G B M B1B1 G2G2 Z Z2Z2 G3G3 Z3Z3 Lesson 4.3 Loose Water.
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Transcript of G B M B1B1 G2G2 Z Z2Z2 G3G3 Z3Z3 Lesson 4.3 Loose Water.
![Page 1: G B M B1B1 G2G2 Z Z2Z2 G3G3 Z3Z3 Lesson 4.3 Loose Water.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649f3f5503460f94c5fbaa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
G
B
M
B1
G2
ZZ2
G3 Z3
Lesson 4.3
Loose Water
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References
• NSTM 079 Volume 1
• NTTP 3-20.31
• Damage Control Book, section II (a)
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ENABLING OBJECTIVES
• Explain why FSE impairs stability.
• Compute FSE.
• List methods to reduce FSE.
• Explain why FCE impairs stability.
• Compute FCE.
• Describe pocketing, surface permeability, size of hole, and venting on FSE and FCE.
• Correct stability curve for FSE and FCE.
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CLASS TOPICS
1. Free Surface Effect
2. Example
3. Free Communication Effect
4. Example
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FREE SURFACE EFFECT
G
B
M
G
B
M
B1
G
B
M
B1
G
B
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B1
G
B
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B1
G
B
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B1
Z
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FREE SURFACE EFFECT
G
B
M
G
B
M
B1
G2G
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B1
G2G
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G2
B1
G2G
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B1
G2
G
B
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B1
G2
ZZ2
Z3G3
GZGZ22 = GZ = GZ33
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B
M
B1
G
G3
GG3
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FSE =B3 x L
12 x 35 x Wf
B = BREADTH OF COMPTL = LENGTH OF COMPTWf = SHIP'S DISPLACEMENT
FREE SURFACE EFFECT
= MOMENT OFINERTIA
=SHIP'S DISPLACED VOLUME
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POCKETING - SHALLOW
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POCKETING - ALMOST FULL
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POCKETING(NO POCKETING EXISTS)
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SURFACE PERMEABILITY
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SLUICE VALVES - Closed
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SLUICE VALVES - Open
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FREE SURFACE EFFECT•Independent of the depth of the liquid
•Greater w/ increased length and width of the compartment
•Increases as draft decreases (de-ballasting)
•Can be reduced by pocketing
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CLASS TOPICS
1. Free Surface Effect
2. Example
3. Free Communication
4. Example
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FWD
AFT
PORT
STBD
25 FT
30 FT
4 FT
Wo = 3500 LT
FSE?
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FSE = B3 x L 12 x 35 FT3/LT x WF
FSE = (30 FT)3 x 25 FT 12 x 35 FT3/LT x 3585.71 LTFSE = 675000 FT4 =
1505998.2 FT3
.45 FT
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CLASS TOPICS
1. Free Surface Effect
2. Example
3. Free Communication
4. Example
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FREE COMMUNICATION EFFECTFREE COMMUNICATION EFFECT
G
B
M
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FREE COMMUNICATION EFFECTFREE COMMUNICATION EFFECT
G
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FREE COMMUNICATION EFFECT
G
B
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G2G4 B1
G3
Z4
G5 Z5
G3G5
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FCE =B x L x Y2
35 x Wf
B = BREADTH OF COMPTL = LENGTH OF COMPTY = DIST FM SHIP C/L TO COMPT COG.Wf = SHIP'S DISPLACEMENT
FREE COMMUNICATIONEFFECT
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FREE COMMUNICATION EFFECT(All 3 must exist)(All 3 must exist)
• COMPARTMENT OPEN TO THE SEA
• COMPARTMENT PARTIALLY FLOODED
• COMPARTMENT OFF-CENTERLINEOR “UNEVEN” ABOUT THECENTERLINE
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COMPARTMENT OPEN TO SEA COMPARTMENT PARTIALLY FLOODED
Y = 0 NO F.C.E.. ..
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Free Communication Effect•Size of the hole will reduce FCE. (Formula assumes entire skin of ship is “open to sea”)
•Venting will reduce FCE. (More air transfer = more water “communicating” into the compartment.)
•Increases as draft decreases (de-ballasting)
•Can be reduced by pocketing
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CLASS TOPICS
1. Free Surface Effect
2. Example
3. Free Communication
4. Example
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Wo= 2880 LT L = 28 FT
Depth = 4 ft B = 29 FT
40 ft
29 FT
28 FT
20 ft
14.5 ft
= 20 ft – 14.5 fty = 5.5 ft
wwFLOODING FLOODING = = 28 FT * 29 FT * 4 FT28 FT * 29 FT * 4 FT
35 FT35 FT33/LT/LT
wwFLOODINGFLOODING = 92.8 LT = 92.8 LT
WWFF = W = W0 0 ++ wwFLOODINGFLOODING = 2972.8 = 2972.8
LTLT
y
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B x L x (y)2 35 FT3/LT x WF
.24 FT
FCE =
29 FT x 28 FT x (5.5 FT)2 35 FT3/LT x (2880 LT + 92.8 LT)
FCE =
24563 FT4 104048 FT3FCE =
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Quiz…• Why does FSE impair stability? ANS: Horizontal weight shifts off centerline
cause a “virtual rise” in G, reducing GM.• Factors that reduce FSE? ANS: Compartment size, pocketing, baffle
plates, surface permeability, sluice valves, venting.
• Which variable is the “determining factor” in the FCE equation?
ANS: “Y” the distance from the ship’s centerline to the compartments center… it is squared.
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Quiz…
• What three factors must be present for FCE to exist?
ANS: 1) Off centerline or Uneven about centerline. 2) Open to the sea 3) Partially flooded.
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Instructor will now…
• Assign Practice Problems for lesson 4.3 (Stability Problems #4, #7. Try problems #8, #11)
• Read Student Guide!!
• Homework # 2 Due end of class TODAY!