g Ch 5
Transcript of g Ch 5
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1. The equal protection of the laws means that laws must provide
equivalent protection to all people and is part of the Fourteenth
Amendment. It should provide equal protection of life, liberty, and
property to all a states citizens.
2. The Thirteenth Amendment, which was passed after the Civil War, forbade
slavery and involuntary servitude. The Fourteenth Amendment forbids
the states from denying to anyone equal protection of the laws. The
Fifteenth Amendment extended suffrage to African Americans.
3. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made racial discrimination against any group
in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job
discrimination. It created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
(EEOC) to monitor and enforce protections against job discrimination. It
also withheld federal grants from state and local governments and other
institutions that practiced racial discrimination. Voting rights legislation
was strengthened. Lastly, the law authorized the U.S. Justice Department
to initiate lawsuits to desegregate public schools and facilities.
4. Before the 24th Amendment, state and local governments used various
methods to prevent African-Americans from voting. Oklahoma and other
Southern states used a grandfather clause to deny them the right to vote.
Potential voters were required to take a literacy test before registering to
vote in these states. People whose grandfathers were eligible to vote
prior to this requirement were exempted, allowing illiterate whites to vote.
The use of poll taxes was also used to exclude African Americans and they
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were often due during the time of the year when poor African-American
sharecroppers had the least cash on hand. Most Southern states used the
white primary from depriving them of a voice in real contests.
5. In Korematsu v. United States the Supreme Court upheld the internment
of more than 100,000 Japanese-Americans in encampments during World
War II as constitutional.
6. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was a constitutional amendment
originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1978
and sent to the states legislatures for ratification, stating that equality of
rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States
or by any state on account of sex. This law was designed to challenge
gender inequality.
7. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibited any government from using
voting procedures that denied a person the vote on the basis of race or
color and abolished the use of literacy requirements for anyone who had
completed the sixth grade. Under the law, federal registrars were sent to
Southern states and counties that had long histories of discrimination; as
a result, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and
the number of African-American elected officials increased dramatically.
8. In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke the Supreme Court held
that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely
because of their race. In similar case was that which took place in Kaiser
Aluminum which denied Weber into its apprenticeship program. In Weber
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v. Kaiser Aluminum the Supreme Court declared that Weber was not
discriminated because the program was intended to rectify years of past
employment discrimination at Kaiser.
9. Civil rights laws have greatly increased the size of government. The
government has enacted many civil rights laws, which increase the
governments control of power. However, government participation in
civil rights protects individual rights against discrimination. Key Supreme
Court decisions in Brown v. Board of Education and laws such as the
Voting Rights Act of 1965 are a few examples of how the government has
increased its scope of control.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka is a landmark decision of the
United States Supreme Court which outlawed racial segregation ofpublic
education facilities. When Arkansas governor, Orville Faubus, fought the
ruling of school desegregation, President Eisenhower sent troops to escort
nine African-American children to Central High School in Little Rock. The
National Guard was sent to provide continuing protection for the students.
Many Southern states prevented African-Americans from voting. They
used the grandfather clause, literacy test, and poll tax to discourage African-
Americans. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibited any government from
using voting procedures that denied a person the vote on the basis of race or
color and abolished the use of literacy requirements for anyone who had
completed the sixth grade.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landmark_decisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landmark_decisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_education -
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These examples are just a few of many ways the Federal government
increased its scope of power. Through monitering civil rights laws they have
strove to make an America where everyone can enjoy life, liberty, and
persuit of happiness.