Gage R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess · Gage R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and...
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Gage R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Sandra Weixel, BYK-Gardner GmbH
10th BYK-Gardner User Meeting, Innsbruck Austria – April 2013
Page 2, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Surface quality
Color
Effect Orange Peel
Gloss
Distinctness of Image
Page 3; BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Visual Effect Judgement
Appearance of effect finishes depends
on illumination conditions:
Sunny sky: Direct illumination
• Color starts to sparkle
Cloudy sky: Diffused illumination
• Fine versus grainy pattern
Page 4, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Visual Appearance of Effect Finishes under diffused lighting
Graininess:
Texture – Structure – Coarseness – Salt & Pepper
Viewing conditions:
• Diffused light
• Close observation distance
• Observation angle not important
Potential causes of graininess:
• Flake type – flake size
• Disorientation of flakes
• Agglomeration of particles
High
Graininess
Low
Graininess
Page 5, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Visual Appearance of Effect Finishes under direct illumniation
Sparkle: Micro brightness – Glints – Diamonds
Viewing conditions:
• Spotlight ~ direct sun light conditions
• Observation angle critical: Sparkle impression changes
with illumination angle
Sparkle is generated by e.g.:
• Reflectivity of the individual effect
pigment (alu flakes, mica, Xirallics®)
• Amount of effect pigments
• Size of the aluminum flakes
• Flake orientation Sparkle 75°
High
Sparkle
Low
Sparkle
Page 6, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Flake Characterization Evaluation of the optical properties of effect particles
• Camera Analysis: The spatial resolution of the CCD chip correlates to the spatial resolution of the human eye.
• Camera pictures are taken
under different light conditions
to simulate sunny sky and
cloudy sky.
• The sparkling impression is
evaluated under 3-illumination
angles: 15°- 45°-75°
Page 7, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Camera pictures characterize Sparkle and Graininess
Page 8, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Flake Characterization
Analysis of Sparkle Effect:
• Sparkling area is detected Not size
of the individual effect pigment
• Sparkling intensity is measured:
How strong is the light flash of the
effect pigment
• Total Sparkle Grade is determined as a
function of Sparkle area and Sparkle intensity
Page 9, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Sparkle Tolerance Model
Tolerance within Grade > Tol. Grade to Grade
Tol_GF x Tol_Gr = 2 x 1
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
-12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
S = Total Sparkle Difference
• 2 - dimensional distance to standard
• Weighted with length of ellipse axis
Tol_S sets tolerance: Sparkle < Tol_S PASS
Sparkle > Tol_S FAIL
2
2
2
1
_*_
),,,(
_
),,,(
GFTolGrTol
dSiSidSaSaf
GrTol
dSiSidSaSafdS StdStdStdStd
Page 10, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Flake Characterization
Analysis of Graininess Effect:
• Uniformity of light/dark areas is
evaluated and summarized in
a Graininess value
fine
grainy
4
8
2
6
12
10
15
14
0
• 1-dimensional scale:
relative dimension
• Solid color (very uniform)
Graininess = 0
Page 11, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Panels Influence of Number of Readings
● 6 full shade silver panels with different flake size: Metallux 2197 / 2194 / 3540 / 2153 / 214 / 212
Sparkle Graininess
Page 12, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Panels Influence of Number of Readings
Test conditions:
● Size of test panel 15 x 10 cm – 1 Operator
● Standard = Average of 5 readings
Std
Std
Std Std
Std
● Panel was re-measured with 6 single readings
Test results:
● Sparkle and Graininess using
- Single readings
- Average of 3 readings
- Average of 5 readings
Page 13, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Panels Metallux 2194 (12 µm): Single readings
dS15° dS45° dS75° dSi15° dSi45° dSi75° dSa15° dSa45° dSa75° dG
Measurement_1 0,10 0,34 0,19 -0,01 -0,95 -0,23 -0,65 -0,32 -0,87 -0,05
Measurement_2 0,24 0,11 0,09 -0,70 -0,02 -0,26 -0,16 0,75 -0,04 -0,03
Measurement_3 0,28 0,16 0,05 0,08 -0,08 -0,07 1,68 -1,00 0,42 0,00
Measurement_4 0,09 0,22 0,13 -0,35 -0,52 -0,21 0,45 -0,44 -0,46 -0,01
Measurement_5 0,04 0,04 0,13 -0,10 0,11 0,20 0,36 -0,28 0,55 0,12
Measurement_6 0,09 0,07 0,05 -0,17 0,20 -0,02 0,75 -0,58 0,37 -0,01
Si15° Si45° Si75° Sa15° Sa45° Sa75° G
6,26 7,31 7,32 17,64 23,92 21,22 4,35
Page 14, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Panels Metallux 2194 (12 µm): Average of 3 readings
dS15° dS45° dS75° dSi15° dSi45° dSi75° dSa15° dSa45° dSa75° dG
Average_1 0,05 0,13 0,08 -0,21 -0,35 -0,18 0,29 -0,19 -0,16 -0,03
Average_2 0,04 0,18 0,06 -0,15 -0,45 -0,08 0,06 -0,35 -0,26 0,02
Average_3 0,02 0,11 0,00 -0,09 -0,21 -0,02 0,16 -0,39 0,02 0,02
Average_4 0,09 0,09 0,06 -0,32 -0,21 -0,18 0,66 -0,23 -0,03 -0,01
Average_5 0,10 0,05 0,03 -0,38 -0,14 -0,09 0,22 0,01 0,02 0,02
Average_6 0,08 0,03 0,04 -0,32 0,10 -0,03 0,32 -0,04 0,29 0,02
Si15° Si45° Si75° Sa15° Sa45° Sa75° G
6,26 7,31 7,32 17,64 23,92 21,22 4,35
Page 15, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Panels Metallux 2194 (12 µm): Average of 5 readings
dS15° dS45° dS75° dSi15° dSi45° dSi75° dSa15° dSa45° dSa75° dG
Average_1 0,05 0,12 0,05 -0,22 -0,29 -0,11 0,34 -0,26 -0,08 0,01
Average_2 0,06 0,14 0,02 -0,11 -0,25 -0,07 0,52 -0,52 0,00 0,01
Average_3 0,08 0,06 0,02 -0,25 -0,06 -0,07 0,62 -0,31 0,17 0,01
Average_4 0,06 0,12 0,06 -0,23 -0,28 -0,16 0,41 -0,32 -0,12 -0,02
Average_5 0,05 0,08 0,02 -0,18 -0,15 -0,08 0,40 -0,28 0,09 0,00
Average_6 0,07 0,10 0,04 -0,26 -0,24 -0,10 0,15 -0,17 -0,09 0,00
Si15° Si45° Si75° Sa15° Sa45° Sa75° G
6,26 7,31 7,32 17,64 23,92 21,22 4,35
Page 16, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Panels Metallux 2153 (25 µm): Single readings
dS15° dS45° dS75° dSi15° dSi45° dSi75° dSa15° dSa45° dSa75° dG
Measurement_1 0,26 0,14 0,23 -0,91 0,05 -1,29 0,06 0,72 0,32 -0,03
Measurement_2 0,24 0,18 0,19 -0,99 -0,33 -1,46 0,44 -0,61 1,07 -0,05
Measurement_3 0,24 0,57 0,76 -0,11 -0,95 -4,05 -1,29 -1,97 0,64 -0,15
Measurement_4 0,27 1,07 0,17 -0,45 6,05 -1,01 -0,92 -3,11 1,49 0,01
Measurement_5 0,29 0,60 0,13 -1,08 2,52 -1,01 0,24 -0,06 0,77 0,05
Measurement_6 0,41 0,40 0,69 -0,85 0,05 -3,91 -1,10 -2,20 0,98 -0,19
Si15° Si45° Si75° Sa15° Sa45° Sa75° G
14,91 19,59 16,5 30,87 27,33 18,85 6,15
Page 17, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Panels Metallux 2153 (25 µm): Average of 3 readings
dS15° dS45° dS75° dSi15° dSi45° dSi75° dSa15° dSa45° dSa75° dG
Average_1 0,23 0,20 0,38 -0,67 -0,41 -2,27 -0,26 -0,62 0,68 -0,08
Average_2 0,27 0,59 0,14 -0,81 2,87 -1,10 -0,21 -0,82 0,86 0,01
Average_3 0,31 0,15 0,34 -0,95 0,87 -2,07 -0,27 -0,51 0,69 -0,06
Average_4 0,23 0,24 0,32 -0,52 1,59 -2,17 -0,59 -1,90 1,07 -0,06
Average_5 0,26 0,50 0,15 -0,84 2,74 -1,16 -0,08 -1,26 1,11 0,01
Average_6 0,30 0,12 0,32 -0,97 0,74 -2,13 -0,14 -0,96 0,94 -0,06
Si15° Si45° Si75° Sa15° Sa45° Sa75° G
14,91 19,59 16,5 30,87 27,33 18,85 6,15
Page 18, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Panels Metallux 2153 (25 µm): Average of 5 readings
dS15° dS45° dS75° dSi15° dSi45° dSi75° dSa15° dSa45° dSa75° dG
Average_1 0,25 0,24 0,26 -0,71 1,47 -1,76 -0,29 -1,01 0,86 -0,03
Average_2 0,28 0,24 0,36 -0,68 1,54 -2,25 -0,60 -1,32 0,84 -0,06
Average_3 0,28 0,22 0,35 -0,69 1,47 -2,29 -0,53 -1,59 0,99 -0,06
Average_4 0,27 0,17 0,37 -0,66 0,97 -2,35 -0,56 -1,43 0,90 -0,08
Average_5 0,27 0,11 0,39 -0,79 0,27 -2,34 -0,33 -0,82 0,76 -0,07
Average_6 0,28 0,28 0,25 -0,86 1,67 -1,74 -0,26 -1,05 0,93 -0,04
Si15° Si45° Si75° Sa15° Sa45° Sa75° G
14,91 19,59 16,5 30,87 27,33 18,85 6,15
Page 23, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Panels Metallux 212 (54 µm): Single readings
Si15° Si45° Si75° Sa15° Sa45° Sa75° G
28,31 30,4 24,46 41,04 25,1 20,67 9,66
dS15° dS45° dS75° dSi15° dSi45° dSi75° dSa15° dSa45° dSa75° dG
Measurement_1 0,09 0,58 0,68 0,44 -4,20 -4,98 -0,15 1,42 1,78 0,00
Measurement_2 0,17 0,30 0,32 -0,73 1,33 2,63 0,04 0,27 -1,31 -0,13
Measurement_3 0,06 0,64 0,16 0,36 3,49 1,18 -0,49 -0,10 -1,25 -0,11
Measurement_4 0,20 0,33 0,32 -0,64 0,54 -0,52 -0,28 1,12 -1,07 -0,05
Measurement_5 0,08 0,46 0,66 0,34 1,68 -4,36 -0,06 0,73 1,02 -0,08
Measurement_6 0,31 0,90 0,81 -0,22 -6,58 -5,88 -1,40 2,29 1,99 -0,13
Page 20, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Panels Metallux 212 (54 µm): Average of 3 readings
dS15° dS45° dS75° dSi15° dSi45° dSi75° dSa15° dSa45° dSa75° dG
Average_1 0,03 0,15 0,12 0,02 0,21 -0,39 -0,20 0,53 -0,26 -0,08
Average_2 0,10 0,36 0,23 -0,34 1,19 -0,75 -0,10 0,71 -0,45 -0,09
Average_3 0,07 0,37 0,72 0,19 -3,03 -5,07 -0,54 1,48 1,60 -0,07
Average_4 0,12 0,42 0,16 -0,34 1,79 1,10 -0,25 0,43 -1,21 -0,10
Average_5 0,10 0,36 0,23 -0,34 1,19 -0,75 -0,10 0,71 -0,45 -0,09
Average_6 0,13 0,15 0,39 -0,20 -1,19 -2,54 -0,47 1,10 0,57 -0,11
Si15° Si45° Si75° Sa15° Sa45° Sa75° G
28,31 30,4 24,46 41,04 25,1 20,67 9,66
Page 21, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Panels Metallux 212 (54 µm): Average of 5 readings
dS15° dS45° dS75° dSi15° dSi45° dSi75° dSa15° dSa45° dSa75° dG
Average_1 0,04 0,25 0,26 -0,05 0,57 -1,21 -0,19 0,69 -0,17 -0,07
Average_2 0,08 0,15 0,47 0,05 -1,01 -2,91 -0,48 1,09 0,49 -0,07
Average_3 0,12 0,21 0,29 -0,18 0,09 -1,39 -0,44 0,87 -0,12 -0,10
Average_4 0,12 0,14 0,28 -0,16 -1,08 -1,51 -0,46 1,00 0,03 -0,08
Average_5 0,07 0,12 0,36 0,04 -0,85 -2,28 -0,41 0,92 0,44 -0,09
Average_6 0,10 0,17 0,42 -0,16 -1,44 -2,62 -0,37 1,17 0,48 -0,08
Si15° Si45° Si75° Sa15° Sa45° Sa75° G
28,31 30,4 24,46 41,04 25,1 20,67 9,66
Best Practice
Average of 5
Readings
Page 22, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Bumpers Darkblue Metallic
Test conditions:
●1 Operator – matching points with car body
●Average of 3 readings per measurement location – repeated 3 times
1 3
2
Page 23, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Bumpers Darkblue Metallic – Position
Individual readings are compared to the
average of the three readings
Sparkle < 20% of tolerance
Graininess < 10% of tolerance
1
Page 24, BYK-Gardner GmbH, R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Repeatability of Sparkle and Graininess on Bumpers Darkblue Metallic – Position
Individual readings are compared to the
average of the three readings
Sparkle < 10% of tolerance
Graininess < 10% of tolerance
2
Page 25, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R Studies Repeatability and Reproducibility
● 10 Samples, 3 Users and 3 Trials each
● Analysis of the Gage measurement capability with samples of the
actual production process and different operators
Operator A: user I B: user II C: user IIISample # 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Range 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Range 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Range
1 6,0 6,4 6,4 0,4 6,6 6,6 6,1 0,5 6,4 6,2 6,4 0,2
2 3,5 3,8 3,8 0,3 4,1 3,5 3,7 0,6 3,7 3,7 3,4 0,3
3 3,0 3,0 3,1 0,1 2,9 3,1 2,7 0,4 2,7 2,9 2,9 0,2
4 2,3 2,3 2,5 0,2 2,6 2,5 2,5 0,1 2,3 2,3 2,5 0,2
5 4,4 4,4 3,9 0,5 4,2 3,9 4,6 0,7 4,3 4,5 4,5 0,2
6 6,8 7,2 6,9 0,4 6,5 6,9 6,8 0,4 6,5 6,6 6,6 0,1
7 5,5 5,0 5,3 0,5 5,3 5,5 5,4 0,2 5,1 5,3 5,5 0,4
8 4,0 3,9 3,8 0,2 4,0 3,7 4,4 0,7 3,9 3,9 3,9 0,0
9 2,9 2,8 3,1 0,3 2,6 2,7 2,8 0,2 2,6 2,7 2,9 0,3
10 5,4 5,8 5,8 0,4 6,2 6,3 6,0 0,3 6,5 6,4 6,3 0,2
Page 26, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R Studies Equipment Variation EV
● RP (Max - Min): Range for Parts (-> Distinct Categories)
● RA, RB, RC: Range per Operator
R = Average (RA, RB, RC)
Equipment Variation EV: R x K1
1
K1 : Factor dependend on no. of trials
Page 27, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R Studies Equipment Variation EV
3
Gage Repeatability And Reproducibility Data Sheet 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Operator A: Operator A B: Operator B C: Operator C Part
Sample # 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Range 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Range 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Range Average
1 1,2 1,2 1,1 0,09 1,3 1,1 1,1 0,15 1,3 1,2 1,4 0,13 1,22
2 0,6 0,4 0,5 0,17 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,17 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,04 0,52
3 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,16 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,07 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,07 0,20
4 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,08 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,11 0,3 0,4 0,2 0,15 0,31
5 1,9 1,9 2,0 0,10 2,0 2,0 1,9 0,13 1,8 1,8 2,0 0,15 1,90
6 0,3 0,6 0,6 0,31 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,08 0,5 0,4 0,6 0,13 0,49
7 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,12 0,8 0,7 0,5 0,25 0,7 0,6 0,7 0,11 0,69
8 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,11 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,03 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,08 0,25
9 2,3 2,3 2,1 0,18 2,4 2,4 2,2 0,14 2,3 2,5 2,3 0,20 2,30
10 2,1 2,0 2,2 0,14 2,2 2,2 2,1 0,04 2,2 2,2 2,1 0,12 2,13
Totals 9,95 9,98 10,04 1,46 10,31 9,92 9,52 1,17 10,21 9,99 10,07 1,18 1,00 X
9,95 0,146 10,31 0,117 10,21 0,118 2,11
10,04 9,52 10,07
Sum 29,97 Sum 29,75 Sum 30,27
XA 1,00 RA XB 0,99 RB XC 1,01 RC Rp
RA 0,146 # Trials D4 Max. X 1,01
RB 0,117 2 3,27 ( R ) x ( D4 ) = UCLR Min. X 0,99
RC 0,118 3 2,57 0,13 2,57 0,33 X Diff. 0,02
Sum 0,381
R 0,13
Page 28, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R Studies Appraiser Variation AV
Appraiser Variation AV: (Xdiff x K2)2 - EV2
XA: Average of all readings Operator A
2
XB: Average of all readings Operator B
XC: Average of all readings Operator C
Xdiff: Range (Max-Min) of Operator A - C
K2 : Factor dependend on No. of operators
Page 29, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R Studies Appraiser Variation AV
3
Gage Repeatability And Reproducibility Data Sheet 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Operator A: Operator A B: Operator B C: Operator C Part
Sample # 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Range 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Range 1st Trial 2nd Trial 3rd Trial Range Average
1 1,2 1,2 1,1 0,09 1,3 1,1 1,1 0,15 1,3 1,2 1,4 0,13 1,22
2 0,6 0,4 0,5 0,17 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,17 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,04 0,52
3 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,16 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,07 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,07 0,20
4 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,08 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,11 0,3 0,4 0,2 0,15 0,31
5 1,9 1,9 2,0 0,10 2,0 2,0 1,9 0,13 1,8 1,8 2,0 0,15 1,90
6 0,3 0,6 0,6 0,31 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,08 0,5 0,4 0,6 0,13 0,49
7 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,12 0,8 0,7 0,5 0,25 0,7 0,6 0,7 0,11 0,69
8 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,11 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,03 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,08 0,25
9 2,3 2,3 2,1 0,18 2,4 2,4 2,2 0,14 2,3 2,5 2,3 0,20 2,30
10 2,1 2,0 2,2 0,14 2,2 2,2 2,1 0,04 2,2 2,2 2,1 0,12 2,13
Totals 9,95 9,98 10,04 1,46 10,31 9,92 9,52 1,17 10,21 9,99 10,07 1,18 1,00 X
9,95 0,146 10,31 0,117 10,21 0,118 2,11
10,04 9,52 10,07
Sum 29,97 Sum 29,75 Sum 30,27
XA 1,00 RA XB 0,99 RB XC 1,01 RC Rp
RA 0,146 # Trials D4 Max. X 1,01
RB 0,117 2 3,27 ( R ) x ( D4 ) = UCLR Min. X 0,99
RC 0,118 3 2,57 0,13 2,57 0,33 X Diff. 0,02
Sum 0,381
R 0,13
Page 30, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R Studies Repeatability and Reproducibility R&R
Repeatability & Reproducibility R&R: EV2 + AV2 3
% R&R = x 100 % R & R
Total Variation ( )
TV = R&R2 + PV2
Part Variation PV = Rp (Range Parts) x Factor
Panel Set Variation:
Equipment + Operator + Parts
Page 31, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R Studies Repeatability and Reproducibility R&R
Conclusion: % EV, % AV, % R&R
● %R&R < 10% Pass
● %R&R 10…30% Conditional Pass
● %R&R > 30% Fail - needs improvement, e.g.:
● Sample Track/Holder
● Operator training
● Sample selection
Page 32, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R Studies Number of Distinct Categories NDC
● Rule: The 10 parts should cover the Spec Tolerance, otherwise
identical parts will cause high %R&R.
● If not enough parts are used, part variation will be small and
magnify the appraiser/equipment variation.
● If NDC is less than 5, there is not enough part variation to enable
an accurate study.
NDC = x Factor PV
R & R ( )
Page 33, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R for Sparkle and Graininess on Batch Panels
Sample Material
● Automotive batch panels of various colors
Test conditions:
●10 Samples, 3 Users and 3 Trials each
●Average of 5 readings per panel
Sparkle Graininess
Page 34, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R for Sparkle 15°/45°/75° on Batch Panels
Gage R&R Based On Panel Set Variation
Rp = 2,11
% E.V. = 100 [EV/TV] = 11,28 %
PV = 3,41
% A.V. = 100 [AV/TV] = 0,00 %
TV = (R&R) 2̂ + (PV) 2̂
= 3,433 % R&R. = 100 [R&R/TV] = 11,28 %
● %R&R 10…30% Conditional Pass
Gage R&R Based On Panel Set Variation
Rp = 2,32
% E.V. = 100 [EV/TV] = 15,00 %
PV = 3,75
% A.V. = 100 [AV/TV] = 0,00 %
TV = (R&R) 2̂ + (PV) 2̂
= 3,796 % R&R. = 100 [R&R/TV] = 15,00 %
Sparkle 15°
Sparkle 75°
Gage R&R Based On Panel Set Variation
Rp = 2,97
% E.V. = 100 [EV/TV] = 7,63 %
PV = 4,81
% A.V. = 100 [AV/TV] = 0,00 %
TV = (R&R) 2̂ + (PV) 2̂
= 4,822 % R&R. = 100 [R&R/TV] = 7,63 %
Sparkle 45°
● %R&R < 10% Pass
Page 35, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R Based On Panel Set Variation
Rp = 2,66
% E.V. = 100 [EV/TV] = 2,81 %
PV = 4,31
% A.V. = 100 [AV/TV] = 1,12 %
TV = (R&R) 2̂ + (PV) 2̂
= 4,308 % R&R. = 100 [R&R/TV] = 3,02 %
Gage R&R for Graininess on Batch Panels
● %R&R < 10% Pass
Page 36, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R for Sparkle and Graininess on small Add-on Parts
Sample Material
●Automotive door handles – handle caps – mirror housings
●Colors: Metallic Red and Light Silver
Test conditions:
●7 Samples, 3 Users and 3 Trials each minimum requirement
●Average of 3 readings per sample
●BYK-mac 12 mm with sample holder
Page 37, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R for Sparkle and Graininess on small Add-on Parts
Page 38, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R for Sparkle 15° on small Add-on Parts
Gage R&R Based On Panel Set Variation
Rp = 2,45
% E.V. = 100 [EV/TV] = 14,60 %
PV = 3,97
% A.V. = 100 [AV/TV] = 1,73 %
TV = (R&R) 2̂ + (PV) 2̂
= 4,009 % R&R. = 100 [R&R/TV] = 14,70 %
● %R&R 10…30% Conditional Pass
Page 39, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R for Sparkle 45° and 75° on small Add-on Parts
Gage R&R Based On Panel Set Variation
Rp = 0,67
% E.V. = 100 [EV/TV] = 39,87 %
PV = 1,09
% A.V. = 100 [AV/TV] = 0,00 %
TV = (R&R) 2̂ + (PV) 2̂
= 1,187 % R&R. = 100 [R&R/TV] = 39,87 %
Gage R&R Based On Panel Set Variation
Rp = 0,68
% E.V. = 100 [EV/TV] = 71,88 %
PV = 1,10
% A.V. = 100 [AV/TV] = 18,86 %
TV = (R&R) 2̂ + (PV) 2̂
= 1,641 % R&R. = 100 [R&R/TV] = 74,31 %
● %R&R > 30% Fail
● Samples show only a very low sparkling effect
● Part Variation is very low: 1.09 / 1.10
● NDC is too low: 3 / 1
Samples cannot be used for accurate study on Sparkle 45° & 75°
Page 40, BYK-Gardner R&R Capability Study of Sparkle and Graininess
Gage R&R for Graininess on small Add-on Parts
● %R&R 10…30% Conditional Pass
Gage R&R Based On Panel Set Variation
Rp = 1,15
% E.V. = 100 [EV/TV] = 9,41 %
PV = 1,87
% A.V. = 100 [AV/TV] = 8,71 %
TV = (R&R) 2̂ + (PV) 2̂
= 1,882 % R&R. = 100 [R&R/TV] = 12,83 %
Thank you for your attention