G T O S Global Terrestrial Observing System 3rd GTN-H Coordination Panel Meeting Koblenz – 17-19...
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G T O SGlobal Terrestrial Observing System
3rd GTN-H Coordination Panel Meeting
Koblenz – 17-19 September 2007
Overview of presentation
GTOS mission Organizational structure Overview of activities Specific developments Other issues
GTOS Creation
The 1992 Rio Summit, along with other international ecology conventions, reinforced the need for specific, reliable international data on environmental conditions and trends
In 1996, four United Nations bodies and an international scientific community created the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) to help confront this challenge
Over the past 50 years, humans have changed ecosystems more rapidly and extensively than in comparable period time in human history
Unprecedented ecosystem change
Approximately 60% (15 out of 24) of ecosystem services evaluated being degraded or used unsustainably
More land converted to cropland since 1945 than in 18th, 19th centuries combined
Coral reefs reduced by 20% and a further 20% degraded in last decades
Mangrove area reduced by 35% in last decades
Water in reservoirs quadrupled since1960
Withdrawals from rivers and lakes doubled since 1960
Biological nitrogen flows in terrestrial ecosystems doubled since 1960; phosphorus flows tripled
GTOS Mission
To provide policy-makers,
resource managers and
researchers with access
to the data and
information they need to
detect, quantify, locate,
and warn of changes
(especially reductions) in
the capacity of terrestrial
ecosystems to support
sustainable development.
Key Issues
Changes in land quality
Availability of freshwater resources
Loss of biodiversity
Climate change
Impacts of pollution and toxicity
GTOS Organization
Steering Committee Chair: Berrien Moore
Members Extended and revived
Sponsor representatives: Jeff TSCHIRLEY (FAO) Thomas ROSSWALL (ICSU) Norberto FERNANDEZ (UNEP) Mario HERNANDEZ (UNESCO) Buruhani NYENZI (WMO)
Programme Director: John LATHAM Secretariat Staff: 1 programme Director, 1 professional programme
officers, 1 support consultants, 2 support staff, up to 4 volunteers
Panels and activities: Science teams working on core mission areas
Secretariat hosted at: FAO HQ, Rome Italy
International Framework and Sister Organizations
Delivery through – panels and activities
Panels are run on
a voluntary basis
Terrestrial Observing Panel for Climate (TOPC)
Focuses on the identification of terrestrial observation requirements, assisting the
establishment of observing networks for climate, providing guidance on observation standards and norms, facilitating access to climate data
and information and its assimilation, and promoting climate studies and assessments.
http://www.fao.org/gtos/TOPC.html
Terrestrial Observing Panel for Climate (TOPC)
Developments
New Panel formation: Han Dolman (TOPC Chair), Anatoli Brouchkov, Jay Famiglietti, Wilfried Haeberli, Gen Inoue, Ulrich Looser, Jan Polcher, Shaun Quegan, Michel Verstraete, Valery Vuglinsky.
First TOPC meeting planned for the end of 2007.
Priorities remain assisting GCOS and GTOS in the execution of the GCOS Implementation Plan, development of the next adequacy report and preparation of material on status of the development of standards for each of the essential climate variables in the terrestrial domain.
TCO – Terrestrial Carbon Observations
TCO MISSION
1- Identify the potential users and the required data and scale.
2- Collect, organize, harmonize and coordinate carbon data and models (from local to regional and global scale) considering:- in situ data- remote sensing data- terrestrial ecosystems data.
3- Link among science, policy and end users.
TCO New Implementation Plan
1- Coordination of the carbon observations system2- Use and synthesis of data and methodological development3- Capacity building4- Links to the Conventions
CARBOAFRICA: a new way for funding
EU–funded project (STREP - 6FP)Priority: Global Change and Ecosystems
Coordinator: University of Tuscia
15 International Institutions (11 European, 3 African, FAO)
Funds: 2.8 M€
Duration: 3 yearsQuantification, understanding and prediction of carbon cycle, and other GHG gases, in Sub-Saharan Africa.
CARBOAFRICA
The overarching goal is to set up a first attempt of a GHGs fluxes monitoring network of Africa, in order to quantify, understand and predict, by a multi-disciplinary integrated approach, GHG emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa and its associated spatial and temporal variability.
Eddy covariance sites alreadyavailable for CARBOAFRICA
Eddy covariance sites that willbe established by CARBOAFRICA
stations for atmospheric measurements
CARBOAFRICA NETWORK
16 + 2 flux towers
2 atmospheric stations
Airborne campaigns
Forest & Land Cover Dynamics: GOFC-GOLD
To improve the quality and availability of space-based and in situ observations of forests at regional and global scales and to produce useful, timely and validated information products from these data for a wide variety of users.
GOFC-GOLD: activities
Fire mapping and monitoring Land Cover Characteristics and Change Regional activities for the above Support to terrestrial ECVs activities Validation of satellite products Participation on GEOSS tasks Support to LCCS
http://www.fao.org/gtos/gofc-gold/index.html
Coastal GTOS (C-GTOS)
C-GTOS Implementation planhttp://www.fao.org/gtos/pubs.html
To detect, assess and predict global and large-scale regional change associated with land-based, wetland andfreshwater (and when appropriate transitionalwaters) ecosystems along coasts.
Advance the development of the initial coastal products
Activities: Coastal module created in
TEMS including linkages with the GCMD
Development of vulnerability of ecosystem services in deltaic systems
Management of conservation and cultural sites in the coastal zone
Distribution of sites appropriate for analyses of delivery systems
Distribution and the rate of change of population, urbanization and land use in the coastal environment
Contribution to a mangroves atlas
Link with different environmental conventions
Project INT 981 ITA
2000
C-GTOS activities
Advance the development of the initial coastal products
Activities: Coastal module created in
TEMS including linkages with the GCMD
Development of vulnerability of ecosystem services in deltaic systems
Management of conservation and cultural sites in the coastal zone
Distribution of sites appropriate for analyses of delivery systems
Distribution and the rate of change of population, urbanization and land use in the coastal environment
Contribution to a mangroves atlas
Link with different environmental conventions
A joint initiative of FAO, the International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), and other international institutions to prepare the 2nd edition of the World Atlas of Mangroves.
31 countries are being mapped through a photo interpretation of satellite imageries at 1:250,000 scale. The final product will be produced at a scale of 1:500,000.
Project INT 981 ITA
C-GTOS
Expand the TEMS database, including additional ecosystem types, global change monitoring data and metadata services.
www.fao.org/gtos/tems
Who, what, where: 2040 monitoring sites 40 networks 1200 contact persons 120 environmental variables
and 60 socio-economic indicators (with description sheets)
Interactive Maps Thematic modules related to
biodiversity, coastal zones, forest, hydrology and mountain.
Local Climate Estimates, Geology, Pedology and Hydrology data.
Project INT 981 ITA
TEMS activities
Output 3.1: Expand the TEMS database, including additional ecosystem types, global change monitoring data and metadata services.
www.fao.org/gtos/tems
TEMS improvements
New digital Terrain Model data available for each T-site (100km2) (3D image will include Landsat ETM+) Landsat TM, MSS and Land Cover will also be extracted
GOSIC data matrix, MAB cooperation, network links
New sites, networks and modules
New 5 year strategy
Project INT 981 ITA
Develop, submit, have approved and print a IGOS land theme report.
1.Improved support for GTOS panels and thematic activities
2. Develop the coastal module into an active GTOS Panel
3.Expansion of TEMS thematic coverage and functionality
4.Global land cover production and identification of user needs
5.Development and implementation of IGOS themes
6.Assistance to the Conventions
IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES:Objective of IGOS land: Seeks to provide a
comprehensive framework to harmonize the common interests of the major space-based and in-situ systems for global observation of the Earth.
Project INT 981 ITA
Land theme of IGOS: IGOL design activities
that will provide a comprehensive picture of the present state of terrestrial ecosystems, and build capacity for long-term monitoring of those ecosystems.
http://www.fao.org/gtos/igol/
Develop, submit, have approved and print a IGOS land theme report.
Project INT 981 ITA
http://www.fao.org/gtos/igol/
Achievements: Theme Team of experts established. Following meetings organized:
1st IGOL theme team meeting, Rome, Sept. 2004 2nd IGOL meeting, Reston, USA, July 2005 3rd IGOL meeting, Beijing, Feb 2006
IGOL Biodiversity meeting, Washington DC, Nov 2005 IGOL Agriculture meeting, Rome, March 2006 IGOL GEO Ag monitoring meeting, Rome, July 2007
Draft IGOL report developed out for review Biodiversity and Agriculture reports developed for GEOSS
Proposed IGOL transitioning paper submitted to IGOS
Fire Information for Resource Management System: FIRMS transitioning from a research to an operational system with an emphasis
on protected areas
Integrates remote sensing and GIS technologies to deliver MODIS active fire locations to natural resource managers around the world.
Real time data on fires in our around protected areas.
Data provided is in easy-to-use formats.
Scope
Fire alerts through e-mails and cell phone text messages.
Active fire info via an interactive Web Mapping interface.
Provision of shape files containing locations of latest fires detected.
Provision of subsets of MODIS imagery.
Services and products
2003
sample e-mail alert
FIRMS will send out notifications when a fire is detected within a user-specified distance of the target area.
interactive Web GIS
Web Fire Mapper (WFM) enables resource managers to access near real time fire information. Users can view and query the full archive of MODIS Terra and Aqua active fires (from November 2000 - present) both globally and for selected regions.
FIRMS main components
To promote the widest possible use, open consensus standards delineated by ISO, Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) and the Open GIS Consortium (OGC) will be adopted.
The use of near real-time fire notifications (by cell phone text messaging) in South Africa has also generated a lot of interest and requests have been received to expand this service to other regions.
SMS Alert System
Fire Information for Resource Management System: FIRMS transitioning from a research to an operational system with an emphasis
on protected areas
Prototypes (e.g. in South Africa and other African countries have been very successful.
NASA, FAO and UNEP supporting the transition to a fully operational global system.
The system will be housed at FAO.
UNEP will integrate FIRMS in their current fire decision support system.
Additional specifications will be added, e.g. 5, 10, 15 km buffer zones of protected areas.
additional data, gis layers, imagery form alternative systems.
improved data queries and provision.
Feedback mechanisms for managers and other users.
Product validation and verification.
Document best practices of fire managers -> share data and findings
Current status and next steps
GEO and GEOSS activities
www.fao.org/gtos/tems
GTOS contribution to the 2007-2009 GEO tasks:
17 Tasks (4 lead): 14 old continuing tasks + 3 new tasks derived from old ones
The GTOS secretariat is currently revising the new GEO tasks included in the GEO 2007-2009 Work Plan in order to decide which task is relevant to GTOS and its panels, and the level of involvement.
Key tasks leaded by GTOS:
CL-06-03: Key Terrestrial Observations for Climate
DA-07-02: Global Land Cover
AG-06-04: Forest Mapping and Change Monitoring
Problem:
GEO/GEOSS process causing considerable strain to financial and human resources
GEO and GEOSS activities
www.fao.org/gtos/tems
Main Tasks relevant to GOFC-GOLD:
AG-06-04: Forest Mapping and Change Monitoring
DA-07-02: Global Land Cover
DA-07-03: Virtual Constellations
DI-06-13: Implementation of a Fire Warning System at Global Level
EC-06-07: Regional Networks for Ecosystems
Task relevant to TOPC:
CL-06-03: Key Terrestrial Observations for Climate
CL-06-05: GEOSS IPY Contribution
Task relevant to TCO:
EC-06-01 - Integrated Global Carbon Observation (IGCO)
AG-06-04 - Forest Mapping and Change Monitoring
CL-06-03 - Key Terrestrial Observations for Climate
Activities:Work closely with CBD Secretariat to identify relevant GTOS tools, products and
services, and make these available to the Parties of the Convention .
Survey on needs and requirements of CBD State Parties in order to identify the GTOS products and services to assess issues related to habitat loss.
Elaboration of targeted outreach material relevant to the Delegates to CBD, Ramsar, CMS and CITES.
Raising awareness at Ramsar, CMS and CBD meetings.
Project INT 981 ITA
Assist the CBD towards the achievement of the 2010 Target.
Activities:Collaborate closely with the UNCCD Secretariat, CST, and in particular with the CRIC to
identify relevant GTOS tools, products and services. Develop training modules specific to the collection, analysis and exchange of land degradation in collaboration with GLCN and other specialized centres.
Survey on needs and requirements of UNCCD State Parties
Elaboration of targeted outreach material relevant to Delegates to UNCCD statutory meetings (e.g. posters. brochures, CD-ROMs, reports)
Survey on capacity-building and training requirements in affected African countries in order to develop training workshop modules relevant to monitoring trends (and reporting) in land degradation.
Support the work of the UNCCD, with emphasis on capacity building and scientific/technical cooperation amongst the Parties.
Project INT 981 ITA
Execution of the GCOS Implementation Plan in support of the UNFCCC
Project INT 981 ITA
Report developed and submitted.
SBSTA requested GTOS to further develop frame work and standards for terrestrial ECVs
Progress reports to be submitted at SBSTA 26 (May 2007)
SBSTA 26 welcomed GTOS inputs, requested framework and ECV analysis to be completed by SBSTA 27 (Dec 2007) to allow review and development of recommendations and next steps.
Activities are also recognized as an official task of GEOSS (CL-06-03)
Activities:Through its TOPC Panel assist in the preparation of guidance materials,
standards and reporting guidelines for terrestrial observing systems for climate, and associated products and assess the status of the development of standards for each of the essential climate variables in the terrestrial domain.
Terrestrial Essential
Climate Variables• Snow-cover• Glaciers and ice caps• Permafrost layer• River discharge• Water use• Groundwater• Lake levels• Albedo• FAPAR• Active radiation• Leaf Area Index• Surface Temperature• Fire disturbance• Land Cover• Biomass
Execution of the GCOS Implementation Plan in support of the UNFCCC
Project INT 981 ITA
Finalize framework report.
Complete terrestrial ECV standards analysis and allow stakeholder review.
Prepare terrestrial ECV supplement and biennial report for UNFCCC COP and SBSTA (Bali, December 2007).
Preparation of side event and booth at COP.
Raising relevant stakeholder awareness and interest for terrestrial observations (hopefully leading to support the networks and activities required to undertake the observations).
Current activities
Your support required, go to:
www.fao.org/gtos/topcECV.html
For more details see the GTOS Biennial Report GEO
IGOS
GOFC-GOLD
TOPC
TCO
C-GTOS
TEMS
Conventions
Biodiversity
Mountains
www.fao.org/gtos
GTN-G
GTN-P
GTN-H
GTN-R
NPP
GTOS Biennial Report
New edition will be available in December
Thank you
END