GAC Filters for More Than Just TOC Removal · 2018-04-02 · • Cationic DADMAC Polymer prior to...
Transcript of GAC Filters for More Than Just TOC Removal · 2018-04-02 · • Cationic DADMAC Polymer prior to...
2/18/2014
1
1
GAC Filters for More
Than Just TOC Removal
City of Phoenix
Brian Fayle
Deer Valley and 24th Street WTP’s
• Excellent Filtered Water Turbidity…providing the filter influent zeta potential is optimized
• Good for Short Term TOC Reductions
• Great for Long Term Chlorite Reductions
• Great for Long Term THM Reductions in the Reservoir Effluent and Distribution System When Practicing Pre-Oxidation
Benefits of GAC Filters
2/18/2014
2
3
Initial Implementation of GAC Filters
at the Deer Valley WTP Was Not Easy
• Deer Valley Started up Brand New Actiflo and GAC Filter Processes Simultaneously.
• Actiflo Effluent Filterability Issues
• Actiflo Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer Created Extreme Negatively Charged Effluent, which caused High Filter Effluent Turbidity.
• Actiflo Cationic Polyacrylamide Polymer Created Excellent Filtered Water Turbidity, but Caused Extreme Filter Plugging Problems.
• Actiflo Effluent Ideal Chemical Combination
• Cationic DADMAC Polymer (Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride) Prior to Actifo, Anionic Emulsion Actiflo Polymer, and Post Actiflo Ferric
Deer Valley WTP GAC Filter Effluent NTU's at Start Up of Actiflo Process The Anionic Polymer Created Poorly Filterable Negatively Charged Water
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
11/14/10
7:0
0 AM
11/14/10
7:3
0 AM
11/14/10
8:0
0 AM
11/14/10
8:3
0 AM
11/14/10
9:0
0 AM
11/14/10
9:3
0 AM
11/14/10
10:
00 A
M
11/14/10
10:
30 A
M
11/14/10
11:
00 A
M
11/14/10
11:
30 A
M
11/14/10
12:
00 P
M
NT
U's
Filter
1
Filter
2
Filter
3
Filter
4
Actiflo Chemicals:Anionic Emulsion Polymer
Ferric Chloride 35 ppm
Filter Aid:Ferric Chloride 3 ppm
Start Up
Actiflo
Bypassing Filters
7 AM - 8:15 AM
Plant Shutdown
Due to
High Filter
Effluent NTU's
4
2/18/2014
3
Deer Valley Daily Average NTU
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
1/1
/11
1/3
0/1
1
2/2
8/1
1
3/2
9/1
1
4/2
7/1
1
5/2
6/1
1
6/2
5/1
1
7/2
4/1
1
8/2
2/1
1
9/2
0/1
1
10/1
9/1
1
11/1
7/1
1
12/1
7/1
1
1/1
5/1
2
2/1
3/1
2
3/1
3/1
2
4/1
1/1
2
5/1
0/1
2
6/9
/12
7/8
/12
8/6
/12
9/4
/12
10/3
/12
11/1
/12
12/1
/12
12/3
0/1
2
1/2
8/1
3
2/2
6/1
3
3/2
7/1
3
4/2
5/1
3
5/2
5/1
3
6/2
3/1
3
7/2
2/1
3
8/2
0/1
3
9/1
8/1
3
10/1
7/1
3
11/1
6/1
3
Co
mb
Flt
Eff
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Co
mb
Flt
In
f
Comb Flt Eff
Daily Average
NTU
Comb Flt Inf
Daily Average
NTU
5
Deer Valley Hourly NTU’s During a Turbidity Event GAC Filters Can Limit Turbidity Breakthrough
if Zeta Potentials are Optimized
0.05
0.07
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
9/1
0/1
3 1
0:0
0 P
M
9/1
1/1
3 1
2:0
0 A
M
9/1
1/1
3 2
:00
AM
9/1
1/1
3 4
:00
AM
9/1
1/1
3 6
:00
AM
9/1
1/1
3 8
:00
AM
9/1
1/1
3 1
0:0
0 A
M
9/1
1/1
3 1
2:0
0 P
M
9/1
1/1
3 2
:00
PM
9/1
1/1
3 4
:00
PM
9/1
1/1
3 6
:00
PM
9/1
1/1
3 8
:00
PM
9/1
1/1
3 1
0:0
0 P
M
9/1
2/1
3 1
2:0
0 A
M
9/1
2/1
3 2
:00
AM
9/1
2/1
3 4
:00
AM
9/1
2/1
3 6
:00
AM
9/1
2/1
3 8
:00
AM
9/1
2/1
3 1
0:0
0 A
M
9/1
2/1
3 1
2:0
0 P
M
9/1
2/1
3 2
:00
PM
9/1
2/1
3 4
:00
PM
9/1
2/1
3 6
:00
PM
9/1
2/1
3 8
:00
PM
9/1
2/1
3 1
0:0
0 P
M
Co
mb
Flt
Eff
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Co
mb
Flt
In
f
Comb Flt
Eff
NTU
Comb Flt
Inf
NTU
6
2/18/2014
4
24th Street Daily Average NTU
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
1/1
/20
12
2/1
/20
12
3/1
/20
12
4/1
/20
12
5/1
/20
12
6/1
/20
12
7/1
/20
12
8/1
/20
12
9/1
/20
12
10
/1/2
01
2
11
/1/2
01
2
12
/1/2
01
2
1/1
/20
13
2/1
/20
13
3/1
/20
13
4/1
/20
13
5/1
/20
13
6/1
/20
13
7/1
/20
13
8/1
/20
13
9/1
/20
13
10
/1/2
01
3
11
/1/2
01
3
Co
mb
Flt
Eff
-0.10
0.10
0.30
0.50
0.70
0.90
1.10
1.30
Co
mb
Flt
In
f
Comb Flt
Eff
NTU
Comb Flt
Inf
NTU
7
• Turbidity Breakthrough Possible–Very Negative Zeta
• Ferric and Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer at Actiflo
• Additional Ferric On Filters
• Extremely Plugged Filters
• Ferric and Cationic Polyacrylamide Polymer at Actiflo
• Finally Figured It Out – Good Turbidity Removal and Filter Run Times
• Cationic DADMAC Polymer prior to Actiflo to help Zeta P.
• Ferric and Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer at Actiflo
• Additional Ferric On Filters
Turbidity Recap
Actiflo and GAC Filters
2/18/2014
5
Deer Valley WTP GAC Media TOC Exhaustion Curve
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.252
/9/2
01
1
3/9
/20
11
4/9
/20
11
5/9
/20
11
6/9
/20
11
7/9
/20
11
8/9
/20
11
9/9
/20
11
10
/9/2
01
1
11
/9/2
01
1
12
/9/2
01
1
1/9
/20
12
2/9
/20
12
3/9
/20
12
4/9
/20
12
5/9
/20
12
6/9
/20
12
7/9
/20
12
8/9
/20
12
9/9
/20
12
10
/9/2
01
2
11
/9/2
01
2
12
/9/2
01
2
1/9
/20
13
2/9
/20
13
3/9
/20
13
4/9
/20
13
5/9
/20
13
6/9
/20
13
7/9
/20
13
8/9
/20
13
9/9
/20
13
10
/9/2
01
3
11
/9/2
01
3
Sand
Ballasted
Flocculation
Eff
TOC
PPM
Combined
Filter Eff
TOC
PPM
Plant
Shutdown
GAC Filters Exhausted at
7.5 Months
(117 Average Filter Run
Days)
Placed 4 Regenerated
Filters in Service at
216 Average Filter
Run Days
2 On-line at a Time
(2 Duty
2 Standby)
Placed 2 Regenerated
Filters in Service at
363 Average Filter
Run Days
1 On-line at a Time
(1 Duty
1 Standby)
9
Deer Valley WTP – 4 Regen Filters Placed In Service .31 PPM TOC Reduction
1.57
1.88
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
8/1
5/2
01
2
8/1
6/2
01
2
8/1
7/2
01
2
8/1
8/2
01
2
8/1
9/2
01
2
8/2
0/2
01
2
8/2
1/2
01
2
8/2
2/2
01
2
8/2
3/2
01
2
8/2
4/2
01
2
8/2
5/2
01
2
8/2
6/2
01
2
8/2
7/2
01
2
8/2
8/2
01
2
8/2
9/2
01
2
8/3
0/2
01
2
8/3
1/2
01
2
9/1
/20
12
9/2
/20
12
9/3
/20
12
9/4
/20
12
9/5
/20
12
9/6
/20
12
9/7
/20
12
9/8
/20
12
9/9
/20
12
9/1
0/2
01
2
9/1
1/2
01
2
9/1
2/2
01
2
9/1
3/2
01
2
9/1
4/2
01
2
9/1
5/2
01
2
Sand BallastedFlocculationEffTOCPPM
CombinedFilter EffTOCPPM
Raw TOCPlaced 4 Regenerated Filters in Service at
216 Average Filter Run Days
2 On-line at a Time
2 Duty - 2 Standby
.31 ppm TOC Reduction
10
2/18/2014
6
Deer Valley WTP – 2 Regen Filters Placed In Service .21 PPM TOC Reduction
2.12
2.33
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
4.50
4.75
10/1
/2013
10/2
/2013
10/3
/2013
10/4
/2013
10/5
/2013
10/6
/2013
10/7
/2013
10/8
/2013
10/9
/2013
10/1
0/2
013
10/1
1/2
013
10/1
2/2
013
10/1
3/2
013
10/1
4/2
013
10/1
5/2
013
10/1
6/2
013
10/1
7/2
013
10/1
8/2
013
10/1
9/2
013
10/2
0/2
013
10/2
1/2
013
10/2
2/2
013
10/2
3/2
013
10/2
4/2
013
10/2
5/2
013
10/2
6/2
013
10/2
7/2
013
10/2
8/2
013
10/2
9/2
013
10/3
0/2
013
10/3
1/2
013
SandBallastedFlocculationEffTOCPPM
CombinedFilter EffTOCPPM
Raw TOCPlaced 2 Regenerated Filters in Service
at 363 Average Filter Run Days
1 On-line at a Time
(1 Duty - 1 Standy)
.21 ppm TOC Reduction
Increased Ferric
from 20 to 30
ppm for better
TOC removal
11
24th Street WTP GAC Media TOC Exhaustion Curve
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
2/7
/12
3/7
/12
4/7
/12
5/7
/12
6/7
/12
7/7
/12
8/7
/12
9/7
/12
10/7
/12
11/7
/12
12/7
/12
1/7
/13
2/7
/13
3/7
/13
4/7
/13
5/7
/13
6/7
/13
7/7
/13
8/7
/13
9/7
/13
10/7
/13
11/7
/13
Final Sed
Eff
TOC
PPM
Comb.
Filter Eff
TOC
PPMGAC Filters Exhausted
from a TOC Removal
Perspective at 4.5 Months
12
2/18/2014
7
• All 18 of Deer Valley’s GAC Filters Were Considered Exhausted from a TOC Removal Perspective at 7.5 Calendar Months. (117 average filter run days based on actual filtration time)
• All 16 of 24th Street’s GAC Filters Were Considered Exhausted from a TOC Removal Perspective at 4.5 Calendar Months.
TOC Recap
Deer Valley WTP GAC Media Chlorite Exhaustion Curve
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
2/9
/20
11
3/9
/20
11
4/9
/20
11
5/9
/20
11
6/9
/20
11
7/9
/20
11
8/9
/20
11
9/9
/20
11
10
/9/2
01
1
11
/9/2
01
1
12
/9/2
01
1
1/9
/20
12
2/9
/20
12
3/9
/20
12
4/9
/20
12
5/9
/20
12
6/9
/20
12
7/9
/20
12
8/9
/20
12
9/9
/20
12
10
/9/2
01
2
11
/9/2
01
2
12
/9/2
01
2
1/9
/20
13
2/9
/20
13
3/9
/20
13
4/9
/20
13
5/9
/20
13
6/9
/20
13
7/9
/20
13
8/9
/20
13
9/9
/20
13
10
/9/2
01
3
11
/9/2
01
3
Sand Ballasted
Flocculation Eff
Chlorite
PPM
Combined
Filter Eff
Chlorite
PPM
EPDS
Chlorite
PPM
Plant
Shutdown
Increased
Chlorine Dioxide Dose
Placed 4 Regenerated Filters
Inservice - 2 Duty - 2 Standby
Placed 2 Regenerated Filters
Inservice - 1 Duty - 1 Standby
Zoomed in View
on Next Slide
Chlorite Exhaustion Curve
Levels of after 18 Months
Excluding Plant Shutdowns
14
2/18/2014
8
Deer Valley WTP - Filter Eff and EPDS Chlorite Residuals go to Zero When Chlorite Applied to the GAC Media Goes to Zero
GAC Media Does NOT Leach Chlorite
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.79
/9/1
3
9/1
0/1
3
9/1
1/1
3
9/1
2/1
3
9/1
3/1
3
9/1
4/1
3
9/1
5/1
3
9/1
6/1
3
9/1
7/1
3
9/1
8/1
3
9/1
9/1
3
9/2
0/1
3
9/2
1/1
3
9/2
2/1
3
9/2
3/1
3
9/2
4/1
3
9/2
5/1
3
9/2
6/1
3
9/2
7/1
3
9/2
8/1
3
9/2
9/1
3
9/3
0/1
3
10
/1/1
3
10
/2/1
3
10
/3/1
3
10
/4/1
3
Sand Ballasted
Flocculation Eff
Chlorite
PPM
Combined
Filter Eff
Chlorite
PPM
EPDS
Chlorite
PPM
15
24th Street WTP GAC Media Chlorite Exhaustion Curve
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
2/7
/12
3/7
/12
4/7
/12
5/7
/12
6/7
/12
7/7
/12
8/7
/12
9/7
/12
10
/7/1
2
11
/7/1
2
12
/7/1
2
1/7
/13
2/7
/13
3/7
/13
4/7
/13
5/7
/13
6/7
/13
7/7
/13
8/7
/13
9/7
/13
10
/7/1
3
11
/7/1
3
Final Sed
Eff
Chlorite
PPM
EPDS
Chlorite
PPM
GAC Filters Chlorite Adsorption
Levels Off at 10 Months
16
2/18/2014
9
• Deer Valley’s GAC Media Still Removes Chlorite from
.6 to less than .2 ppm After 27 Months of Usage (6
regenerations)
• 24th Street’s GAC Media Still Removes Chlorite from .6
to less than .3 ppm After 20 Months of Usage (0
regenerations)
• Once the Applied Chlorite on top of the GAC Media is
Removed, the Chlorite Leaving the GAC Media is
Removed (GAC does not leach chlorite)
Chlorite Recap
• 30% - 40% THM Reductions at the Reservoir Effluent as Well as the Far Reaches of the Distribution System.
• Iron / Manganese Oxidation Prior to Filtration
• Very Economical
• Can Reduce GAC Regeneration Frequency (Big $)
---THM Reduction Intro---
Why are Municipalities Starting to Use
Pre-chlorination / Pre-oxidation Prior to
GAC
2/18/2014
10
2012 DV & 24th Street Mixed Oxidants Off - On - Off and Corresponding Distribution System TTHM's
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
6/1
8/1
2
6/2
2/1
2
6/2
6/1
2
6/3
0/1
2
7/4
/12
7/8
/12
7/1
2/1
2
7/1
6/1
2
7/2
0/1
2
7/2
4/1
2
7/2
8/1
2
8/1
/12
8/5
/12
8/9
/12
8/1
3/1
2
8/1
7/1
2
8/2
1/1
2
TT
HM
's
24th
EPDS
0 Hour
TTHM'sDV
0 Hour
TTHM
Site
620
Site
20
Site
910
Site
1060
Site
1350
Site
1040
Site
950
Mixed
Oxidants
OFF
Mixed
Oxidants
ON
Mixed
Oxidants
OFF
Mixed
Oxidants
ON
2013 DV & 24th Street Mixed Oxidants On - Off - On and Corresponding Distribution System TTHM's
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
5/1
/13
5/5
/13
5/9
/13
5/1
3/1
3
5/1
7/1
3
5/2
1/1
3
5/2
5/1
3
5/2
9/1
3
6/2
/13
6/6
/13
6/1
0/1
3
6/1
4/1
3
6/1
8/1
3
6/2
2/1
3
6/2
6/1
3
6/3
0/1
3
7/4
/13
7/8
/13
7/1
2/1
3
7/1
6/1
3
7/2
0/1
3
7/2
4/1
3
7/2
8/1
3
8/1
/13
TT
HM
's
24th0 HourTHM's
DV0 HourTTHM
Site1060
Site1350
Site1040
Site950
Site980
Mixed
Oxidants
ON
Chlorine
Dioxide
OnlyMixed
Oxidants
ON
24th PAC OFF / Ferric 10ppm
2/18/2014
11
Deer Valley 2011 TTHM's Mixed Oxidants vs Chlorine Dioxide Bt Itself
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
402
/10
/11
2/2
4/1
1
3/1
0/1
1
3/2
4/1
1
4/7
/11
4/2
1/1
1
5/5
/11
5/1
9/1
1
6/2
/11
6/1
6/1
1
6/3
0/1
1
7/1
4/1
1
7/2
8/1
1
8/1
1/1
1
8/2
5/1
1
9/8
/11
9/2
2/1
1
10
/6/1
1
10
/20
/11
11
/3/1
1
11
/17
/11
SBF EffTTHM
Comb FltEffTTHM
EPDSTTHM
EPDSTemp
Chlorine Dioxide
Upstream of GAC
Chlorine and
Chlorine Dioxide
Upstream of GAC
21
Deer Valley GAC Filters 2011 - 2013 THM Breakthrough Curve GAC Media Still Continues to Remove THM’s
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
8/1
9/1
1
9/1
9/1
1
10
/19
/11
11
/19
/11
12
/19
/11
1/1
9/1
2
2/1
9/1
2
3/1
9/1
2
4/1
9/1
2
5/1
9/1
2
6/1
9/1
2
7/1
9/1
2
8/1
9/1
2
9/1
9/1
2
10
/19
/12
11
/19
/12
12
/19
/12
1/1
9/1
3
2/1
9/1
3
3/1
9/1
3
4/1
9/1
3
5/1
9/1
3
6/1
9/1
3
7/1
9/1
3
8/1
9/1
3
9/1
9/1
3
10
/19
/13
11
/19
/13
Sand
Ballasted
Flocculation
Effluent
TTHM
GAC Eff
EPDS
TTHM's
Raw
Water
Temp
Plant Shutdown
22
2/18/2014
12
Deer Valley GAC Filters 2011 THM Breakthrough Curve
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
408/1
9/1
1
8/2
6/1
1
9/2
/11
9/9
/11
9/1
6/1
1
9/2
3/1
1
9/3
0/1
1
10/7
/11
10/1
4/1
1
10/2
1/1
1
10/2
8/1
1
11/4
/11
11/1
1/1
1
11/1
8/1
1
11/2
5/1
1
Sand
Ballasted
Flocculation
Effluent
TTHM
GAC Eff
EPDS
TTHM's
Raw
Water
Temp
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
Mixed Oxidant Cycles Chlorine
Only
Mixed
Oxidants
ON
Mixed
Oxidants
OFF
Mixed Oxidants
ON
Mixed Oxidants
OFF the Last
Day
23
Deer Valley GAC Filters 2012 THM Breakthrough Curve
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
4/1
1/1
2
4/2
5/1
2
5/9
/12
5/2
3/1
2
6/6
/12
6/2
0/1
2
7/4
/12
7/1
8/1
2
8/1
/12
8/1
5/1
2
8/2
9/1
2
9/1
2/1
2
9/2
6/1
2
10
/10
/12
10
/24
/12
11
/7/1
2
11
/21
/12
12
/5/1
2
12
/19
/12
Sand
Ballasted
Flocculation
Effluent
TTHM
GAC Eff
EPDS
TTHM's
Raw
Water
Temp
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
Mixed Oxidant Status Off
24
2/18/2014
13
Deer Valley's GAC Filters 2013 THM Breakthrough Curve
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
452
/7/1
3
2/2
1/1
3
3/7
/13
3/2
1/1
3
4/4
/13
4/1
8/1
3
5/2
/13
5/1
6/1
3
5/3
0/1
3
6/1
3/1
3
6/2
7/1
3
7/1
1/1
3
7/2
5/1
3
8/8
/13
8/2
2/1
3
9/5
/13
9/1
9/1
3
10
/3/1
3
10
/17
/13
10
/31
/13
11
/14
/13
Sand
Ballasted
Flocculation
Effluent
TTHM
GAC Eff
TTHM
EPDS
TTHM
Raw
Water
Temp
ON
1:1
ClO2
OnlyON
1:1
Cl2
Only
ON
1:1
Mixed Oxidant Status
Plant
Shut
Down
ON
1:1
ON
1.5 : 1
25
Typical TOC, Chlorite, Chlorine, and THM's Applied to GAC Media
While Practicing Pre-Oxidation / Mixed Oxidants
PPM, 2.6
PPM, 0.63
PPM, 0.15
PPM, 0.01
TOC Chlorite
Chlorine THM's
26
2/18/2014
14
24th Street GAC Filters 2012 through 2013 THM Breakthrough Curve GAC Media Will Leach THM's - Unlike Chlorite
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
600
5/1
0/1
2
06
/10
/12
07
/10
/12
08
/10
/12
09
/10
/12
10
/10
/12
11
/10
/12
12
/10
/12
01
/10
/13
02
/10
/13
03
/10
/13
04
/10
/13
05
/10
/13
06
/10
/13
07
/10
/13
08
/10
/13
09
/10
/13
10
/10
/13
PP
B
Final Sed Eff
Total THM
Comb Flt Eff
Total THM
EPDS
Total THM
27
24th Street EPDS THM Speciations Under Mixed Oxidant, Ferric Chloride, & PAC Variations
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
4/2
/13
4/9
/13
4/1
6/1
3
4/2
3/1
3
4/3
0/1
3
5/7
/13
5/1
4/1
3
5/2
1/1
3
5/2
8/1
3
6/4
/13
6/1
1/1
3
6/1
8/1
3
6/2
5/1
3
7/2
/13
7/9
/13
7/1
6/1
3
7/2
3/1
3
7/3
0/1
3
8/6
/13
PP
B
EPDS
Total THM
EPDS
Bromodichloromethane
EPDS
Dibromochloromethane
EPDS
Bromoform
EPDS
Chloroform
Mixed Oxidants
(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)
Ferric at 20 ppm
PAC at 7 ppm
Mixed Oxidants OFF
(ClO2 by itself)
Cut Ferric 20 to 10 ppm
Turned PAC OFF
Mixed
Oxidants
Back
ON
Ferric 10
PAC OFF
Mixed Oxidants
Still ON
Increased Ferric
from 10 to 20 ppm
Turned PAC ON
at 7 ppm
28
2/18/2014
15
24th Street Chloroform through Plant Process Chloroform No Longer Removed through GAC – Small Impact on EPDS THM’s
0
5
10
15
20
25
4/2
/13
4/9
/13
4/1
6/1
3
4/2
3/1
3
4/3
0/1
3
5/7
/13
5/1
4/1
3
5/2
1/1
3
5/2
8/1
3
6/4
/13
6/1
1/1
3
6/1
8/1
3
6/2
5/1
3
7/2
/13
7/9
/13
7/1
6/1
3
7/2
3/1
3
7/3
0/1
3
8/6
/13
PP
B
Final Sed Eff
Chloroform
Comb Flt Eff
Chloroform
EPDS
Chloroform
Mixed Oxidants
(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)
Ferric at 20 ppm
PAC at 7 ppm
Mixed Oxidants OFF
(ClO2 by itself)
Cut Ferric 20 to 10 ppm
Turned PAC OFF
Mixed
Oxidants
Back
ON
Ferric 10
PAC OFF
Mixed Oxidants
Still ON
Increased Ferric
from 10 to 20 ppm
Turned PAC ON
at 7 ppm
29
24th Street - Chloroform Percentage of TTHM Through Process EPDS Chloroform Percentage Changed Due to Mixed Oxidants vs ClO2 Bt Itself
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
4/2
/13
4/9
/13
4/1
6/1
3
4/2
3/1
3
4/3
0/1
3
5/7
/13
5/1
4/1
3
5/2
1/1
3
5/2
8/1
3
6/4
/13
6/1
1/1
3
6/1
8/1
3
6/2
5/1
3
7/2
/13
7/9
/13
7/1
6/1
3
7/2
3/1
3
7/3
0/1
3
8/6
/13
Ind
ivid
ua
l T
HM
Pe
rc
en
t o
f T
ota
l T
HM
Final Sed Eff
Chloroform
Comb Flt Eff
Chloroform
EPDS
Chloroform
Mixed Oxidants
(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)
Ferric at 20 ppm
PAC at 7 ppm
Mixed Oxidants OFF
(ClO2 by itself)
Cut Ferric 20 to 10 ppm
Turned PAC OFF
Mixed
Oxidants
Back
ON
Ferric 10
PAC OFF
Mixed Oxidants
Still ON
Increased Ferric
from 10 to 20 ppm
Turned PAC ON
at 7 ppm
30
2/18/2014
16
24th Street Bromoform through Plant Process Bromoform is Still Removed through GAC – But Small Impact on EPDS THM’s
0
5
10
15
20
25
4/2
/13
4/9
/13
4/1
6/1
3
4/2
3/1
3
4/3
0/1
3
5/7
/13
5/1
4/1
3
5/2
1/1
3
5/2
8/1
3
6/4
/13
6/1
1/1
3
6/1
8/1
3
6/2
5/1
3
7/2
/13
7/9
/13
7/1
6/1
3
7/2
3/1
3
7/3
0/1
3
8/6
/13
PP
B
Final Sed Eff
Bromoform
Comb Flt Eff
Bromoform
EPDS
Bromoform
Mixed Oxidants
(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)
Ferric at 20 ppm
PAC at 7 ppm
Mixed Oxidants OFF
(ClO2 by itself)
Cut Ferric 20 to 10 ppm
Turned PAC OFF
Mixed
Oxidants
Back
ON
Ferric 10
PAC OFF
Mixed Oxidants
Still ON
Increased Ferric
from 10 to 20 ppm
Turned PAC ON
at 7 ppm
31
24th Street - Bromoform Percentage of TTHM Through Process EPDS Bromoform Percentage Mainly Unchanged
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
4/2
/13
4/9
/13
4/1
6/1
3
4/2
3/1
3
4/3
0/1
3
5/7
/13
5/1
4/1
3
5/2
1/1
3
5/2
8/1
3
6/4
/13
6/1
1/1
3
6/1
8/1
3
6/2
5/1
3
7/2
/13
7/9
/13
7/1
6/1
3
7/2
3/1
3
7/3
0/1
3
8/6
/13
Ind
ivid
ua
l T
HM
Pe
rc
en
t o
f T
ota
l T
HM
Final Sed Eff
Bromoform
Comb Flt Eff
Bromoform
EPDS
Bromoform
Mixed Oxidants
(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)
Ferric at 20 ppm
PAC at 7 ppm
Mixed Oxidants OFF
(ClO2 by itself)
Cut Ferric 20 to 10 ppm
Turned PAC OFF
Mixed
Oxidants
Back
ON
Ferric 10
PAC OFF
Mixed Oxidants
Still ON
Increased Ferric
from 10 to 20 ppm
Turned PAC ON
at 7 ppm
32
2/18/2014
17
24th Street Bromodichloromethane through Plant Process Bromodichloro is No Longer Removed through GAC – But it has a Large Impact on
EPDS THM’s
0
5
10
15
20
254
/2/1
3
4/9
/13
4/1
6/1
3
4/2
3/1
3
4/3
0/1
3
5/7
/13
5/1
4/1
3
5/2
1/1
3
5/2
8/1
3
6/4
/13
6/1
1/1
3
6/1
8/1
3
6/2
5/1
3
7/2
/13
7/9
/13
7/1
6/1
3
7/2
3/1
3
7/3
0/1
3
8/6
/13
PP
B
Final Sed Eff
Bromodichloromethane
Comb Flt Eff
Bromodichloromethane
EPDS
Bromodichloromethane
Mixed Oxidants
(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)
Ferric at 20 ppm
PAC at 7 ppm
Mixed Oxidants OFF
(ClO2 by itself)
Cut Ferric 20 to 10 ppm
Turned PAC OFF
Mixed
Oxidants
Back
ON
Ferric 10
PAC OFF
Mixed Oxidants
Still ON
Increased Ferric
from 10 to 20 ppm
Turned PAC ON
at 7 ppm
33
24th Street - Bromodichloromethane Percentage of TTHM Through Process EPDS Bromodichloro Percentage Mainly Unchanged
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
4/2
/13
4/9
/13
4/1
6/1
3
4/2
3/1
3
4/3
0/1
3
5/7
/13
5/1
4/1
3
5/2
1/1
3
5/2
8/1
3
6/4
/13
6/1
1/1
3
6/1
8/1
3
6/2
5/1
3
7/2
/13
7/9
/13
7/1
6/1
3
7/2
3/1
3
7/3
0/1
3
8/6
/13
Ind
ivid
ua
l T
HM
Pe
rc
en
t o
f T
ota
l T
HM
Final Sed Eff
Bromodichloromethane
Comb Flt Eff
Bromodichloromethane
EPDS
Bromodichloromethane
Mixed Oxidants
(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)
Ferric at 20 ppm
PAC at 7 ppm
Mixed Oxidants OFF
(ClO2 by itself)
Cut Ferric 20 to 10 ppm
Turned PAC OFF
Mixed
Oxidants
Back
ON
Ferric 10
PAC OFF
Mixed Oxidants
Still ON
Increased Ferric
from 10 to 20 ppm
Turned PAC ON
at 7 ppm
34
2/18/2014
18
24th Street Dibromochloromethane through Plant Process Dibromochloro is Still Removed through GAC – And has the Largest Impact on
EPDS THM’s
0
5
10
15
20
254
/2/1
3
4/9
/13
4/1
6/1
3
4/2
3/1
3
4/3
0/1
3
5/7
/13
5/1
4/1
3
5/2
1/1
3
5/2
8/1
3
6/4
/13
6/1
1/1
3
6/1
8/1
3
6/2
5/1
3
7/2
/13
7/9
/13
7/1
6/1
3
7/2
3/1
3
7/3
0/1
3
8/6
/13
PP
B
Final Sed Eff
Dibromochloromethane
Comb Flt Eff
Dibromochloromethane
EPDS
Dibromochloromethane
Mixed Oxidants
(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)
Ferric at 20 ppm
PAC at 7 ppm
Mixed Oxidants OFF
(ClO2 by itself)
Cut Ferric 20 to 10 ppm
Turned PAC OFF
Mixed
Oxidants
Back
ON
Ferric 10
PAC OFF
Mixed Oxidants
Still ON
Increased Ferric
from 10 to 20 ppm
Turned PAC ON
at 7 ppm
35
24th Street - Dibromochloromethane Percentage of TTHM Through Process EPDS Dibromochloro Percentage Changed Due to Mixed Oxidants vs ClO2 By Itself
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
4/2
/13
4/9
/13
4/1
6/1
3
4/2
3/1
3
4/3
0/1
3
5/7
/13
5/1
4/1
3
5/2
1/1
3
5/2
8/1
3
6/4
/13
6/1
1/1
3
6/1
8/1
3
6/2
5/1
3
7/2
/13
7/9
/13
7/1
6/1
3
7/2
3/1
3
7/3
0/1
3
8/6
/13
Ind
ivid
ual T
HM
Percen
t o
f T
ota
l T
HM Final Sed Eff
Dibromochloromethane
Comb Flt Eff
Dibromochloromethane
EPDS
Dibromochloromethane
Mixed Oxidants
(Cl2 & ClO2 at 1:1)
Ferric at 20 ppm
PAC at 7 ppm
Mixed Oxidants OFF
(ClO2 by itself)
Cut Ferric 20 to 10 ppm
Turned PAC OFF
Mixed
Oxidants
Back
ON
Ferric 10
PAC OFF
Mixed Oxidants
Still ON
Increased Ferric
from 10 to 20 ppm
Turned PAC ON
at 7 ppm
36
2/18/2014
19
• 30% - 40% THM Reductions at the Reservoir Effluent as Well
as the Far Reaches of the Distribution System.
• Dibromochloromethane and Bromodichloromethane are
Reduced the Most.
• Dibromochloromethane and Chloroform Exchange Their
Percentage of the TTHM with Each Other. Chloroform Goes Up
and Dibromochloromethane Goes Down.
• GAC Media will leach THM’s – Unlike Chlorite
Recap - THM Reductions from Pre-
Oxidation Prior to GAC
A Special Thanks to the Deer Valley
and 24th Street Chemists
YuChu Hsu – Supervisor
• Shari Lange
• Dominique Ramirez
• Edna Bienz (retired)
• Tori Arnold
• Holly Bradley
• Abril Perez
• Allison Shepherd
2/18/2014
20
Statements of fact and opinion expressed are those of the author(s) and presenter(s).
AZ Water Association, AZAWWA and
AZWEA assume no responsibility for the content, nor do they represent official policy
of the Association.
Finish Line – Data Overload
Questions ???