G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

George K. FanourakisInstitute of Nuclear & Particle Physics (INPP) – NCSR ‘Demokritos’

Gaseous Detectors for Particle, Nuclear and

Astroparticle Physics

Collaborative projects among:INPP– NCSR ‘Demokritos’ (Particle and Nuclear Physics groups)Saclay – France (Instrumentation and Nuclear Physics groups)CERN (Instrumentation group)Brookhaven lab (srEDM group)Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Particle Physics group)Hellenic Open University (Particle Physics group)University of Zaragoza - Spain (Particle Physics group)

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Micromegas principle of operation

Micro mesh gaseous structure

Hole dia: 50μm pitch: 100μm

Spacers > 50μm

or pads

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Micromesh

pillars (spacers)

Micromegas 3D layout

• Excellent position resolution• Good energy resolution• Very low background• Excellent stability• Radiation hard• Cheap• Variety of applications (X-rays, tracking, neutron det. , TPC detector, Visible photon det. )

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

+ more nuclear applications• α-capture reactions relevant to stellar nucleosynthesis• Measurements of stopping power of heavy elements

Interest: Characterize Neutron induced Fission fragments i.e. Fission fragment properties (Mass, Charge, kinetic Energy) Both fragments should be observed e.g.

• We need a twin detector on a back to back configuration with the Fission target in the middle

FIDIASFIssion Detector at the Interface with AStrophysics

Prototype sent to Saclay

235 142 9092 55 37 4n U Cs Rb n

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios 5

Prototype μM TPC: Design - Construction

Aluminum Housing

Plexiglas Cage E field shaper

32 x 1ΜΩ

Voltage Trimmernear mesh

Single TPC, Charge and Time readout

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Current progress

The detector (10x10 cm2) is equipped with x–y strips

can be readout from the 2 ends of the circuit board

420 µm pitch X Strips

420 µm pitch Y Strips

Micro via

Pixel (200x200 µm)

Pillar

Mesh

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Based on MIMAC’s Saclay design modified and constructed by Rui’s lab at CERN

The FIDIAS 2D X-Y Micromegas readout board design

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

μM-TPC

μM-TPC

T2K electronics

Inside Goliath magnet at CERN H4 beam line

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

pions seen by the μM-TPC with RD51 test beam

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Intensive tests at Saclay - Results reportedat a previous RD51 collaboration meeting.

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

RL

RLH

UD

UDV

carries EDM signalsmallincreases slowly with time

carries in-plane precession signal

probing the transverse proton spin components as a function of storage time

srEDM polarimeter principlePrecision measurement of the Electric Dipole Moment of Protons and Deuterons

proposed for Brookhaven (Y. Semertzidis)

ts

nradθθ(t) 30

for d=10-28 e·cm (p’s)

defining aperture polarimeter targetextraction adding white noise to slowly increase the beam phase space

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

srEDM polarimeter parameters

Angle coverage: 5o – 20o

Event rate: 105 protons/s,

Maximum detector rate: 1KHz/cm2 for 103 cm2 area

Angular resolution: < 10 mrad

(multiple scattering limitation: 2mmPCB for .7GeV protons: 3mrad)

Energy resolution: ~20%

Time resolution: 1-100 ns

Plane tracker or TPC

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

A Micromegas TPC for pEDM

For 5o-20o scattering angle

mm

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

σ0: resolution at zero drift, DTr: Transverse Diffusion constant,

Neff: the effective number of electrons over the pad size

m 670

229.0dC

Micromegas Ar+10% CO2

cm

Diffusion issues

Ioannis Giomataris

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Worst case scenario

Gas: D=500μm/sqrt(cm)Track coming in 5o 9mm transverse dimension for a 10 cm drift

Neff ~ 100 for 1mm pad/strip

Longitudinal or transverse diffusion < 150μm

If the track (mip) is sampled over 9 strips: Transverse resolution < 150μm/√9*10cm = 500 μrad

But much better for a proton or deuteron

Parameters

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Micromegas TPC readout segmentation

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Prototyping

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Data acquisition logistics

1 MHz elastically scattered protons in a ~103 cm2 area

106 tracks/sec 1 track coming per 1 μs

For a drift velocity of 5cm/μs and a drift distance of 10 cm 2 tracks per μs in the chamber

Worst case: slanted tracks 175 r-strips + ~20 φ-strips

~200 strips * 8 bytes (time + charge + strip number) ~1600kbyte/μs 1.6 Gbyte/s Use continues sampling: 25 MHz clock (read 12 bytes in 40ns)

300 Mb/sNote that CMS (LHC) writes ~100 Mbyte/s on tape !!!

If we just record x,y,z and slope we can have a better situation…

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Development of a Spherical Proportional Counter for low energy neutrino detection

via Coherent Scattering

Internal electrode (15mm) at high voltageRead-out of the internal electrode

Volume = 1 m3, Cu 6 mmGas leak < 5x10-9mbar/s.Gas mixture Argon + 2%CH4Pressure up to 5 bar

Ilias Savvidis’ lab

Main contributors: Saclay +AUth

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

A new detector with interesting properties:• large mass • good energy resolution• low sub-keV energy threshold• radial geometry with spherical proportional amplification read-out• robustness and low cost.

Peaks observed from the 241Am radioactive source through aluminium and

polypropylene foil.

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

neutrinos

neutrinos

antineutrinos

antineutrinos

super nova explosion

nuclear reactor coreSpherical Proportional Counter

Can it detect neutrinos?

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

The nuclear recoil energy versus the neutrino energy. From top to bottom nuclear targets with A=4, 20, 40, 84, 131 for the elements He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe respectively.

The energy of the recoil nucleus

Xe

He

Ar

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Response of the detector to the reactor and supernova neutrinos

Nuclear reactor neutrinos: With the present prototype at 10 m from the reactor, after 1 year run (2x107s),

assuming full detector efficiency:

- Xe ( s ≈ 2.16x10-40 cm2), 2.2x106 neutrinos detected, Tmax=146 eV

- Ar ( s ≈ 1.7x10-41 cm2), 9x104 neutrinos detected, Tmax=480 eV

- Ne ( s ≈ 7.8x10-42 cm2), 1.87x104 neutrinos detected, Tmax=960 eV

Supernova neutrinos:- For a detector of radius 4 m with a gas under 10 Atm and a typical supernova in our

galaxy, i.e. 10 kpc away, one finds 1, 30, 150, 600 and 1900 events for He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe respectively (Y. Giomataris, J. D. Vergados, Phys.Lett.B634:23-29,2006)

More details on supernova neutrino detection: Tzamarias talk

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Cosmic ray MM detectors

~50x50 cm2

128 pads

To be read via the RD51 SRS

system

Part of ASTRONEU project

(T. Tzamarias)

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Develop microbulk Micromegas detectors with segmented mesh

X-strips Y-strips

Real x-y structure Mass minimization Production Simplification Large surface detectors

Detector characteristics: Active area ~ 38 x 38 mm2, Cu strips, pitch 1mm, strips interspacing 100 μm, amplification width 50 μm.

To be read by AGET electronics

An RD51 funded project(T. Geralis)

G. Fanourakis – HEP2013 – Chios

Conclusions

Reported progress in the design and tests of various prototype detectors based on gaseous detector technologies such as the Micromegas and the Spherical detector.

Use the described prototypes to investigate applications in the Particle, Nuclear and Astrophysics domains.