meliqiZe) da meufe daviTi (Wkadua). didi iyo qalbaton may-

24

valas Sromac da wuxilic, dardic da cremlic am marTlac, axali sveticxovlis mSeneblobis periodSi, magram patriarqis locvas da mxar-daWeras grZnobda, rac gadam wyveti iyo, rom gamxnevebuliyo da RvTis Zala egrZno.

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi, Cveuli simSvidiTa da sibrZniT anugeSebda da arwmunebda, rom yvelaferi ke-Tilad dasruldeboda.

uSurveli saRvTo Rvawli keTilad srul-deba xolme. rodesac patriarqi taZris sa-kurTxeblad mesamed CamobrZanda, 1992 wlis 4 oqtombers, gzaSi taZris Sesaxeb Cveuli sidin-jiT saubrobdao, ixseneben. man xom mSeneblo-bis mimdinareobis yoveli wvrilmani uwyoda. aseve taZris TiToeuli qvis istoriac icoda da taZris mSenebeli muSebis vinaobac, radgan patriarqisaTvis mniSvnelovani iyo, Tu vin aSenebda saukunis taZars.

gardabnis Sesasvlelidan, rogorc ki taZris gumbaTi gamoCnda, patriarqi Turme bavSviviT gaocebula da aRfrTovanebula. didi sixaru-lis damalva arc maSin ucdia, roca axali saka-Tedro taZris zarebi sazeimod daagugunes.

taZris mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli yvela sakiTxi saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi wydeboda.

25

am didebuli Canafiqris gamo iq didi sja-baasi imarTeboda. gardabnelTa iniciativas Tumca iwonebdnen, magram Tavadac interesdebodnen, Tu ramdenad realuri iyo taZris aSenebis idea da roca wamowyebuli saq me saimedo xelSi daigules, maTi momavali saqmianoba daloces.

damtkicda kompleqsuri proeqti. masSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo qarTuli xuroTmoZR-vrebisa da eklesiaTmSeneblobis saukeTeso tradiciebi. yovladwmida RvTismSoblis So-bis taZars safuZvlad samTavisis eklesiis arqiteqturuli modeli udevs, moculoba ki garkveulwilad Semcirebulia.

eklesiis mSeneblobisTvis gaixsna angariSi, gakeTda eklesiis Stampi da beWedi. daiwyo zrunva damfinanseblebis mosazidad. am mizniT mimarTavdnen sxvadasxva organizaciebs, isini ki SeZlebisdagvarad Tanxas ricxavdnen taZris mSeneblobis angariSze.

eklesiis asaSenebeli adgilis SerCeva- gamoyofa-dakanonebaSi didad gaisarja aRmas-komis Tavmjdomaris pirveli moadgile, batoni guram fircxalaiSvili.

1989 wlis 9 aprilma sabolood gamoafxizla gardabneli qarTvelic. rogorc saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi, aqac ormoci dRe samSoblos

26

Tavisuflebas Sewirul adamianebs unTebdnen sanTlebs – sasufevlis damkvidrebis simbo-lod. maT suraTebTan mohqondaT cocxali yva-vilebis gvirgvinebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom qarT-veli xalxisadmi samZimris saTqmelad baqoeli axalgazrdebi Camovidnen da mixakebiT Seamkes glovis adgili. daRupulTa sulis mosaxse-nebel panaSvidebs atarebdnen qaSveTis wmida giorgis taZris moZRvari mama RvTiso da mama elizbari. yovel SabaTs, 4 saaTze, tardeboda naTlobebi, aRevlineboda paraklisebi, inTe-boda wmida sanTlebi macxovrisa da yovlad-wmida RvTismSoblis sadideblad, didmowame saswaulmoqmed giorgis asamaRleblad.

qristianul dResaswaulebs ar akldebod-nen RvTismosavi adamianebi da wmida salocavSi Semowirulobebi mohqondaT: nunu xaraiSvils, nino ugulavas, JuJuna CaxmaxiSvils, valia beliakovas, oTar kuzanaSvils, merab ugula-vas, giorgi imnaZes, JuJuna daviTaSvils, zaza xaraiSvils, ciuri margievs, vefxia kapanaZes, badri gigaurs da sxvebs.

eklesiis mSeneblobis saqmeSi qalbaton may-valas mxarSi amoudgnen TanamSromlebi: daviT lekiSvili, gedevan gogniaSvili, Tamaz buda-RaSvili, nana gigauri, meri xidaSeli da sxvebi.

27

da dadioda mxevali RvTisa, qalbatoni may-vala, rom saxsrebi gamoenaxa da eklesiis mSene-bloba ar gaWianurebuliyo. sasixaruloa, rom iyvnen adamianebi, romlebsac saqmisaTvis Tavi hqondaT gadadebuli, maTTvis ar arsebobda gadaulaxavi dabrkolebani. aqve vityviT, rom ZiriTadi Tanxebi cekavSiris maSindelma xel-mZRvanelobam (Tavmjdomare resan konceliZe) da gardabnis kooperatiuli vaWrobis fondma gadaricxa, Tanxebi gamoyo gardabnis raio-nis agrosamrewvelo gaerTianebis meurneo-baTa umravlesobam, prefeqturam (prefeqti revaz oniani), Tbilsresma (direqtori zurab mindeli) gardabnis qarTulma saSualo sko-lam (direqtori Tamaz qarselaZe), gardabnis akumulatoris sawarmoom (direqtori gogi kapanaZe), varkeTilis meurneobam (direqtori anzor axvlediani), rusTavis metalurgiulma qarxanam (direqtori guram qaSakaSvili), rus-Tavis adgilobrivma mmarTvelobam (Tavmjdo-mare Temur dalaqiSvili). rusTavis sawarmoo gaerTianeba `azotma~, SemdgomSi TandaTan gaizarda SemomwirvelTa ricxvi. soliduri Tanxebi gaiRes marneulis pur-produqtebis bazam, lilos sakonservo qarxanam (direqtori aleko TavarTqilaZe), samtrediisa da xonis

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prefeqturam (prefeqtebi zviad ZiZiguri da merab kuxalaSvili), kooperativma `ulevari~ (direqtori suliko furcelaZe), calkeulma morwmu neebma. Semowiruli Tanxebi grovdeboda gardabnis agrosamrewvelo bankSi (mmarTveli giorgi womikuriZe, ekonomisti lia wiklauri) gaxsnil angariSze.

RmerTi dalocavs yvelas, vinac siyvaru-li ar daaklo da sityviTa da saqmiT Seewia qristi anTa axali salocavis aRmarTvas Zir-Zvel miwaze.

maSin taZris aSenebisaTvis gaRebuli Ti-Toeuli maneTi Tu aguri, cementi Tu spilen-Zi TavisTavad sasixarulo iyo da qalbatoni mayvala da misi ojaxis wevrebi amis Sesaxeb acno bebdnen uwmidessa da unetaress. patriar-qi dinjad da yuradRebiT moismenda da izia-rebda maT sixaruls, Tumca ZirisZirobamde gamoikiTxavda yovel wvrilmans, yuradRebas aqcevda TiToeul detals. maSin ukvirdaT, mTavari xom taZris mSeneblobis dasrule-ba iyo; Tumca gavida dro da dRes cxadi da gasagebia, am taZrisadmi patriarqis interesi ratom iyo ase gansakuTrebuli. am sruliad unikalur adgilze aSenebuli taZari dasabams aZlevda axal epoqas, damoukidebel saqarTve-

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los qmnida. amitom arc isaa gasakviri, ratom uwoda am taZars patriarqma `meoce saukunis sveticxoveli~.

saeklesio kompleqsis proeqtis avto-ria arqiteqtori gogi sulaberiZe, gumbaTis proeqti ekuTvnis moqandake daviT WuraZes, dedaRvTismSoblis xatis eskizi Seqmna guram mRebriSvilma, kankelis xatebis eskizis avto-ria – gia xelaZe, kankeli mopirkeTda tufiT. sagangebod damzadda eklesiis zarebic, didi gemovnebiTaa Sesrulebuli WaRebis, brebisa da Sandlebis eskizebi, Sesasvleli karebi.

yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Sobis eklesia mopirkeTebulia bolnisis tufiT, Signidan ki qarTuli marmariloTi da bazaltiT, gadaxu-rulia Zvirfasi furclovani spilenZiT, ked-lebi Selesilia TabaSiriT. eklesiis sadar-bazo oTaxi 315 kvadratuli metria, 26 metri simaRlis TaRiTa da gumbaTiT, aseve gverdi-Taa aSenebuli 14 metris simaRlis samreklo.

saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebis kanonis Sesa-bamisad, eklesiis kedlebi ori wlis Semdeg moixata, romelic daafinansa gardabnis ru-beroidis qarxanam (direqtori nikoloz maR-lakeliZe), mas SeZlebisdagvarad exmarebod-nen sxvebic. eklesia moxata xatmwerma merab

30

CakvetaZem, daviT xidaSelma, maT exmareboda giorgi anTaZe. maT mieraa moxatuli wmida vax-tang gorgaslis saxelobis eklesia rusTavSi, Sobis eklesia TbilisSi. `CemTvis xatwera axa-li samyaros aRmoCenas hgavs, – ambobs batoni merabi, – eklesiebSi freskebis xatva udides sulier simSvides maniWebs. freska, Cemi azriT, aris RvTis sityva, gadmocemuli ferebsa da saxeebSi~. samreklo moxates merab tatiSvilma da giorgi xelaZem. 21 seqtembers, taZris dRe-saswaulze, akurTxes moxatuli gumbaTi da ta-Zris kedlebi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom uwmidesma da unetares-ma yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Sobis taZari monastrad akurTxa da pirvel winamZRvrad dadginda mama ilarioni, romlis Semdeg moR-vaweobda mama antoni, morCili mama barTlome da sxva moZRvrebi.

1994 wlidan taZarSi wirva-locvas aRavlens mama zurabi (xaCiZe). igi afxazeTidanaa. Tavi-dan gudauTaSi msaxurobda, Semdeg aguZeraSi, mere kvlav gudauTaSi dabrunda. afxazi mo-ZRvris daxmarebiT samSvidobos gamoaRwia da madlobas swiravs ufals, rom gardabnis Rv-TismSoblis Sobis eklesiaSi aRavlens uflis sadidebels.

31

2015 wlis ianvridan gardabnisa da martyo-fis eparqiis episkoposia meufe ioane (Somaxia).

sayovelTao zeimi iyo 1990 wlis 1 aprili – jvris gadmobrZaneba sionis taZridan garda-banSi. kvira diliT, sruliad saqarTvelos ka-Tolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II wirvis dawyebamde iqadaga, akurTxa jva-ri, aseve macxovrisa da wmida giorgis xatebi, romelic eklesias Seswires marine, nino da merab ugulavebma.

jvrisa da xatebis wamosabrZaneblad sionSi Camovida gardabnis mosaxleoba. orTaWala-mde jvari fexiT CamoabrZanes, orTaWali-dan gardabnis Semosasvlelamde manqaniT, Semosasvle lidan eklesiaSi fexiT SeabrZanes da im ad gilze aRmarTes, sadac eklesia unda aSenebu liyo.

jvari gamoaqandaka niko meliqiZem. igi dam-zadebulia makagonis xisagan, ornamentire-bulia da 90 kg-s iwonis. zarebi Camosxmulia saguramoSi.

jvris mobrZanebisas am adgilze wirva Caa-tara qaSveTis moZRvarma mama RvTiso (Sali-kaSvilma). jvris CamobrZaneba gardabnelebs miuloca raikomis pirvelma mdivanma batonma oTar bokeriam.

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mayvala kikabiZis ojaxma eklesias Seswira 3 zari (erTi dedo zari, 2 saSualo), aseve xis jvari, xatebi, Sandlebi. uflisa da sarwmunoe-bisadmi siyvaruli aZlierebs qalbaton mayva-las ojaxs. RmerTia maTi Semwe da mfarveli.

eklesiis mSeneblobisas kanonikuri wese-bis dacvas Tvalyurs adevnebda patriar-qis qorepiskoposi, mitropoliti konstan-tine (meliqiZe). swored man akurTxa gumbaTis spilenZis jvari da gadaixada RvTismSoblis paraklisi. jvris kurTxeva daemTxva mSeneblo-bis dawyebidan or wlisTavs da jvris Tayva-niscemis kviras.

saqarTvelos televiziisadmi micemul in-terviuSi meufe konstantine brZanebda: `gum-baTze aRmarTuli jvari qristes uZlevelo-baze metyvelebs. jvari niSansvetia uflis saxlisa. kacobriobisTvis jvarze gakrulma macxovarma jvriT daamarcxa sikvdili da aRd-ga, rogorc maradiuli meufe yovelTa xilul-Ta da uxilavTa.

jvris ZaliT ganasxams qristiani eSmakTa, jvris Zalis rwmeniT xdeba axali anu sulieri dabadeba morwmunisa. jvris Zalam daifaros es taZari, es mxare da sruliad saqarTvelo~.

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qalbaton mayvalas yvelaze ukeT mainc meufe konstantinesadmi miwerili werili axa-siaTebs:

`bavSvobidan RvTis moyvaruli viyavi, rwme-niT aRvzarde Svilebic. ufrosi qaliSvili marine ugulava RvTismetyvelebas aswavlis gardabnis qarTul skolaSi. misi moswavleebi gulisyuriT ecnobian biblias, wirva-locvisa da religiuri dResaswaulebis arss, romelic 70 weliwadi ikrZaleboda. umcrosma gogonam, ninom, xucuris codnaSi majoba. axalgaxsnil eklesiaSi medaviTnea da ase mexmareba. 1983 wels gardabanSi eklesiis asaSeneblad Semweo-ba vTxove saqarTvelos sapatriarqos, magram es maSin SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. guli mainc ar gamitexavs, samsaxurSi Seviwroebas da aTas sxva winaaRmdegobas ar davuRlivar, maxsovs patriarqis darigebebi da rCevebi, rogor gvamzadebda taZris mSeneblobisaTvis da Sem-deg mrevls rogor amzadebda axalaSenebul taZarSi wirva-locvisaTvis. mxneobas mmatebda da mamSvidebda Tqveni saubrebi da rCevebi meufeo.

1989 wels SeviZineT samlocvelo saxli, gavxseniT angariSi, sadac Zalian bevrma orga-nizaciam gadmogviricxa garkveuli Tanxa. gan-

34

sakuTrebiT amogvidga mxarSi aRmaskomis Ta-vmjdomaris pirveli moadgile, batoni guram fircxalaiSvili~.

2002 wels, roca qalbatonma mayvalam zesta-fonSi moinaxula meufe konstantine, igi ukve uZlurebaSi iyo. mas Zalian gauxarda mayvalas naxva da moisurva werilobiT daeloca taZris mSenebelni da sruliad saqarTvelo:

`1987 wels, CemTan TxovniT movida gardab-neli RvTismosavi qalbatoni mayvala kikabiZe, raTa aRgveZra Suamdgomloba religiis saqme-Ta rwmunebulTan RvTismSoblis eklesiis aSe-nebis Sesaxeb.

moTxovna morwmuneTa xelmoweriT gagza-vnil iqna moskovSi, saidanac, 1989 wels movida dadebiTi pasuxi.

1990 wels pirve-l a d m o v i n a x u l e taZ ris mSeneblobi-saTvis gankuTvnili adgili da vilo-ceT. Semdeg xSirad Cavdiodi da Tvaly-urs vadevnebdi mSe-neblobis mimdina-meufe konstantine

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reobas. mama sogratTan erTad vixdidiT parakliss. mSeneblobis momentSi vakurTxe eklesiis gumbaTze dadgmuli jvari.

amJamad, qalbaton mayvalas iniciativiT, gardabnis raionis sofel vaxtangisSi Sendeba wmida nikolozis eklesia, romelic vakurTxe 1993 wels.

RmerTma dalocos taZris mSenebelni, RmerTma dalocos sruliad saqarTvelo~.

yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Sobis eklesi-is mSeneblobaSi gardabnis aRmaskomis Ta-vmjdomaris pirveli moadgilis, baton guram fircxalaiSvilis iniciativiT mSeneblobis dawyebis dRidan iRvwodnen `saqsoflmSeni~ da misi mesveuri demur kovziriZe, #1 trestis mmarTveli Temur Carkviani, 37-e moZrav-me-qanizebuli kolona (ufrosi iuri Wolokava), samuSaoebis mwarmoebeli giorgi koberiZe da rigiTi mSeneblebi. mSeneblebs aRafrTovaneb-daT es keTilSobiluri misia – saqarTvelos uZveles miwaze maT mier aSenebuli taZari, romelic saukuneebis manZilze iqneboda sulis saoxi. mSeneblobaze erTmaneTis gverdiT idg-

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nen inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi, sxvadasx-va erovnebis morwmuneni: berZnebi, somxebi, asirielebi, azerbaijanlebi, romlebic enTu-ziazmiT Sromobdnen da TavianTi mokrZale-buli wvlili SehqondaT taZris mSeneblobis saqmeSi. mSeneblebs sulierad amxnevebdnen da konsultaciebiT Se ewe odnen meufe anania (jafariZe), meufe daviTi (maxaraZe), mama besa-rioni (menabde) da arqiteqtori arCil min-diaSvili.

yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Sobis taZris naxva aRafrTovanebdaT sxvadasxva qveynis pa-triarqebs, belgiis, Sveicariisa da saberZ-neTis mitropolitebs, sazogado moRvaweebs. rodesac es taZari amerikaSi mcxovrebma qar-Tvelma, batonma givi zaldastaniSvilma moi-naxula, Tvalcremlianma aRniSna: `vnanob, rom interviu am taZris naxvamde miveci, radgan saqarTveloze sul sxvanairad visaubrebdio~.

mayvala kikabiZem yovladwmida RvTismSo-blis Sobis eklesiis dasrulebis Semdeg, Rv-Tis SewevniT, aaSena wmida nikolozis ekle-sia sazRvrispira sofel vaxtangisSi, romlis winamZRvaria mama neofite (urotaZe). am ekle-siis proeqtis avtoria revaz janaSia. eklesiis saZirkvels jvris forma aqvs, qalbatoni may-

37

valas organizatorobiTa da rwmenis erTguli kacebis TaosnobiT am eklesiis mSeneblobac dasrulda. am saqmeSi udidesi Rvawli miuZR-vis baton daviT nada Svils, imxanad gardabnis gamgebels.

`taZris mSeneblobis madls da sidiades mxolod ufali xedavs. madloba ufals, rom Rirsi gagvxada am taZris mSeneblobisa. RmerT-ma Seuwiros TiToeul monawilesa da Semomwir-vels~, – iloceba qalbatoni mayvala da ufals sTxovs, WeSmariti rwmeniT gagvaZlieros keTi-li saqmeebis sakeTeblad.

yovladwmida mariamis Sobis eklesiaSi yoveli dila RvTismSoblis kondakis kiTxviT iwyeba:

`ufrosad didebulo da maradis qalwulo de-

dao qristes RvTisao, Seswire locva Cveni Zesa

Sensa da RmerTsa Cvensa, raTa acxovnos sulni

Cvenni.

yoveli sasoeba Cemi Senzeda damiZs, dedao Rv-

Tisao, damifare me safarvelsa qveSe Sensa.

sasoeba Cemda mama, Sesavedrebelad Cemda Ze,

mfarvelad Cemda suliwmida, samebao wmidao, di-

deba Senda.

Rirs-ars WeSmaritad, raTa gadidebdeT, Sen

RvTismSobelo, romeli maradis sanatrel iqmen.

yovlad-ubiwod da dedad RvTisa Cvenisa. upa-

tiosnessa qerubinTasa, da aRmatebiT uzesTaessa

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serabinTasa, ganuxrwnelad mSobelsa sityvisa

RvTisasa, mxolosa RvTismSobelsa galobiT gadi-

debdeT.

gananaTlen Tvalni Cemni, qriste RmerTo, nu-

ukue daviZino da sikvdid, nu sada sTqvas mterman

Cemman: mre veyav mas.

dideba mamasa da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa.

Semwe sulisa Cemisa iqmen, qriste RmerTo,

rameTu Soris safrTxesa mravalsa vval, mixsen

maTgan da macxovne me, viTarca saxierman da vi-

Tarca kacTmoyvareman.

awda da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin.

yovlad didebulo dedao RvTisao da wmidaTa

angelozTa uwmideso, daudumebelad gadidebT

guliTa da piriTa, da RvTismSoblad aRgiarebT

Sen, rameTu WeSmaritad gviSev Cven RmerTi xor-

ciTa da meox xar maradis sulTa CvenTaTvis.~

eklesiis zaris yoveli Semokvra ki gvam-cnobs, rom yovladwmida RvTismSoblis So-bis sakaTedro eklesiam, romelic gardabanSi daesrula, didi roli unda Seasrulos qvey-nis aRorZinebis, eris gamTlianebisa da misi sulieri da moraluri ganwmendis saqmeSi.

guram fircxalaiSvili

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rwmenis adamianebi

`ukeTesni da udidesni moqmedni erisa... dauviwyarni unda iyvnen, Tu ers kidev eroba hsurs~

ilia marTali

religiuri msoflgancda msWvalavs nebis-mieri civilizacias da, cxadia, msoflioSi ar arsebobs kultura religiuri safuZvlebis gareSe. metic; esa Tu is religiuri aRmsare-bloba mniSvnelovnad apirobebs da sazRvravs TviT arareligiuri, an naklebadreligiuri civilizaciebis saxes. Tvalis gadavlebac cxa-dyofs, Tu romel religiaSi udgas fesvebi kulturisa da mecnierebis ama Tu im mimarTu-lebas, Tundac – ukiduresad aTeisturs. amis magaliTia e. w. sabWoTa kulturac, msofl-mxedvelobrivad igi materialisturi da mar-qsistuli iyo, magram mis zedapirzec ganir-Ceoda qristianuli nakadi muslimanurisagan, muslimanuri – budisturisagan da a. S. Cvens erovnul cnobierebas religiuri safuZvlebi gaaCnia. qarTuli kultura religiuri kul-turaa, anu qristianuli kulturaa. zogadi,

40

ufro sworad – erTbaSadi kultura ar arse-bobs. arsebobs ama Tu im eris, rasis mier Se-qmnili civilizacia, raRac niSniTa da speci-fikiT rom gamoirCeva sxva civilizaciisagan. qarTuli kultura ZiriTadad gulisxmobs qar-Tulenovan Semoqmedebas. es kultura iqmneba da yalibdeba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrio-bis wiaRSi. ukanaskneli farTo cnebaa da moi-cavs mraval aspeqts. pirvel rigSi – qarTul cnobierebas, qarTvelobis gancdas. dedaenas am SemTxvevaSi erT-erTi, magram ara erTader-Ti, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs. umTavresia pirovnebis cnobierebaSi areklili erovnuli fesvebi da memkvidreoba. esaa, - qarTvelobis gancda – qarTuli sindisi da sindisSi Caner-gili mamuliSviloba. amgvari mamuliSviloba qarTvelTa Soris, cxadia, arsebobda me-4 sau-kunemdec, saubaria araqristianul saqarTve-loze da arsebobs dResac, magram specifiku-rad qarTuli kultura, ris wyalobiTac Cveni eri warmodgenilia damoukidebel erTeulad da individad, aris qristianuli msoflmxed-velobis nayofi.

qarTuli kulturis umTavres impulsad mo iazreba jvrisa da xatis Tayvanismcemeli religia. ramdenadac migviwvdeba Tvali Cve-

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ni qveynis istoriis vrcel gzaze, swored es religia asazrdoebs qarTvelTa SemoqmedebiT potencials da gansazRvravs mis TviTmyofa-dobas.

amaze bevri iTqva da daiwera e. w. `garda-qmnis~ xanaSic. gansakuTrebiT 9 aprilis Sem-deg, rodesac CvenSi antikomunisturi talRa azvirTda. am talRam sazogadoebis yvela fena moicva. maT Soris TviT komunistebi (ufro sworad, skkp-s wevrebi). isini daupirispird-nen saxelmwifo, oficialurad saxeldebul ideologias da erT-erT berketad religiuri paTosi moimarjves. rac, Sors iyo da aris WeS-mariti, wignieri, sarwmuno religiisa da reli-giurobisagan. moxda samwuxaro faqti: CvenSi fexi gaidga sarwmunoebis folklorulma da zedapirulma codnam. daiwyo profanacia ga-moTqmisa `CvenTan ars RmerTi~! igi gadaiqca samitingo lozungad, xandaxan ki fuW da yalb sityvebad.

sityva religia kulturuli erebis metyve-lebaSi erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli ter-minia. am saxelwodebiT moiazreba adamianis cnobierebis garkveuli mdgomareoba: aRmate-buli da zebunebrivi realobis gancda, uxila-visa da dafarulis rwmena, yovelgvari RvTism-

42

saxureba anu saidumlo, mistiuri, sakraluri qmedebani. termini `religia~ momdinareobs laTinuri sityvidan `religio~, rac niSnavs xe-laxal kavSirs anu kavSiris ganaxlebas, aRdge-nas; cneba `religiis~ gamosaxatavad Cvens enas araerTi sityva moepoveba. Zvel qarTulSi ixma-reboda terminebi: msaxureba, RvTismasaxureba, RvTismoSiSeba, aRsareba, sarwmunoeba, marTl-morwmuneoba, es terminebi asaCinoeben reli-giis sakulto (TayvaniscemiT) mxares da mia-niSneben adamianis movaleobaze RvTis winaSe, kacTa modgmis bunebriv moTxovnilebaze – movimuSakoT mizezTa mizezisa da uzenaesi gamgeblis saTno da sakadrisi saqme; aRvavli-noT qeba-dideba misadmi, visganac veliT wya-lobas. enaSi am sityvis arseboba cxadyofs, rom adamianis mexsierebaSi ar waSlila xsovna odesRac RmerTTan erTad cxovrebaze, masTan uSualo kavSirze, samoTxeze. wuTisofelSi ki aRniSnuli kavSiri darRveulia, am qveyanasa da imqveyanas, RmerTsa da adamians Soris bzaria, xidia Catexili, rasac cnobierad yvela adamia-ni grZnobs da ganicdis, eZiebs, ilia WavWavaZes TqmiT, `tivs~ xidis gasamTeleblad da kavSi-ris aRsadgenad.

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arsebobda Tu ara odesme sazogadoeba religiis gareSe? cnobilia adamianurobis xuTi ZiriTadi niSani e. w. maxasiaTebeli anu ganzomileba, maT gareSe orfexa, vertikalu-rad mavali da metyveli arseba adamianad ver CaiTvleba. isini qmnian adamians adamianad da sazogadoebas sazogadoebad, suldgmuls pi-rovnebad da jogs – koleqtivad – adamiani cxovelisgan gansxvavdeba imiT, rom aris ia-raRis mkeTebeli; gonieri; moraluri; sazoga-doebrivi da religiuri anu morwmune. am maxa-siaTeblebidan ama Tu im pirovnebisaTvis zogi metadaa niSandoblivi, zogi – naklebad, magram ar arsebobs adamiani, miT ufro sazogadoeba, maTgan erTic rom akldes. es niSnebi erTma-neTzea gadajaWvuli; isini erTmaneTs avseben, erTmaneTs apirobeben da xels uwyoben erTi-meoris ganviTarebas, daxvewas, urTierTpro-gress. amas adasturebs istoria, konkretulad ki – kerZo adamianis cxovreba. amitomac unda CaiTvalos bunebrivad is faqti, rom iara-Ris keTeba Tu nebismieri SemoqmedebiTi aqti, TavisTavad gulisxmobs azrovnebas, morals, sazogadoebriobas da msoflmxedvelobas, msoflio gancdas, religiurobas. cxadia, rom religiuri gancdebi da ocneba-warmodgenebi

44

cxovrebis organuli nawilia. adamiani reli-giuria mudam da yvelgan, rasac adasturebs arqeologia, saistorio wyaroebi, materialu-ri da literaturuli Zeglebi. eTnografia ar icnobs iseT sazogadoebas, Tavisufali rom iyos rwmenis ama Tu im, Tundac umartivesi formisagan. es arcaa gasakviri, rwmenis impul-si imTaviTvea Canergili pirovnebis sulSi da vlindeba yofierebis nebismier ubanze. swored am impulsis Sedegia adamianis unari, rogorc sulis aqtivobis Sedegi, rom gaiaros miwieri garsi, gaaRwios xiluli samyaros farglebs gareT, ixilos da ganicados miRmieri samya-ro, anu aRmoaCinos religiuri faseuloba da WeSmaritebani. am impulss bazisis mniSvneloba eniWeba religiur cnobierebaSi. misi wyalobiT adamians SeuZlia Seafasos sakuTari fiqri da qceva ara mxolod rogorc moralurma, aramed rogorc religiurma arsebamac. amrigad, ada-miani aris ara mxolod moqmedebis kaci, azris kaci, zneobrivi kaci da sazogadoebis kaci, aramed rwmenis kaci, romelic Tavis moqmede-basa da azrovnebaSi xelmZRvanelobs RvTae-brivi kriteriumebiT.

qristianoba qarTveli eris gonebrivi da sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mamo-

45

Zravebeli Zalaa, cxovrebis yvela sferoSi SeimCneva misi zegavlena. saqarTveloSi dide-buli warsulis utyvi mowme mravaliA Zeglia SemorCDenili. uflis siyvaruliT aSenebda Cveni winapari eklesia-monastrebsa da samlo-cveloebs. swored maTSi iyo ganivTebuli is sulieri samyaro, romelic qarTulma genma Seisisxlxorca qristianobasTan erTad.

ZvelTaganve cnobilia, rom taZrebs qarTve-li kacis suli udgas. amitomac cdilobda mis ganadgurebas mteri. mtarvalis mizani erTi gaxldaT – Caekla qarTvelis sulSi erovnuli TviTSegneba-Tavmoyvareobis grZnoba, erovnu-li sarwmunoebis erTguleba. mters sjeroda, rom dabeCavebuli, sarwmunoebadakarguli qar-Tveli advilad dasaCoqebeli iqneboda. ami-tomac cdilobda yvela dampyrobi qarTuli sulieri saganZuris ganadgurebas, mospobas, gaCanageba-gapartaxebas.

momavalma Taobam unda icodes es, raTa pativi sces samSoblos warsuls, WeSmariti qristianu-li cxovrebis gziT iRvawos qveynis keTildReo-bisa da ganaxlebisaTvis.

dedaRvTismSoblis Sobis eklesiis mSene-blobis Sesaxeb mogviTxroben rwmenis kacebi, sasuliero da saero pirebi.

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mama sograti (WuluxaZe)

jer kidev maSin, roca mre-vli eklesiuri cxovrebisagan Sors idga da eklesiaSi sia-rulic ki ekrZaleboda, gavi-cani RvTismosavi qalbatoni mayvala kikabiZe. erTxel man mTxova, gardabanSi gavyolo-

di sakuTari saxlis sakurTxeblad. roca manqa-niT CavuareT qalaqis centrSi erT amaRlebul adgils, iseTi madli vigrZeni, romlis gamoTq-mac ki miWirs. qalbaton mayvalas vTxove da man es adgili damaTvalierebina. iq Senobis naSTi aRmoCnda, mTeli kedeli iyo miwaSi. roca viki-Txe, aq ra idga-meTqi, veravin mipasuxa. maSinve vTqvi, am adgilas didi madli trialebs da kargia, Tu eklesia aSendeba-meTqi.

gavida dro. qalbatoni mayvala qaSveTis taZarSi movida da miTxra, im adgilze ekle-siis aSeneba gadavwyvite da Tqveni locva-kur-Txeva gvindao. me vupasuxe, Sen SeZleb-meTqi? komunisturi wyobis dros warmoudgeneli iyo eklesiis aSenebaze fiqric ki. magram albaT, Sinaganma xmam Tu mikarnaxa. maSin, roca ara-vin eloda, aSenda eklesia da dRes adamiani

47

ifiqrebs, saukuneebis win aris aSenebulio. mSeneblobis periodSi mitropolit konstan-tinesTan erTad vloculobdi, vakurTxebdi iqaurobas. taZris gaxsnisas, viyavi Tanamwir-veli patriarqTan erTad.

Zalian moxaruli var, rom gardabanSi arse-bobs dedaRvTismSoblis eklesia. radgan pira-dad Cveni gvaris (WuluxaZe) salocavi aris yovladwmida RvTismSoblis taZari.

mama RvTiso (SalikaSvili)

qalbaton mayvalas didi xania vicnob. roca man mauwya, rom gardabanSi dedaRvTism-Soblis Sobis eklesiis aSe-nebis survili gauCnda, me es RvTis nebad miviCnie da sanam mSenebloba daiwyeboda, xSi-rad vixdidi parakliss.

Semdeg gardabanSi gaxsnes 9 aprilis memo-riali, romelic aseve vakurTxe. mSeneblobis dawyebis Semdeg xSirad Cavdiodi iq qalbaton mayvalasTan erTad. Sevxvdi raikomis maSindel

48

pirvel mdivans, oTar bokerias. RmerTi uSvelis am adamians, radgan Zalian dagvexmara organiza-ciuli sakiTxis mogvarebaSi. Tavdapirvelad am didebuli taZris adgilas aSenda xis eklesia, sadac mrevli loculobda. ori wlis periodSi yovel kviras mimyavda qaSveTis eklesiis gundi da vixdidiT parakliss. taZris mSeneblobis ganmavlobaSi viyavi am taZris winamZRvari. iyo xelisSemSleli pirobebic, winaaRmdegobebic, finansuri gaWirvebac, magram RvTis SewevniTa da daxmarebiT, qalbaton mayvalas aqtiuri mo-nawileobiT, taZris mSenebloba mainc dasrul-da da miviReT samTavisis tipis, zomebSi odnav gansxvavebuli taZari, romlis msgavsi saqarT-veloSi 200 welia ar aSenebula.

komunisturi ideologiis periodi iyo da mogexsenebaT, isini mosvlis pirveli dRidanve daupirispirdnen RmerTs, rwmenas, aravin elo-da da arc aravis sjeroda, rom taZris aSene-ba SesaZlebeli iyo, magram 9 aprilis Semdeg, komunisturi partiisa da xelisuflebis Zala Sesustda da winaaRmdegobas ukve veRar beda-vdnen.

RmerTma Seuwiros yvelas am taZris aSenebi-saTvis gaweuli Rvawli. yovladwmida RvTism-Sobelma daifaros sruliad saqarTvelo!

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dekanozi elizbari (odiSvili)

saqarTvelos eklesiaSi 1978 wels movedi. 1979 wels makur-Txes diakvnad sionis saka-Tedro taZarSi. 1980 wlidan viyavi qaSveTis mRvdelmsaxuri da mevaleoboda saqarTvelos eklesia-monas-trebis aRdgena-restavracia. Tu sadme axali eklesia aSendeboda (rac maSin warmoudgeneli iyo), misi locva-kurTxeva patriarqTan erTad. RvTis SewevniT veZebdi adamianebs, romlebic gverdiT damidgebodnen. mogexsenebaT, maSin Tavisuflad aravin gvixsnida daketil ekle-sias da axlis aSenebis neba xom warmoudgeneli iyo. Zveli eklesiac rom gagvexsna, saWiro iyo oci adamianis xelmowerili Txovna gagvegza-vna sakavSiro religiis saministroSi; iqedan pasuxi egzavneboda saqarTvelos religiis sa-bWos, sadac dagibarebdnen da kargadac `daga-muSavebdnen~, ratom qadagebo.

gavicani eklesiuri ojaxi gardabnidan, ro-melic qaSveTis eklesiis mrevli iyo; am ojaxis Svilebi marine, nino da merabi Cemi sulieri Svilebi iyvnen. me xSirad Cavdiodi gardaban-

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Si, paraklisebs aRvavlendi da vloculobdi samlocvelo saxlSi, romelic eklesiad iyo mowyobili. aq vnaTlavdi kidec. es yvelaferi, ra Tqma unda, saidumlod sruldeboda. aqedan daiwyo am ojaxis sulieri gaZlierebac, rasac mohyva neba RvTisa, rom swored es ojaxi yo-filiyo yovladwmida RvTismSoblis eklesiis aSenebis iniciatori.

1990-92 wlebSi gldanSi aSenda wmida gior-gis eklesia, romelsac winamZRvrad vedeqi. eklesiis gaxsnisas iq jvari daiweres marina ugulavam da kaxa yuraSvilma.

Semdeg ufro gaZlierdnen Cemi sulieri Svi-lebi. ufalma kurTxeva ar daaklo maT ojaxs da is didi madli gardmouvlina, rom SeaZle-bina gardabanSi didebuli sakaTedro taZris aSeneba. es rCeulTa xvedria, yvela amas ver SeZlebda da miTumetes, im dros.

ufalma dalocos Mmayvala kikabiZis Svilebi da SviliSvilebi: mariam da giorgi yuraSvile-bi; ana, nana da nikoloz zarandiebi; barbare da revaz ugulavebi.

ufalma dalocos taZris mSenebelni da nayofis Semomwirvelni.

RmerTi iyos yvelas mfarveli!

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mama zurabi (xaCiZe)

mRvdlad 1988 wels vi-kurTxe. xuTi weli rusulad aRvavlendi wirva-locvas gudauTaSi, Semdeg ki soWSi. afxazeTis Semdeg vmsaxurob-di RvTismSoblis safarve-lis, kvarTis taZarSi. 1994 wels patriarqma da-mibara da miTxra, rTul ubnebs miCveuli xarT da gardabanSi xom ar gindaT msaxurebao. oTxi mcirewlovani Svili myavda, eklesias ki sacxo-vrebeli saxlic hqonda, amitom davTanxmdi pa-triarqs da misi kurTxeviT daviwye msaxureba. maxsovs, im wels saaRdgomo wirvas xuTi adamia-ni eswreboda, ori qarTveli, rusi da berZnebi. me ki did mrevls viyavi miCveuli gudauTaSi, magram dideba ufals, erT weliwadSi gaivso eklesia mrevliT da ase grZeldeba msaxureba dRemde. am xnis ganmavlobaSi Uuwmidesi samjer gvestumra, aseve stumrad gvyavda serbeTis patriarqi, maT wirva daayenes da es iyo sulis maamebeli saaTebi gardabneli mrevlisaTvis.

RvTismSoblis Sobis taZari aris gardabni-sa da martyofis eparqiis sakaTedro taZari, sadac wirva-locva qarTulad aRevlineba. misi

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pirveli mRvdelmTavari meufe iakobi gaxldaT. madlobas vwirav ufals, rom afxazi moZRvris daxmarebiT afxazeTidan mSvidobiT gamovaRwie da 21 welia gardabnis yovladwmida RvTismSob-lis Sobis eklesiaSi (ZiriTadad, SabaT-kviras) aRvavlen uflis sadidebels.

guram fircxalaiSvili

1967 wels, saqarTvelos politeqnikuri institutis damTavrebis Semdeg, ganawi-lebiT muSaoba daviwye gar-dabanSi, Tbilisis saxel-mwifo raionul eleqtro sadgurSi, sadac sxvadasxva

Tanamdebobaze vimuSave 10 weli. 1977 wlis maisSi gadamiyvanes gardabnis raionis mrewve-lobisa da transportis ganyofilebis gamged, xolo 1979 wlidan arCeuli viyavi gardabnis raisabWos aRmaskomis Tavmjdomaris pirvel moadgiled, sadac 13 weli vimuSave.

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Cemi muSaobis periodSi bevri sasikeTo sa-qme gakeTda, sadac raionis xelmZRvanelebTan: guram lolaZesTan, givi kvantalianTan, oTar bokeriasaTan, avTandil SanSiaSvilTan, zaur margvelaSvilTan, gia CeCelaSvilTan, vano WeliZesTan, abdula daStamirovTan, cezar mosiZesTan da sxva batonebTan erTad, Cemi mokrZalebuli wvlilic aris.

gansakuTrebiT minda gamovyo gardabnNis centrSi erovnuli mniSvnelobis ori udidesi mSenebloba – deda RvTismSoblis Sobis ekle-siis kompleqsi da qarTuli saSualo skola. (manamade gardabanSi iyo qarTul-rusuli, azerbaijanuli da rusuli skolebi, damouki-debeli qarTuli skola ki ar arsebobda).

yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Sobis eklesiis mSeneblobis idea qalbaton mayvala kikabiZe-ugulavas ekuTvnis. man da misi ojaxis wevrebma: batonma revaz ugulavam, Svilebma marine, nino da merabma udidesi Rvawli gaiRes da amagi ar dai-Sures am mSeneblobis warmatebiT dasrulebaSi.

1988 wels, roca qalbatonma mayvalam mre-vlis saxeliT mommarTa, adgili SemerCia da davxmarebodi eklesiis mSeneblobaSi, maSin-deli situaciidan gamomdinare, valdebuli viyavi raikomis pirveli mdivani, udidesi pa-

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trioti, brwyinvale mamuliSvili batoni oTar bokeria Cameyenebina saqmis kursSi. man mirCia, rom iqneb sjobda am saqmeSi ar Cavreuliyavi, magram iqve vigrZeni, rom es sityvebi mas raRa-ca gareSe Zalam aTqmevina. ramdenime xnis Sem-deg baton oTarsa da Cems Soris am Temaze sau-bari kvlav gaimarTa. maSin man miTxra: `TviTon gadawyvite rogor moiqcevi, xels ar SegiSli, magram Tu rame moxda, Sen Tavs daabraleo”. es ukve Tanxmobas niSnavda da daviwye aqtiuri muSaoba, rom gardabnis centrSi sulierebis taZari aSenebuliyo. im periodisaTvis batoni oTaris gadawyvetileba da mxardaWera, marT-lac, gmirobis tolfasi iyo.

1989 wlis 30 noembers gardabnis aRmaskomma miiRo gadawyvetileba, gardabnis centrSi yov-ladwmida RvTismSoblis Sobis eklesiis aSene-bis Sesaxeb. am mizniT gamoiyo 1500 kv. metri miwis farTobi. aRsaniSnavia, rom es gadawyve-tileba miRebul iqna erTxmad.

albaT, sainteresoa eklesiis asaSenebuli teritoriis istoriac. 80-ian wlebSi, Tbils-resis me-9 da me-10 blokebis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT, sakavSiro energetikis saminis-tros mier, qalaq gardabanSi socialur-kul-turuli centrebis, maT Soris, energetikose-

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bis kulturis sasaxlis asaSeneblad gamoiyo garkveuli Tanxa. Kkulturis sasaxle daproeq-tebuli iyo swored im adgilas, sadac amJa-mad brwyinvale taZaria aRmarTuli. sakavSiro energetikis saministroSi gardabnis ganaSe-nianebis proeqtis ganxilvisas aRmoCnda, rom gamoyofili Tanxa ar yofnidaT da am mize-ziT gegmidan kulturis sasaxlis mSenebloba amoiRes. dRes darwmunebuli var, es yvela-feri RvTis nebiT moxda, radgan im adgilas sulierebis sasaxle unda aSenebuliyo.

mSeneblobis adgilis daTvalierebisas sru-liad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uw-midesi da unetaresi ilia II aRfrTovanebuli darCa, adgili moiwona, akurTxa da rCeva mo-gvca, am adgilze samTavisis eklesiis analogi aSenebuliyo, rac Sesrulda kidec.

vamayob, rom Cemi wvlili Sevitane am dide-buli taZris mSeneblobaSi, romelic kaToli-kos-patriarqis loca-kurTxeviTa da raionis organizaciebisa da mosaxleobis SenawiriT aSenda.

Cemi ojaxisaTvis udidesi saCuqaria saqar-Tvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is mier naCuqari biblia la-mazi warweriT `baton guram fircxalaiSvils,

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– Rrma pativiscemiTa da locva-kurTxeviT. † ilia II. 14/II. 1990~.

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Nnugzar (xuta) mamalaZe

gardabnis dedaRvTism-Soblis Sobis taZris mSe-nebloba 1990 wels daiwyo da 1992 wels damTavrda. im wlebSi taZris aSene-baze ocnebac ki ar SeiZ-leboda. 1991 wels viyavi uzenaesi sabWos wevri. 1992 wlis 28 ianvridan daviniSne gardabnis raionis gamgeblad. miuxe-davad qveyanaSi ganviTarebuli movlenebisa, mSenebloba erTi wuTiT ar SeCerebula. roca taZris aSenebis ZiriTadi samuSaoebi dasrul-da, daviwyeT zrunva gadaxurvaze, mopirkeTe-basa da keTilmowyobaze. taZris mSenebelTan, #1 trestis mmarTvel Temur CarkvianTan da valeri moqeriasTan erTad TxovniT mivmarTeT respublikis liToniT momaragebis xelmZRva-nels, aw gansvenebul anzor TavarTqilaZes. man moixmo Tavisi kolegebi, Tengiz kalandaZe, jumber SoTaZe da miiRes gadawyvetileba saCu-qrad gadmoecaT ZviradRirebuli spilenZis ma-sala, romliTac gadaxurulia taZari. Tbilisis krwanisis raionis gamwvanebisa da keTilmowyo-

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bis sammarTvelos ufrosma, zaur Tabagarma Tavisi xarjebiT moawyo eklesiis ezo.

taZris mSeneblobis periodSi igrZnoboda SesaSuri erTsulovneba, inJiner-teqnikuri personali Tu muSebi, ganurCevlad erovnebi-sa da sarwmunoebisa, SemarTebiT muSaobdnen. modiodnen adamianebi sxvadasxva soflebidan da gasamrjelos gareSe Sromobdnen. Eeklesiis mSeneblobaSi monawileobdnen organizacia-dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelebi, rigiTi Ta-namSromlebi, qalebi Tu kacebi, axalgazrdebi Tu xandazmulebi, yvela isini, visac bedma arguna im periodSi gardabanSi cxovreba da muSaoba.

raionis maSindeli xelmZRvanelis, raikomis pirveli mdivnis, baton oTar bokerias Tanx-moba mSeneblobis dawyebis Taobaze, im droi-saTvis uprecedento iyo da am gadmosaxedidan udides pativiscemas imsaxurebs misi gambedao-ba da gaweuli Rvawli.

raionis aRmaskomis Tavjdomaris pirvel moadgiles, baton guram fircxalaiSvils da-valebuli hqonda mSeneblobis saerTo xelm-ZRvaneloba da amitomac pativsacemia misi Rvawli taZris mSeneblobis saqmeSi. grandio-zuli mSenebloba umokles periodSi dasrul-

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da, romelic Cveni qveynisaTvis urTulesi mov-lenis, samoqalaqo omis dros mimdinareobda.

eWvs ar iwvevs qalbaton mayvala kikabiZe-ugulavasa da misi ojaxis yvela wevris amagi am saRvTo saqmis aRsrulebaSi.

taZris mSeneblobisas did daxmarebas gviwe-vda sasoflo mSeneblobis maSindeli ministri ioseb xaratiSvili. am mSeneblobis dawyebisas viyavi agrosamrewvelo gaerTianeba `gardaba-nis~ Tavmjdomare, am gaerTianebis 75 wevri-organizacia, mogebidan miRebul solidur Tanxas ricxavda mSeneblobis fondSi.

1992 wlis 4 oqtombris mziani dila gaTen-da. omi iyo am dros saqarTveloSi. qalaqad Tu soflad gareT gasvlas eridebodnen ada-mianebi. gardabnis eklesiis zarebis Semokvra ki gaxda sawindari imisa, rom qveyana wesrigisa da mSvidobisaken mobrunebuliyo. sxvadasxva regionebidan gardabanSi rCeuli sazogadoeba CamobrZanda da taZris kurTxevasa da erovnul dResaswaul `gardabnoba~-Si miiRo monawileo-ba.

CamobrZanda kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmin-desi da unetaresi ilia II, romelmac akurTxa taZari da daloca mrevli. im dros gaerTianda poziciac da opoziciac. politikuri mrwamsis

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miuxedavad, eric da beric erTad dadga. su-lierebis saocari zeimi Sedga.

wrfeli madloba yvelas, vinc monawileoba miiRo taZris mSeneblobaSi. es iyo pirveli taZari, romelic ori saukunis Semdeg saqar-TveloSi fundamentidan aSenda. man dasabami misca axal eklesiaTa mSeneblobas.

Temur Carkviani

am didebuli taZris mSe-nebloba rom daiwyo, garda-banSi vmuSaobdi soflmSenis #1 trestis mmarTvelad. am ra ionSi #37-e moZrav-meqanizi-rebul kolonas davalebuli hqonda sasoflo-sameurneo

kompleqsebis mSenebloba. Sendeboda janda-ris mecxoveleobis kompleqsi, norios me-frinveleobis fabrika, krwanisis meRoreobis kompleqsi, samgoris mefrinveleobis sajiSe meurneoba, skolebi, sacxovrebeli saxlebi. am kompleqsTagan zogierTi sakavSiro daqvemde-barebisa iyo.

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roca Sevityve gardabanSi eklesiis mSene-bloba iwyeboda, mivmarTe gardabnis aRmasko-mis Tavmjdomaris pirvel moadgiles, baton guram fircxalaiSvils, radgan uSualod mas exeboda organizaciuli sakiTxebi da vTxove, moeca wmida saxlis aSenebis nebarTva. batonma guramma Cveuli siTboTi gaicina da miTxra, gverdze unda damidgeTo.

marTlac, gverdze davudeqiT da RvTisa da kacis nebiT, es didebuli taZaric aSenda. am mSeneblobis dawyeba Zalian Zneli iyo. axla eklesias kerZo piric aSenebs, maSin jer isev sabWoTa inerciiT cxovrobda qveyana da ra Tqma unda, yvelaze did siZneles oficialuri sakiTxebis mogvareba warmoadgenda, romelic qalbaton mayvala kikabiZis udidesi Zalisxme-viT miRweulic iqna. siZnele isic iyo, rom ar gvqonda taZris mSeneblobis gamocdileba, Cvens Taobas xom eklesiebi ar uSenebia! opera-tiulad Camoyalibda mSeneblobis Stabi. moxda miwis nakveTis gamoyofa, tardeboda TaTbire-bi da mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi iq wydeboda. unda aRiniSnos, rom Zneli iyo saxsrebis mozidvac, radgan taZris mSenebloba im wlis biujetSi ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli da

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ugegmo obieqtis aSeneba TiTqmis warmoudge-neli iyo.

mSenebloba swrafi tempiT mimdinareobda, daaxloebiT asi kaci uwyvet cvlaSi gasamrje-los gareSe muSaobda. enTuziazmiT muSaobdnen azerbaijanelebi, berZnebi, somxebi, ar igrZno-boda religiuri gansxvaveba, saqmes yvela er-Tgulad akeTebda.

mSeneblobis periodSi uwmidesi da une-taresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-triarqi ilia II samjer iyo CamobrZanebuli. misi locva-kurTxeviT, 1992 wlis 4 oqtombers davamTavreT taZris mSenebloba. taZris gaxsna sruliad saqarTvelos zeimi iyo. me morwmune kaci gaxlavarT, bebiaCemisagan, uaRresad Rv-Tismosavi qalisagan, varvara jafariZisagan ma-qvs Canergili RvTisadmi pativiscema da siyva-ruli. xuTi wlis asakSi movinaTle didubis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi. bebiam maSin jvari maCuqa, romelsac dResac vatareb da Tu rames mivaRwie, am jvris madlia.

bednieri var, rom Cems megobrebTan erTad, wilad mxvda XX saukuneSi aSenebuli am taZris mSenebelTagani vyofiliyavi.

RvTismSoblis Sobis taZris Semdeg, RvTis madliT, avaSeneT wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis

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saxelobis eklesia Tsu universitetis ezoSi, samebis taZari baTumSi da grandiozuli same-bis taZari TbilisSi.

aAmayi var, RvTis oTxi saxlis mSeneblobaSi miviRe monawileoba. maTi madli hfaravs Cems ojaxs, Cems axloblebs, da Cems aw sakeTebel keTil saqmeebs.

madloba ufals da madloba yvelas, visac saqarTvelos aSenebisa da sulieri ayvavebis misia avalia.

jimSer qajaia

1988 wels, TbilisSi, respu-blikis melioraciisa da wyal-Ta meurneobis sammarTveloSi, romelsac vxelmZRvanelobdi, batoni guram fircxalaiSvili mobrZanda TxovniT, rom saWiro iyo gardabnis sarwyavi sistemis sammarTvelos Senobis dangreva. CemTvis mou-lodneli iyo es winadadeba, radgan es gaxl-daT uZvelesi sammarTvelo melioraciisa da wyalTa meurneobis sistemaSi. am sammarTvelo-

64

dan xdeboda gardabnis magistraluri arxebis marTva da irwyveboda 11 aTas xuTasi heqtari.

batonma guramma amixsna, rom am adgilas odesRac eklesia iyo da axlac eklesiis aSe-neba gvaqvs gadawyvetilio, me wamiTac ar dav-fiqrebulvar da Tanxmoba ganvacxade. iqve ga-dawyda, rom am sammarTvelos TanamSromlebs Sesaferis Senobas gamouZebnidnen, rac dakma-yofilda kidevac.

mSenebloba roca damTavrda, Zalian ga-xa rebuli viyavi, radgan gardabnis raionis marTlmadidebel mosaxleobas saSualeba mieca yoveldRiuri wirva-locva Tu saeklesio dRe-saswaulebi sakuTar taZarSi aResrulebina.

CemTvis ki, qristiani kacisaTvis, didi sixa-rulia, radgan am saSviliSvilo saqmeSi wvli-li mec mimiZRvis.

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marine ugulava

gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebidan Cvens ojaxs sistematurad stumrob-da mama sograti da mama elizbari. xelisuflebis-gan farulad isini adgilobriv mosaxleobas naTlavdnen, eseni iyvnen qarTvelebi, asirie-lebi, somxebi. mama abraamis salocav oTaxSi kaTolikuri da marTlmadidebluri xatebi erTad iyo dabrZanebuli, radgan im dros, jer kidev ar iyo saTanado codna, Tu sad da rogor unda dagvebrZanebina xatebi. zustad es patara samlocvelo iyo is adgili, romlis arsebobis safuZvelze moskovis religiis sa-ministrodan gamoviTxoveT axali taZris aSe-nebis ufleba.

taZris aSenebis survili rom gaiges, Cvens ojaxSi sxvadasxva samsaxuris mxridan gaxSirda Ramis stumrobebi, rasac dedaCemis nerviulo-ba mosdevda xolme. Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi (1982-1989 ww.) Cveni ojaxis mimarT xelisuf-lebis mxridan iyo arakeTilganwyobili damo-kidebuleba da im periodisTvis, es sulac ar gaxldaT gasakviri.

66

maSin studenti viyavi da kargad damamaxso-vrda mayvala kikabiZisTvis niSnis mogebiT na-Tqvami: Tu SegiZliaT warmoadgineT istoriu-li dokumenti, rom aq odesRac eklesia idgao. maxsovs cxonebuli konstantine ColoyaSvilis Tanadgoma gardabnis teritoriaze saeklesio nagebobis arqivebSi moZiebis sakiTxze. isto-riul wyaroebSi, samwuxarod, ver moviZieT aseTi dokumenti, magram angariSgasawevi iyo xandazmuli asirieli qalbatonebis mogoneba da mtkiceba, rom qalaq gardabanSi RvTismSo-blis saxelobis taZari idgao.

1989 wlis 9 aprilis tragediam mniSvnelo-vnad gansazRvra taZris aSenebis bedi. swrafva taZrisken ukve TvalSisacemi iyo. Uukve aravis eSinoda sanTlis danTeba, locva. SeiZleboda adamianebs xmamaRla eTqvaT, rom eklesiaSi mi-diodnen. vfiqrob, es situacia gansakuTrebiT waadga taZris aSenebis saqmes.

taZris mSeneblobis mTeli periodi mZime da dasamaxsovrebelia Cveni ojaxisTvis. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom taZris aSenebisTvis Camotanil qvasac ki axsovs qalbaton mayvalas cremli da tkivili. arc Tanxebis mozidva iyo advili. Mmaxsovs, saRamoobiT, roca patriarqTan vikri-bebodiT, meufe konstantine (meliqiZe) (romel-

67

sac migvamagra patriarqma) da cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti meufe daviTi (Wkadua), rogor didxans vfiqrobdiT, Tu visTvis migvemarTa finansuri daxmarebisTvis.

taZris mSeneblobis periodi daemTxva sa-qarTvelos istoriis erT-erT urTules pe-riods. afxazeTSi daZabuli mdgomareoba iyo. Turme saomari mdgomareoba mwifdeboda. Cven arc vfiqrobdiT, rom omi daiwyeboda. Cven xom aq Cveni omi gvqonda. ar damaviwydeba sa-patriarqoSi erT-erTi Sexvedrisas patriarqis tkiviliani saxe. me maSin pirvelad vixile mti-rali patriarqi... axlac, amdeni xnis gasvlis Semdegac, am faqtis gaxseneba ucremlod ar SemiZlia.

dauviwyaria meufe daviTTan (Wkadua) Sexve-dra soxumSi. 1991 wels, Semosawiri Tanxis Se-grovebis mizniT, meufes Tavis rezidenciaSi vewvie. didxans visaubreT. axla rom vfiqrob im Sexvedraze, cotaTi mrcxvenia kidec da pa-tiebas vTxov meufis suls ukidegano moTmine-bisaTvis, sulieri simaRlisa da ganaTlebisa-Tvis, rac me maSin kargad ver Sevafase, radgan jer erTi axalgazrda da gamoucdeli xom viyavi, magram aseve emociurad datvirTuli da gaRizianebulic viyavi, albaT, es iyo Cemi

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mxridan ampartavnoba, Tavs ver vikavebdi da aTasnair kiTxvaze pasuxs viTxovdi meufisgan. es exeboda eklesia-monastrebis aSenebisa da aRdgenis saqmes, gelaTis akademiis restavra-cia-aRorZinebasa da marTlmadidebeli qris-tianebis rwmenis gaZlierebis sakiTxebs.

maSinac SevamCnie da axla ufro metad vxvde-bi, rom uCveulod damwuxrebuli Canda meufe daviTi. mas saqarTvelos erT-erT urTules eparqiaSi uxdeboda msaxureba da es zustad iyo areklili mis saxeze, sulsa da gulzec. zustad etyoboda, rom misi siyvaruli saqar-Tvelosadmi, ar iyo moCvenebiTi da wamieri efeqtis mqone. misi gardacvalebac xom amas mowmobs, ver gauZlo da is guli gauCerda, ro-melic samSoblos siyvaruliT uZgerda. aseT adamianebTan Sexvedra gvaZlierebda, gvawr-Tobda da gvSveloda taZris aSenebis Zala rom mogvcemoda.

madloba ufals, rom aseT adamianebs Seg-vaxvedra.

taZris mosapirkeTebeli qvis moZieba roca daviwyeT, gadawyda, rom misi kedlebi qarTuli qviT mopirkeTebuliyo. es patriarqis Txovna da survili iyo da axla, amdeni wlis Semdeg ufro vrwmundebi uwmidesis sityvebis simarT-

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leSi, sibrZnesa da momavlis ganWvretis unar-Si.

kidev erTi saintereso ambavi CamrCa xso-vnaSi: roca patriarqs warvudgendiT am ta-Zris arqiteqtors, CuqurTmis mWrelsa Tu mu-Saxels, igi TiToeul maTgans ise Wvretda da uyurebda, rogorc am taZris xuroTmoZRvars da saerTod, istoriaSi Casawer adamians.

minda uRrmesi madloba vuTxra yvelas, vi-sac am taZris aSenebaSi Rvawli aqvs da Tun-dac mcire, magram guliTadi wvlili aqvs Setanili. Aaseve madloba Cems dedas, mayvala kikabiZes, romelmac SeZlo `ama soflis Zlie-rebs~ SeupovrobiTa da gambedaobiT dapiris-pireboda da ZirZvel qarTul miwaze aeSene-bina dedaRvTismSoblis Sobis taZari, sadac marTl madidebeli qristianebi dilis wirvasa da saRamos locvas eswrebian, rac misi didi survili da ocneba iyo.

misabaZi adamiania igi, radgan qalaq gar-dabanSi, RvTis SewevniT, SeZlo yovladwmida RvTismSoblis sakaTedro taZris aSeneba.

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nino ugulava

Cemi dedis, qalbaton mayva-las damsaxurebaa, rom Zalian bevri eklesia-monasteri gvaqvs Semovlili. bavSvobidan dedas davyavdiT da RvTis SiSsa da siyvaruls gvinergavda. Cvens ojaxSi sarwmunoebrivi aRzrda

dedas ukavSirdeba, Cveni bebiac aseve unerga-vda dedaCems da mis da-Zmebs RvTis rwmenas da zrdida maT sulierad.

1989 wlis tragediis Semdeg xalxis sulieri gamoRviZeba daiwyo. maSin saqarTveloSi pirj-varis gadawera ar icodnen da gardabanSi Cveni ojaxis magaliTze iswavles rogorc locve-bis kiTxva, aseve pirjvris gadawera da sxva qristianuli ritualebis aRsruleba. rogorc RvTismoyvare adamiani, dedas yvelas tkivili stkiva. ver itans Tu vinme avadaa, Tu vinmes raime awuxebs, mudam gverdSi udgas gansac-delSi Cavardnil adamianebs, materialuri Tu fuladi daxmareba iqneba, wamali Tu eqimis ga-moZaxeba, yovelTvis mzadaa maT dasaxmareblad. ojaxis wevrebi gverdSi vudgavarT, vamxnevebT, me medaviTne var taZarSi da Sinagani siTboTi,

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sikeTiTa da zomieri siamayiT vivsebi, rom Cemi dedis aSenebul taZarSi vgalob, veziarebi da locvebs vkiTxulob.

madloba ufals yvelafer amisTvis!

liana wiklauri

1972 wlidan vcxovrobdi gardabanSi da vmuSaobdi maSin del agrobankSi ufros eko nomistad. 1989-91 wlebSi, sabWoTa kavSiris dros, war-moudgeneli iyo ara Tu ekle-siis aSeneba, aramed eklesiaSi siaruli da wirva-locvis mosmena. es gambedao-ba aRmoaCnda RvTis rCeul qalbatons, mayvala kikabiZes. roca SevityveT, rom man ikisra ase-Ti valdebuleba, yvelani gavocdiT. man Cvens bankSi gaxsna yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Sobis mSenebare eklesiis angariSi. Tanxis gadaricx-vaSi Cvenc siamovnebiT miviReT monawileoba. qalbatoni mayvala im dros gardabnis raionis koopvaWrobis direqtorad muSaobda, man Tavi-si organizaciidan soliduri Tanxa gadaricxa

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mSenebare eklesiis fondSi da roca Tanxebi ar iyo sakmarisi, mSenebloba rom ar Seferxebu-liyo, qalbatoni mayvala dadioda sxvadasxva organizaciebis xelmZRvanelebTan da sTxovda mieRoT monawileoba eklesiis mSeneblobaSi. igi aseve Tavisi organizaciis zegegmiuri mo-gebidan uricxavda mSeneblebs Tanxas. amito-mac iyo, rom taZris mSenebloba umokles or weliwadSi gasrulda.

gardabnis marTlmadidebeli mosaxleoba mudam madlieri iqneba am qalbatonisa. dRes yvela qristians rom SeuZlia am taZarSi lo-cva, es aris WeSmariti mamuliSvilis, mayvala kikabiZis damsaxureba.

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damowmebuli literatura:

1. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe – `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, oTx tomad., Tbilisi, gamomcemloba `merani~

2. vano nakaiZe – gardabnis sarwyavi sis-tema, Tbilisi, 1983 weli.

3. gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~ – 1992 weli, `kvlavac Tqvan: ra xelma aago~ da-viT biwaZe.

4. gazeTi `TvalTai~ 15-21 oqtomberi, 1997 weli, #12, `... da dadis jvriT-xuro mxevali Rv-Tisa...~ vaxtang JRenti.

5. gazeTi `gardabani~ 17-30 ivnisi 2000 weli, TinaTin doliaSvili `mTavaria sulis taZari vaSenoT~.

6. gazeTi `saqarTvelos kooperatori~ 27 noemberi, 1992, `didi qvelmoqmedi qalbatoni~ r. gujabiZe.

7. gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~ – 4 seqtemberi 1991 weli, `RvTismSoblis taZari gardabanSi~, daviT ivaniZe.

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8. gazeTi `saqarTvelos kooperatori~ – 16 oqtomberi, 1992 w.`rwmenisa da imedis naT-lisvetad~.

9. gazeTi àrili~, 1994 w. 3 agvisto – àm-bavi eklesiis mSeneblobisa~ nino WeliZe.

10. gazeTi `madli~ – 1991 w. 12 Tebervali – `ganixsna karni daxSulni~.

11. gazeTi `samgori~, 6 noemberi 1990 w. zenar nozaZe – àRorZineba~.

12. Церковь «Божей матери» в Гардабани.13. gazeTi `madli~, 21 aprili, 1992 w. `qro-

nika~ elene nacvliSvili.14. «Свободная Грузия» – 24 июля 1991 «Храм –

белоснежный красавец» Джумбер Гогричиани 15. `samgori~ 1989 wlis 7 dekemberi, qalaq

gardabanSi aRsdgeba RvTismSoblis eklesia. 16. studia `guTanis~ mier 2013 wels gada-

Rebuli dokumenturi filmi `sami taZris qti-tori~.

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