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GAMBARAN IRAMA SIRKADIAN SISTEM KARDIOVASKULER
(Studi Observasi pada Anggota Gerakan Kepanduan Hizbul Wathan
Kafilah Penuntun Moh. Djazman Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)
Disusun oleh:
ITSNA ROSYADA
J120130009
PROGRAM STUDI S1 FISIOTERAPI
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017
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HALAMAN PRASYARAT GELAR
GAMBARAN IRAMA SIRKADIAN SISTEM KARDIOVASKULER
(STUDI OBSERVASI PADA ANGGOTA GERAKAN KEPANDUAN
HIZBUL WATHAN KAFILAH PENUNTUN MOH. DJAZMAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA)
Skripsi Ini Dibuat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Fisioterapi Dalam Program
S1 Fisioterapi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Diajukan Oleh:
Hari : Senin
Tanggal : 09 Oktober 2017
ITSNA ROSYADA
J120130009
PROGRAM STUDI FISIOTERAPI
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017
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HALAMAN MOTTO
“Dan Allah tidak membebani seseorang melainkan sesuai dengan
kesanggupannya. Dia mendapatkan (pahala) dari kebajikan yang dilakukannya,
dan dia mendapatkan (dosa) dari kejahatan yang dilakukannya”
-Q.S Al Baqarah: 286
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KATA PENGANTAR
Alhamdulillah, segala puja dan puji tetaplah terhaturkan kepada Allah
SWT, Rabb semesta alam yang telah memberi kenikmatan akal dan sehat,
sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian ini sesuai dengan yang
diharapkan.
Penelitian yang berjudul “Gambaran Irama Sirkadian Sistem
Kardiovaskuler (Studi Observasi pada Anggota Gerakan Kepanduan Hizbul
Wathan Kafilah Penuntun Moh. Djazman Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta)” ini mampu diselesaikan oleh penulis dengan beberapa bantuan dan
dukungan, baik dari pihak orang tua dan keluarga, dosen maupun teman sebaya
yang telah memberikan bantuan berupa moril dan materiil.
Penulis berharap, semoga penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat untuk
masyarakat luas, sehingga ilmu pengetahuan tidak terhenti sampai detik ini,
namun pengembangan pengetahuan tetap dilakukan sampai pada akhir kehidupan.
Nashrun Minallah wa Fathun Qariib.
Surakarta, 18 September 2017
Penulis
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ABSTRAK
PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA FISIOTERAPI
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
SKRIPSI, SEPTEMBER 2017
ITSNA ROSYADA / J120130009
“GAMBARAN IRAMA SIRKADIAN SISTEM KARDIOVASKULER
(STUDI OBSERVASI PADA ANGGOTA GERAKAN KEPANDUAN
HIZBUL WATHAN KAFILAH PENUNTUN MOH. DJAZMAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA)” V BAB, 39 Halaman,
17 Gambar, 5 Tabel, 2 Bagan.
(Dibimbing Oleh: Isnaini Herawati, Sst.Ft, S.Pd, M.Sc)
Latar Belakang: Makhluk hidup memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi dengan
perubahan lingkungannya. Kemampuan tersebut disebabkan adanya proses
fisiologis ritmis yang dikendalikan oleh Nukleus Suprachiasmatik di anterior
hipotalamus sebagai pemicu utama irama sirkadian dalam rentang waktu sekitar
24 jam. Akibatnya, tubuh akan terjadi proses “naik turun” aktifitas organ,
meskipun dalam kondisi istirahat total, termasuk pada aktifitas kardiovaskuler.
Sehingga, perlu diketahui gambaran normal irama sirkadian sistem kardiovaskuler
untuk acuan pemberian dosis latihan yang aman dan sesuai dengan fluktuasi
aktifitas kardiovaskuler.
Tujuan Penelitian: untuk mengetahui gambaran irama sirkadian sistem
kardiovaskuler pada anggota Gerakan Kepanduan Hizbul Wathan Kafilah
Penuntun Moh. Djazman Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah
deskriptif observasional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah
Purposive Sampling dengan jumlah sampel 47 orang. Pengambilan data irama
sirkadian sistem kardiovaskuler (tekanan darah dan denyut nadi) dilakukan setiap
4 jam selama 3 hari.
Hasil Penelitian: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan tekanan darah dan
denyut nadi berada pada puncak terendah pada pukul 04.00 dini hari dan pukul
16.00 sore, sementara puncak peningkatan terjadi pada pukul 08.00 hingga 10.00
pagi dan 20.00 hingga 24.00 malam.
Kesimpulan: Irama sirkadian sistem kardiovaskuler (tekanan darah dan denyut
nadi) pada Anggota Gerakan Kepanduan Hizbul Wathan Kafilah Penuntun Moh.
Djazman Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta menunjukkan hasil fluktuasi
sesuai normalnya.
Kata Kunci: Irama Sirkadian, Sistem Kardiovaskuler
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ABSTRACT
PHYSICAL THERAPY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
MINITHESIS, SEPTEMBER 2017
ITSNA ROSYADA / J120130009
“CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF CARDIOVASCULAR (THE STUDY OF
OBSERVATION AT MOH. DJAZMAN GUIDES GROUP ON HIZBUL
WATHAN ISLAMIC SCOUTING, MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF
SURAKARTA)”
V CHAPTERS, 39 Pages, 17 Pictures, 5 Tables, 2 Schemes.
(Counseled By: Isnaini Herawati, Sst.Ft., S.Pd., M.Sc)
Background: Human being have abilities to adapt with their environmental
changes. It is caused by physiological rhythm process by Suprachiasmatic Nuclei
on Anterior Hypothalamus as circadian pacemaker for 24 hours per day. As a
result, body has an up and down of organs activity, even it is on rest condition,
including cardiovascular activity. So, it is need to know how cardiovasular
circadian rhythm performed by normally people, to give the dose of exercise that
secure and appropriate with cardiovascular fluctuation activity.
Research Aim: To know how circadian rhythm of cardiovascular on Hizbul
Wathan Scouting Movement of Moh. Djazman, Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta is performed.
Research Method: The type of research used in this study is observational
descriptive. The sampling technique used is Purposive Sampling Technique with
the total samples as much as 47 people. Measurement for this circadian rhythm of
cardiovascular (blood pressure and pulse pressure) is done for 4 hours in 3 days.
Research Result: Based on the result of this research, it can be known that blood
pressure and pulse pressure are on the lowest peak at 04.00 am and 16.00 pm,
while the highest peak at 08.00 until 12.00 am and 20.00 until 24.00 pm.
Conclution: Circadian rhythm of cardiovascular (blood pressure and pulse
pressure) on Hizbul Wathan Scouting Movement of Moh. Djazman,
Muhammadiyah University Of Surakarta shows a normal rhythm.
Keywords: Circadian Rhythm, Cardiovascular System
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ...........................................................................................i
HALAMAN PRASYARAT GELAR ................................................................ii
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ...........................................................................iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................iv
HALAMAN DEKLARASI ................................................................................v
HALAMAN MOTTO .........................................................................................vi
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ........................................................................vii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................viii
ABSTRAK .........................................................................................................ix
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................x
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .........................................................................................xii
DAFTAR TABEL ..............................................................................................xiii
DAFTAR BAGAN ............................................................................................xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................1
A. Latar Belakang .................................................................................1
B. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................4
C. Tujuan Penelitian..............................................................................5
D. Manfaat Penelitian ...........................................................................5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .........................................................................6
A. Kerangka Teori .................................................................................6
1. Irama Sirkadian ...........................................................................6
2. Sistem Kardiovaskuler ................................................................10
a. Fisiologi Jantung ....................................................................10
b. Fisiologi Vaskuler ..................................................................13
3. Irama Sirkadian Sistem Kardiovaskuler .....................................15
B. Kerangka Berpikir ............................................................................20
C. Kerangka Konsep .............................................................................21
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BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .....................................................................22
A. Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ......................................................22
B. Waktu Penelitian .............................................................................22
C. Populasi dan Sampel penelitian .......................................................23
D. Variabel penelitian ..........................................................................24
E. Definisi Konseptual .........................................................................24
F. Definisi Operasinal ..........................................................................25
G. Metode Pengumpulan Data .............................................................26
H. Instrumen Penelitian ........................................................................26
I. Langkah Penelitian ..........................................................................27
J. Analisa Data ....................................................................................28
K. Alur Penelitian .................................................................................29
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ...........................................................30
A. Karakteristik Responden .................................................................30
B. Gambaran Irama Sirkadian Normal ................................................31
C. Hasil Pengukuran ............................................................................32
1. Hasil Pengukuran Keseluruhan Responden.................................32
2. Irama Abnormal ..........................................................................35
D. Keterbatasan Penelitian ...................................................................39
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................40
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN PENELITIAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Proses Oscilasi Endogenik .............................................................9
Gambar 2.2 Perubahan Irama Sirkadian Sesuai Kondisi Lingkungan ...............9
Gambar 2.3 Siklus Irama Jantung ......................................................................11
Gambar 2.4 Irama Sirkadian Sistem Kardiovaskuler .........................................16
Gambar 2.5 Gambaran Perubahan Tekanan Darah ............................................17
Gambar 2.6 Perbedaan Irama Sirkadian saat Latihan Fisik dan Istirahat ...........18
Gambar 4.1 Gambaran Irama Sirkadian Tekanan Darah Normal ......................31
Gambar 4.2 Gambaran Irama Sirkadian Sistolik Responden..............................32
Gambar 4.3 Gambaran Irama Sirkadian Diastolik Responden ..........................33
Gambar 4.4 Gambaran Irama sirkadian Denyut Nadi Responden .....................33
Gambar 4.5 Gambaran Irama Sirkadian Responden 6 .......................................35
Gambar 4.6 Gambaran Irama Sirkadian Responden 13 ......................................36
Gambar 4.7 Gambaran Irama Sirkadian Responden 26 .....................................38
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Waktu Penelitian ................................................................................22
Tabel 3.2 Daftar Sampel ....................................................................................24
Tabel 4.1 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin .......................30
Tabel 4.2 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia .......................................30
Tabel 4.3 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan IMT .......................................31
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DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2.1 Kerangka Berpikir .............................................................................20
Bagan 2.2 Kerangka Konsep ..............................................................................21
Bagan 3.1 Alur Penelitian ..................................................................................29
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Karakteristik Responden .................................................................
Lampiran 2 Hasil Gambaran Irama Sirkadian ...................................................
Lampiran 3 Data Nilai Minimum Maksimum ...................................................
Lampiran 4 Data Tabulasi Tekanan Darah Keseluruhan ...................................
Lampiran 5 Data Tabulasi Denyut Nadi Keseluruhan ........................................
Lampiran 6 Data Informed Consent ...................................................................
Lampiran 7 Lembar Panduan Tata Cara Pengukuran ........................................
Lampiran 8 Sertifikat Kalibrasi Alat Penelitian .................................................
Lampiran 9 Surat Lolos Ijin Etik Penelitian ......................................................